专业采矿词汇

采矿工程专业英语词汇手册(GlossaryofSpecialEnglishinMiningEngineering)采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentChapter3.1MiningmethodChapter3.2MinePreplanningChapterMinedevelopmen.tChapterWallingsystemintroductionChapterGroundcontrol.Chapter4.3RoofsupportsystemChapterLongwallcoal-gettingmachineChapterConveyingsystemChapterVentilationsystemChapter5PillarsystemChapter6Chapter7NovelminingmethodsChapter3.1Miningmethodminingmethod采矿方法；miningoperation采矿作业；transportation运输；ventilation通风；groundcontrol顶板管理；thecostofpertonofcoal吨煤成本；recovery回采率；subsidev.?subsidencen.地表沉陷；subsidencecontrol地表沉陷控制cover覆盖层；overburden上覆地层；immediateroof直接顶；floor底板；dip（Pitch）倾角；hardness硬度；strength强度；cleavage解理；gas，methane瓦斯dailyoperation日常工作singleoperation单一工序unitoperation单元作业auxiliaryoperation辅助作业cuttingn.切割，掏槽；blastingn.爆破loadingn.装煤haulv.运输，搬运drainagen.排水powern.动力powerSupply动力供应communicationn.通讯lightingn.照明。disruptioninproduction停产；reductioninproduction减产；compromise折衷roomandpillar房柱式byfar到目前为止

incommonwith…和样undergroundmining井工开采outcrop露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut联络巷、石门；drift平硐；entry平巷；developmentstage开拓阶段；productionstage生产阶段；face工作面。continuousminer连续采煤机；haulagecapacity运输能力；mainentry主巷。Chapter3.2MinePreplanningHercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯,大力神-->Herculean,adj.力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculeaneffort巨大的努力inadequacyn.不足，缺乏。transportationfacility运输barrierpillar隔离煤柱；buttentry区段平巷；propertyline矿井边界线。shearer滚筒采煤机planer，Plow刨煤机surfacemining露天开采augermining螺旋钻开采rapidexcavation快速掘进hydraulicmining水力采矿undergroundgasification地下气化oceanmining海洋采矿inflationaryadj.通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的<--inflationn.胀大,通货膨胀,（物价）暴涨<--inflatev膨胀，充气。inflationaryprocess通货膨胀过程设备driveup抬高，提高driveinto掘进到…1Billion=1，000，000，000into掘进到…befacedwith面临monumentaladj.[用以加强语气]非常的,极端的<--monumentn.纪念碑coalreserve煤炭储量electromechanicaladj.机电的?electro(电子的）+mechanical（机械的）electromechanicalmineoperation矿井机电作业staffv.雇用，聘用seasonv适用，适应coordinaten.坐标。v.（使）互相配合，（使）协调，调整。amultitude（n.多数，多量）of大量capitalinvestment基本建设投资。资。foremost最主要的，最重要的，10亿。Mtmetricton公吨。=500milliontons?=1milliontonputintooperation投产，投入使用raise筹集thelifeoftheproperty矿产/井的使用年限。commercialvalue市场价值，商业价值。forconvenience为了方便其见minability可采性marketability适销性，可销性coalreserve煤矿nominal，名义上的,极小的。option买卖选择权,优先购买权enterupon开始preliminaryexamination初步operatingmine生产矿井案的totheextentthat达到这种程preferred优先〔选用〕的，首度以致...；就...来说；在...选的方面来说；traverse导线。adjacentto邻近的traversewithcompass罗盘定surfacetopography地面地形，位。表面地形systemsurveying系统测量coalfield煤田sampling采样measure层组haveabearingon对…有影响，coal-bearingmeasure含煤地层与...有关feature特征；地貌。)available有效的，可用的structuralfeature构造特征pricingschedule定价方案surfaceimprovement地面上的preparationtreatment洗选加改造工tilledarea耕地selectiveadj.有选择性的,选择reservoir水库的powerline电力线，输电线amasterplanofoperation总reservationn.保留地；自然保体生产计划。护区serveas用作，作为，起到…作调查onrecordn.留有记录的,记录在

用basis基础，根据，依据operatingmanagement经营管理since引导原因状语从句部门，经营管理justify调整，证明，证明…是lifeexpectancy预期使用年限，正确的，使用寿命prospecting勘探deliveryofsupplies材料供应drillingpattern钻孔布置，钻estimateofthecost成本估计孔图式salesdepartment销售部门basicmap底图，基本地图logsheet钻孔柱状图tabularadj.<==tableChapterMinedevelopmentportal井筒expectedlifeofthemine矿井的设计使用年限railhaulage轨道运输aswellas即…又…beof+n.具有…（性质）drift平硐shaft立井，竖井tabularrecord表格记录slope斜井

mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井transferhouse中转煤仓headframe井架hoisthouse提升机房，绞车房skip箕斗cage罐笼cardump卸煤设备storagebin井底煤仓deplete耗尽、衰竭whether…or…是…还是…pressuredropneteffectcapitalcostpressuredropneteffectcapitalcostChapter基建费用Wallingsystemintroductionworkingface工作面coalface：采煤工作面interconnection：切眼panelentry：区段平巷gateentry：工作面顺槽headgate：区段皮带巷，运输巷tailgate：区段轨道巷，回风巷headentry：工作面运输巷（下顺

槽）tailentry：工作面回风巷（上顺槽）bleederentry：区段回风巷cross-cut：联络巷gob,goaf：采空区end:端头Longwallmining长壁采矿法Shortwallmining短壁采矿法pillarsystem.柱式系统longwallminingonstrike走向长壁采煤方法mininginadvance/walladvancingmining前进式采煤方法mininginretreat/wallretreatingmining后退式采煤方法inclinedlongwallmining倾斜underhandmining俯采overhandmining仰采Coalminingmachine,coal-gettingmachine采煤机；Shearer，滚筒采煤机Plow，planer刨煤机Faceconveyor工作面运输机Panline,”溜子”Chainconveyor链式运输机Scraperchainconveyor刮板输送机Armoredchainconveyor铠装运输机Roofsupportsystem:顶板支护系统Frictionprops:摩擦支柱Frictionmetalprops:摩擦支柱长壁开采Single/IndividualhydraulicHydraulicprop:液压支柱

运输机长壁开采Single/IndividualhydraulicHydraulicpoweredself-advancedsupport：液压自移式支架roofsupport顶板支架stageloader：转载机panelbeltconveyor区段皮带electricalcontrol电力控制装置/设备hydraulicpump液压泵站blastminingtechnology爆破ChapterGroundcontrol工作面周围地层：Overlyingstrata上覆地层：Mainroof老顶，基本顶Immediateroof直接顶Gob采空区--Face—rib（煤壁）Floor底板conventionallymechanizedminingtechnology普通机械化采煤fullymechanizedminingtechnology综合机械化采煤fullymechanizedminingwithsublevelcavingtechnology综采放顶煤方法Groundcontrol顶板处理方式：(1)Caving；(2)Pack。Stable切口，机窝deadwork准备工作，非生产性Underlyingstrata下伏地层MobilebeltconveyorUnderlyingstrata下伏地层Mobilebeltconveyor可移式胶Noexception无一例外regularmaintenancen.日常修理,定期检修Downtime停工期（由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间）,停工时间,停机时间Clearance空隙Immediateareaoftheface：工作面的直接区域Ribline煤壁线，腰线heading掘进头，平巷uptodip沿倾斜上行Compressionstrength压缩强度Underlyingstrata下伏地层bedseparation离层Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian，弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效，适用Angleofattack冲角virginconditions原始条件；HarderroofstrataSoftercoalseam――uniformlydistributedstress，theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbymining采动引起的Stressdistribution应力分布Deflect偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂Cavein冒顶，垮落Frontabutmentpressure前方支承压力Sideabutmentpressure侧向支承压力Rearabutmentpressure后方支承压力前方支承压力：Noabutmentpressure分布范围：Noabutmentpressure150mfirstfelt/occur出现，有反应，有感应；45－60mpickupslightly略有增长，略有加速；15－21mincreaserapidly迅速增长；-5m支承压力峰值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure峰值大小：overburdernweight后方压力：verticalpressurefacearea：farbelowthecoverloadgobarea：graduallyincreaseatlast：thecoverload范围：theoverburdenthickness.SideabutmentFirstfelt：Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范围：fromtheribto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure：Magnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空区稳定--?slip,sag,separate--?caveinFacearea工作面区SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal实体煤Chapter4.3RoofsupportsystemFace-to-gobdistance控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。Yieldpressure屈服压力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面距Precut预切割Frames节式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram双作用千斤顶Webcut截深Shields掩护式支架Doublelink双键Lemniscate双纽线，四联杆Roofcanopy顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg，prop立柱canopy顶梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩护梁flipper，spaulingshield护帮板slider,jackboard插板ram，cylinder，jack千斤顶hose油管emulsion乳化液valve阀supportyielding支架卸载ChapterLongwallcoal-gettingmachineminer，miningmachine采煤机motor电动机、马达continuousminer连续采煤机electricmotor电机shearer滚筒采煤机haulagegearcase牵引部cutterdrumgearcase滚筒截drum滚筒割部ranging-arm摇臂bedplate底盘、底座gear齿轮controlunit控制装置track轨道chain链条geartrack齿轨reducinggearbox减速箱gearcasen.齿轮箱pillboard挡煤板Rotor转子cowl挡煤板ChapterConveyingsystemflexibleflightconveyor/middlesections中间部facechainconveyor工作面可linepan溜槽弯曲刮板输送机flight/scraper刮板maincomponents主要部件linkchain刮板链endlessdrivehead机头部chain无极链electricmotor电动机机尾部tailendHydrauliccoupling液力联轴器机尾架Driveendframespeedreducer减速器链轮sprocketchainwheel/sprocket链轮附属装置auxiliary挡煤板spillboard/spillplate（cowl罩，外壳）铲煤板rampplate千斤顶jackchaindrive链式传动：classificationaccordingtochainarrangement双边链doublestrandoutboardchain三链triplestrandchain单中链singlemiddlechain双中链doublemiddlechain新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直转弯式roller-curvefightconveyor转载机TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor桥式转载机（bridge）stageloader区段皮带输送机Maincomponents皮带belt托辊roller支撑托辊supportingroller机架frame传动装置driveunit电动机electricmotor联轴器coupling减速器speedreducer滚筒drum卸载滚筒unloadeddrum机尾导向滚筒tailguidedrum拉紧滚筒take-updrum机尾导向滚筒guidedrum拉紧装置take-upunits制动装置Brakingdevices采区运输系统：Frontunloadingwagon上山rise下山dipDipangle<15°beltconveyor15<Dipangle<25°chainconveyorDipangle>25°ceramicconveyor水平运输系统水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor矿车trolleywagons机车locomotive电力机车trolleylocomotive蓄电池机车batterylocomotive矿车wagon固定箱式矿车Fixedboxwagon底卸式矿车Bottom-dumpwagon立井提升系统矿井提升系统Minehoistsystem提升机Enginehoist钢丝绳wirerope天轮headsheave（n.滑轮）箕斗skip辅助运输auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、设备、矸石、人员副井AuxiliaryshaftSimilartomainshaft罐笼Cagehoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallyTippingbucketwagontransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteistransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaulthewagonstotransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采区上下山districtriseanddipChapterVentilationsystem风机：Ventilationfan回风井：Returnshaft进风井：Intakeshaft1）有极绳提升Directropehoistdipangle：8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车（winch）放出和收回。2）无极绳提升Endlessropehoistdipangle:<10区段运输Tailentry：wagons＋wireropeOverheadmonorail单轨吊OverheadendlessropehoistTransferconveyor转载运输机Stageloader桥式转载机Rollercurveconveyor滚轴转弯运输机WorkingfaceIntakeworking回风巷道：ReturnroadwayAirflow固定滚筒双向截割采煤机乏风：Dirtyairfixed-drumbi-directional回风系统：shearer抽出式通风：Exhaust单滚筒可调高采煤机ventilationsingle-drumranging-arm负压negativepressureshearer压入式通风：Forcedventilation双滚筒可调高采煤机正压Positivepressuredouble-dramranging-arm风机类型：shearer离心式风机：Centrifugalfan；矿井瓦斯：minegas轴流式风机：Axialflowfan。瓦斯：gas，methane，firedamp通风设施：VentilatingAllhazardousgasesinstructuresundergroundcoalmines,its风墙：VentilationwallmajorcomponentisCH4.风门：AirdoorColorless,odorless,风桥：Airbridgenonpoisonous,Combustible.AirregulatorItsdensityislessthanthat防尘、灭尘：Dustsuppressionoftheair,soitoftenwaterspray洒水，mistsprayaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯控制Chapter5PillarsystemTwodistinctphasesofoperation：Firstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling钻眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosmallforefficientloading.Blasting爆破explosivesareGassymine高瓦斯矿井loadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn.起爆Loading装煤shuttlecar?sectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。Continuousminingmethod.连续采煤方法Icontinuousminer＋shuttlecar连续采煤机＋梭车工艺＋sectionbeltconveyor＋roofbolting间断运输工艺IIcontinuousminer＋(intermediate)conveyors连续采煤机＋输送机工艺＋sectionbeltconveyor＋roofbolting连续的运输工艺Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod开端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillar?blocks?lifts/slices煤柱――块――切块Coalproperty煤矿Area盘区Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.设计Slough脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush压碎Afunctionof是…的函数，随…而变。Relativestrength相对强度Clearance净空BlockofcoalRoomworkCuttingconsequence切割顺序Faceminingcycle工作面开采循环Miningpractice开采Colloquial[kE5lEukwiEl]adj.口语的,通俗的Dictate规定，制定Outline形成…轮廓Incorporate…as…Ample充足的，丰富的solidworkchainpillar巷道煤柱lessen减少，减轻concurrentlyn.同时发生地,并行地lift小煤块、slice切块physicalconditionn.实际条件post柱子，支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱，窄煤柱handloading人工装载commonpractice惯例inplace就地，原地；在地层内rideover骑马来，跨在…上masonryn.砖石工程,砖石建筑砌筑。Masonrystopping砌筑风墙Canvasstopping帆布风帘LineBrattice纵向风障Loadingstation装车点Chapter6Roadwayexcavationandsupport1Roadwaysection巷道断面掘进drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘进Drifting巷道掘进roadwayexcavation平巷掘进n.drifting、L[4、仃4・I・沉井，凿井n.sinking上山掘进n.raising下山掘进n.Theshapeofroadwaysection断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions，theservinglifeandsupportingmaterials.井筒Shaft,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal顺槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidalThesizeofroadwaysection断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorotherdevicesused，anditismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.净宽，netwidth；净高netheight；净断面面积netsectionarea。2Roadwayexcavationinrocks岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blastingexcavation装岩，除渣：mucking

掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线oworkworkworkTheexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbreaking,loading,haulageandsupport,andauxiliaryincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.work1）Breaking破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.（1）drillingDrilln.钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg气腿式钻机Air-jacklegdrill架式钻机Drifter钻车，凿岩台车Jumbo,drillcarriage湿式钻进Wetdrilling干式钻进Drydrilling钻孔borehole2)Blasting爆破炸药：Explosive装药：Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆：detonate?雷管：detonator；电雷管：electricdetonator炮眼布置方式：drillingpattern周边眼：trimhole掏槽眼：cuthole辅助眼：auxiliaryhole顶眼：roofhole帮眼：flankhole底眼：Bottomhole起爆顺序：firingsequenceCut?auxiliary?roof&flank?bottomThetypeofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距的确定。Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。

Fan风机Airpipe风筒loadingandhaulage装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovelmucker耙斗装岩机Scrapermucker机车＋矿车Locomotive＋wagonssupport支护传统的煤层平巷掘进法3Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘进1)conventionalexcavationofcoaldriftBreakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式电钻：handheldelectricdrillloading:传统的煤层平巷掘进法handloading人工装煤scrapermucker：耙斗装煤机coalloader：装煤机扒抓，蟹抓2gathering-arms刮板输送机：1scraperconveyor2)综掘fullymechanizedexcavation(1)gatewaymachine平巷掘进机组成：掘进头，（boom）cutterhead，cuttinghead装煤装置：loadingmechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板输送机：scraperconveyorhaulage：othercylinders，controlcutterhead皮带输送机：beltstage-loadermechanism履带行走装置：crawlertravelmechanism支撑千斤顶：supportingcylinders，用来固定机器液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作：操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离（切割头的直径），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:circular,horseshoe,archedandrectangular.（2）continuousminer连续采煤机roofbolter锚杆安装机，锚杆机。Theroofbolterisarubber-tiredvehicleusedtodrillandinsertboltsintotherooftosupportit.锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。4Roadwaysupporting巷道支护永久性支护：permanentsupport临时性支柱：temporarysuppo