版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
介绍雅思写作水平自测Test1:词汇量测试1.08年12月6日A类Memorisationofinformationbyrotelearningplaysaroleinmanyeducationsystems.Doestheusefulnessofthismethodoutweighthelimitations?2.08年9月27日A类Poorstudentsorstudentswhocomefromruralareasoftenfinditdifficulttogainaccesstotheuniversityeducation.Peoplethinkuniversitiesshouldmakeiteasyforstudentsfromthesebackgroundstostudyatcollege.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?3.2008年9月6日A类Oncechildrenstartschool,teachershavemoreinfluenceontheirintellectualandsocialdevelopmentthanparentsdo.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?如此部分有问题:在词汇量上存在着严重的不足,具体体现为在因为在考试中无法正确看懂题目而导致作文偏题,这种情况下作文得分为4分的可能性已经超过了80%!解决方案当然是尽快恶补词汇,具体方法如下:将最近3年考过的所有真题通读一遍,你会发现有相当部分的题目重复率较高,每隔一段时间会反复出现。请把你在通读真题的过程中所有不认识的生词记录下来,每天熟读之直到完全记住。由于雅思作文考来考去就这么些题目,题目当中用来用去就这么点单词,因此搞定历年真题里的所有生词考试的时候基本上就不用担心看不懂题目的情况发生。Test2:写作速度测试请从上面提供的3个真题中任选一题完成一篇完整的雅思议论文。要求字数250字以上,且必须在40分钟内完成。这部分有问题的考生同样面临着作文4分的危险。要知道考官看到字数不足或没写完的文章是一律按4分处理的。因此对于你们来说目前最重要的是狂练写作速度。做过统计,一般第一次写雅思大作文的学员平均要花1个小时的时间,但随着练习次数的增加,写作速度也会相应提高,基本上每写一篇文章速度可以提高5分钟/篇。也就是说如果你现在要花1小时才能写完一篇大作文的话,再写4-5篇基本上就可以把速度练出来了。Test3:语法及词汇正确率测试前两步过关的同学说明你至少已经具备了5分的水平了。当然作文5分对很多同学来说还是不够的。那有没有达到6分水平呢?通过下面的测试来鉴定吧!以下文章中每一行都有且仅有一个错误,请找出错误并改正。People’sconcernisthatwhateffectspart-timejobswillbring.Apart-timejoboffersyouchancetodemonstrateyourabilityandtoapplythatyouhavelearnedinschoolintopractice.Apart-timejobhelpsyoubecomemoreindependenceinyourfamily.Third,theexperiencethatyougaincanbroadenyourschoollife.However,therearealsosomenegativeeffectsmaybebroughtbytakingpart-timejobs.Youmaylosetimeneedsforsleep,rest,studyandrecreation.Workseveralhoursadayconsumesalotoftimeandenergyandmayaffectyourstudy.Youmayfindithardadjusttotheexpectationfromtheschoolandyourparent.答对8题(含8题)以上者说明已经基本具备了6分的水平,请继续参加Test4挑战7分水平!答对不足8题者说明你目前的水平基本定格在5分左右。具体表现为在语法和单词使用上存在一定的问题,考试的时候很有可能写出病句或把单词用错。Test4:语言地道性的测试能够前进到Test4说明你的英语基础还算不错,至少已经具备了6分的水平了。最后来挑战一下7分吧!以下的句子均来自于雅思高分作文,我翻译成了中文,请试着把它们还原成英语句子。1.一个人的成功是由很多因素决定的,而其中又以一个人的实践能力最为重要。2.每天到处都是交通堵塞,给人们的生活带来极大不便。3.劳动能够让孩子们意识到自己的强项和弱点在哪里,从而激发他们的求知欲。参考答案: 1.6分句:One’ssuccessisdecidedbymanyfactors,andone’spracticalabilityisthemostimportant.7分句: 2.6分句:Everydaytherearemanytrafficjamseverywhereanditmakespeople’slifeveryinconvenient.Everydaytherearemanytrafficjamseverywhereanditbringsgreatinconveniencetopeople’slife.7分句:3.6分句:Laborcanletchildrenknowwheretheirstrengthandweaknessare,andstimulatetheirdesiretostudy.7分句:传统考试分析从以上两幅图中,我们不难发现以下规律:1.
教育类话题占绝大多数,并且在08年稳中有升;2.
工作生活与意识形态类话题跃居第二,数量比07年增长了一倍;3.
传统的热门话题环境与动物保护、科技类话题等仍然比较重要;4.
犯罪类话题虽然题量不大,但08年题量增长迅速,但仍处在正常水平。需要提醒广大考生的是,2008年的话题分布并不能完全代表2009年的话题走向,但有以下两点是肯定的:第一,作为历年雅思A类写作的主导话题,教育类(包括青少年教育和儿童教育类话题)仍然将会占绝对数量。不管参加哪次考试,考生切不可放弃教育类话题的复习。第二,工作生活与意识形态话题的大量增加,反映了雅思写作与日常生活的日益密切。而其中的意识形态类话题因内容抽象,且多为新题,故成为了考试的一个难点。考生应对这些已考话题进行认真思考和准备。第三,切不可迷信所谓“预测”。很多考生考前不认真准备,而将最后的希望“押宝”在最后的考前预测上面,但是进入考场发现真题往往与预测大相径庭,结果反而造成恐慌。雅思考试一共只有十大话题,网上预测每次选取三个话题左右,并配部分例题,话题因为概率较高的原因有时可以预测正确,但是具体的题目往往相差十万八千里。所以提醒考生结合历年真题,熟悉话题并认真进行分类总结,总结出可以共同准备的论据,以做到以不变应万变。个性化模板一.雅思写作必写的几个黄金必杀句!(1)万能反证句 (2)调查句:(3)越来越Anincreasingnumberofpeople/thenumberofpeoplewho**isontherise/agrowingnumberofpeople(4)关注句: Thereisagrowing/anincreasingconcern/awareness(知道)/realizationof/that/thereisawidespreadconcernover(5)结论句二.自我训练1精读:仔细阅读范文,欣赏并标出精彩的用词和句型,体会上下文中表达的精妙,提高对精彩语言的敏感度,要多写,多记。范文学习的3大方面:语言:词汇、词组、句型;结构:框架结构、关联词、同义替换;内容:精彩观点、段落的拓展方式选择范文进行精读训练的误区:(1)盲目模仿剑桥系列上的范文。剑1到剑6每本书后面都有几篇考官写的范文,因此语言当然都相当地地道,的确有值得借鉴之处。但我看到很多同学都是从上面大段大段地背文章,这就比较恐怖了。因为:(a).你背了剑桥上面的段落或句子考试的时候用到你的文章里,考官一看就认出来了,说不定你背的东西正是他(她)亲手所写的呢。雅思作文考试还是很强调语言的原创性的!(b).剑桥上的范文要学人家的语言,千万不要学他的结构!可以上剑桥上大部份的范文行文结构和一般我们自己写的议论文相差很大。一般国内我们看到的范文每一段目的都非常明确:开头用来介绍背景引出观点,主干部分分正反两方面分析观点,结尾重申结论。剑桥上的范文则给人感觉比较“跳跃式思维”,没有固定的模式。这是因为写这些范文的考官有意识地要避免自己写的范文结构“有迹可循”,试想,如果剑桥上的范文每一篇结构都是固定的一种结构,势必造成所有的考生都把这一结构当成“神的结构”来顶礼膜拜,进一步造成所有考生写的雅思作文结构完全同一化,考官还不怎么好扣分:因为所有人用的结构都是你考官自己用的,扣分的话岂不是自己打自己嘴巴?
(2).
一味追求高难文章。如果你看到一篇“范文”整篇文章根本没几个字是你认识的,每句话都是像雅思阅读里的长难句那么长,还用了对仗,押尾韵什么……..基本上你可以放弃这篇文章,因为里面的东西绝对不是短期能学到的。2背诵:背精彩词汇,背精彩句型,背精彩框架,,通过背诵完成从欣赏到掌握的过程,别人的变成自己的。3默写:背诵熟练之后默写下来,仔细对照原文,会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别,这些区别就是你的写作弱点,学习关键在于针锋突破,不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在,把这些弱点意义克服,分数自然就会提高。4互译:英文中文;中文英文,与原文核查核对,发现自己不足,纠正提高。使自己逐步写出规范的语言,达到和原文作者相似的水平。5效仿:在范文中学到的单词,词组,句型,框架放在新的语境下模仿创作,造句写作。在新的作文中保留一定闪光点。范文学习Thereisanincreasingnumberofjuveniledelinquents.Analyzethepossiblecausesthatgiverisetothisphenomenon,andoffersomefeasiblerecommendations.
SampleAnswerIncontemporarysociety,accordingtoarecentsurveywhichisconductedbyafamousinternationalorganization,currentlythenumberofjuveniledelinquentsisontherise.(或者theincreaseinthenumberofyoungpeoplewhocommitcrimesisaccelerating,whichhasarouseddeepconcern.)Carefuldeliberationoftheproblemwithwhichweareconfrontedhasgivenmeseveralideasastowhythisshouldbesoandthisessaywillalsooffersomesolidsolutionstosuchaphenomenon.Inthefirstplace,theincreaseinjuveniledelinquencyistheresultoftherisingdivorcerate.Whensomeparentsdecidetoseparate,anoverwhelmingmajorityofthemdonottakeintoaccounttheinfluenceontheirchildren.Childrenwhoseparentsseparatearenotproperlytakencareof,andsomeofthemmayfeelthattheyhavebeenabandonedbytheirparentsandthewholesociety.Consequently,theminorsareeasilyledastraybyevildoerswhofeartocommitcrimesbythemselves.Inthesecondplace,theintensifyingpressuretocompeteamongchildrentogotoabetterschoolmakestheproblemworse.Youngsterswhofailinthevariousentranceexaminationsaredeprivedoftheopportunitiestogetapropereducation.Then,sincetheyaredevoidofthenourishmentofeducationandaschoolenvironment,theybecomefullofresentmentatasocietywhichtheyfeelhasrejectedthemandtheyevenbegintodoharmtothestrangers.Lastbutnotleast,youngpeople'sinexperienceandimmaturityeasilyleadthemintotraps.Withouttheproperguidanceandprotectionofadultsandschools,theymaybecomeindulgedintheillusoryworldofelectronicgames,on-linechatorevenpornography.Suchalienationfrompropersocialvaluesmayleadtocrime.Nevertheless,itiscertainthatifthewholeofsocietypaysmoreattentiontothesoundgrowthofteenagersandotheryoungsters,thejuvenilecrimeratewillundoubtedlybebroughtdownandcontrolledinashortwhile.分项突破语言1.词汇2.句子一、原则一:宁简勿错雅思写作七宗罪1.Employercanbenefitmorefromtelecommutingthanemployee.
2.1Workathomeusingmoderntechnologycangreatlyenhanceourefficiency.2.2Childrenwhoareraiseinimpoverishedfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreeffectivelyintheiradultyears.
2.3Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontaminationisveryhardtoresolve.
2.4Inpresent-daysociety,cultureswerebecomingverysimilar.
3.Intelligentstudentsshouldnotbetreateddifferentbytheirteachers.
4.1Countriesshouldpayattentiononthedisadvantagesglobalizationmaycreate.
4.2TheInternethasinsteadofteachersinmanyclassrooms.
5.Someparentsdonotobeytrafficruleshimself.
6.Theseoldbuildingsshouldbedestroyed,newbuildingsmustbeconstructed.
7.Theseareagreatmanychildrenthinkthemainpurposeofeducationshouldbetoaffordthempleasureandenjoyment.
二、原则二:越长越好如何将短句子写长我们的口号:千招会不如一招熟!熟练使用,必定招招致命!定语从句、插入同位语任何一个名词后面都可以加上一个定语从句对之进行解释任何一个句子后面都可以加上一个非限制性定语从句,表示一个结果Honestmerchantswillsufferagreatdestruction.例2、Officialshavebuilthighways.(4个单词)Inrecentyears,theresponsible,hard-workingandwarm-heartedofficialshavebuiltagreatnumberofhighwayswhichhavebroughtmuchconveniencetothelocalcitizens.(拉长后25单词)例1中短句拉长的步骤:1)在句首,加上时间状语inrecentyeas2)在名词officials前面加上responsible,hard-working,warm-hearted三个形容词修饰它3)在名词highways后面加上定语从句whichhavebroughtmuchconveniencetothelocalcitizens.例3Factorieshavedischargedgasandliquid.(6个单词)Withaviewtoreapgreatprofits,thenewly-builtchemicalfactorieshavedischargedharmfulandevenpoisonousgasandliquid,whichhadaseriouslynegativelyimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.(拉长后31个单词)例2中短句拉长的步骤:1)在句首,加上目的状语Withaviewtopreservethemarineresources2)在名词factories前面加上两个修饰形容词newly-built和chemical3)在名词gasandliquid后面上加上一个定语从句whichhadaseriouslynegativelyimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.例4有些人可能沉溺于网\\上冲浪,这会危害他们的身心健康。Somepeoplemaybeaddictedtonetsurfing,whichimpairstheirphysicalandmentalhealth.越来越高的离婚率将引发一系列的问题,这受到大众的极大关注。Theincreasinglyhighdivorceratewillcauseaseriesofproblems,whichdeservesgreatpublicattention.(2)并列结构,排山倒海
比如:givesupportandassistanceto…
…benefitfromtheeducationandinstruction.
…developandpromotetheeconomicgrowth.Honestywinstrust,respectandhonorfromothers.Wehavetoworkhardtoenlargeourknowledgeandrealizeourpotential成功句(90%的作文都可以用上)(3)数据支撑:调查句(4)套话凑数①、Thereisnodenyingthefactthat+S+V...(不可否认的...)②、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~(全世界都知道...)③、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~(毫无疑问的...)④、Itisconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)Itisobvious/apparentthat+句子(明显的)例句:1.人们普遍认为,广泛的文化交流在许多方面对各国人民有好处。Itisuniversallyacknowledged(recognized)thatextensiveculturalexchangedoesgoodtopeoplefromvariousnationsinmanyways.2.人们通常认为,一个人如果没有在现实生活中经历逆境和困难,他意志就决不能变得足够坚强。Itisgenerallyacceptedthatwithoutexperiencinghardshipsanddifficultiesinreallifeonecanneverbecomestrong-mindedenough.3.人们必须承认,就青少年来说,一个充满竞争的环境对于生活技能的锻炼来说是必要的。Itmustbeadmittedthatacompetitiveenvironmentisnecessaryforthepracticeoflifeskillsonthesideofteenagers.4.不可否认的是,旅游业的过度发展可能会破坏某些风景区的生态平衡。Itcannotbedeniedthattheovergrowthoftourismmaydisturbtheecologicalbalanceofsomescenicresorts.5.众所周知,体育锻炼能够提高和增进我们的身心健康。Itiswellknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveandenrichourphysicalandmentalwell-being.6、可想而知,随着社会经济的发展,竞争将更加剧烈。Itisconceivablethatwiththerapiddevelopmentinsocietyandeconomy,competitionisbecomingincreasinglyfierceandacute.
(5)巧用插入Suzhouisabeautifulcity.ItcannotbedeniedthatSuzhouisabeautifulcity.Suzhou,asisknowntous,isabeautifulcity.People,bothyoungandold,cannotavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisement.(二)、原则二:多变原则1、无灵主语:不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头a)ManypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.b)Itiswidely(commonly)thought/believed/held/acceptedthatbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.a)Moreandmorepeopleagree(realize/areaware)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.b)Thereisagrowingagreement(realization/awareness)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.c)Anincreasingnumberofpeopleagreethat…d)theincreaseinthenumberofthosewhoagreethatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmenisaccelerating.a)ManyChinesepeoplehavegonetotheU.S.inthepast15years.b)Thepast15yearshavewitnessedthefactthatmanyChinesepeoplewenttotheU.S..2、宁被动不主动:不要千篇一律的使用主动态a)WeshouldmakegreateffortstoimproveourEnglishb)GreateffortsshouldbemadetoimproveourEnglish3、宁否定不肯定:不要总是用肯定句来表达,要学会用否定句来表达肯定的意思。即双重否定=肯定a)Everyyoungboyandgirlwantstoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.b)Thereishardlyayoungboyandgirlwhodoesn’twanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.a)Everyonelongstodisplaythebestselfandimpressothers.b)Thereisnoonebutlongstodisplaythebestselfandimpressothers.
没有人不渴望展现最好的自我以给他人留下深刻印象。练习:1.Thereis1)a.Therearemanypeoplewhoprefertogobybike,becausetheyarenotsatisfiedwithbusservice.b.2)a.Therearemoreandmorepeoplewhorealizethecloseconnectionbetweenenergypopulation.b.3)a.Therearefewandfewgreentreesinmanybigcities,whiletherearemoreandmoreconcretebuildings..b.4)a.Therearefewerandfewercitizenswholiketoseefilms.b.5)a.Therearemanypeoplewhocomplainofseverehousingshortages.b.2.People、I、We1)a.Peoplebegintodiscussthepossibilityofabolishingexaminationsenthusiastically.b.2)a.Peoplethroughoutthecountryhavegreatlydemandedallkindsofnutritiousfoods.b.3)a.Peopleshouldrealizethedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthesmokinghabit.b.4)a.Wewillneverforgetthislesson.b.5)a.Wecertainlyshouldmakegreatefforts.b.3.Because,Becauseof1)a.Becausethedecisionrecognizesthefactthatstudentsaretryingtoputanendtothecheatingonthecheatingonthecampus,sotheyallwelcomeit.b.2)a.Becauseonecannotknowwhatkindofknowledgewillbemoreusefulinthefuture,sohecannotmakeasoundchoiceintakingschoolcourses.b.3)a.Becausemanypeopledesiretolearnforeignlanguages,thereappearmanylanguageschools.b.4)a.Becausetheenergyisbecominglessandless,wehavetofindawaytosolvethisproblem.b.5)a.Becausetodayisourteacher’Sbirthdayweholdapartytoshowhonortohim.b.4.If1)a.Ifyoucomparethetwomethodscarefully,youwillfindthedifference.b.2)a.Ifweunderstandthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowth,wewillhaveacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.b.3)a.Ifthereisnowastenorpollution,mancancertainlysurvive.b.4)a.Ifweonlyapplybookknowledge,wewillnotgetgoodresult.b.5)a.Ifourparentsdon'tcontrolchildrenstrictly,theirpotentialswillbefullydeveloped.b.5.When1)a.whentheoldworkerseesheisgoingtoretire,hebeginstoworryverymuch.b.2)a.Whenourteacherhadleft,theheateddiscussionthenended.b.3)a.Whenthereisaslightimprovementintheirchildren'sstudies,theparentswillfeelhappyandproud.b.4)a.Onlywhenoneridshimselfofcomplacencycanhelearnsomething.b.5)a.Onlywhenwemakecontinuouseffortscanwetakeanopportunitywheneveritoccurs.b.6.With1)a.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanhaveaplentifulsupplyoffoodandcommodities.b.2)a.Withtheexpansionofindustry,naturalresourcesaregraduallyexhausted.b.3)a.Withmeimprovementofstandardofliving,evenordinaryfamiliescanaffordcolorTVsets.b.、7.Inorderto1)a.Inordertogetaharmoniousdevelopmentforallstudents,schoolauthoritiesshoulddesignanewprogram.b.2)a.Inordertopreventtheproblembecomingtooserioustosolve,wemusttakeanimmediatestep.b.3)a.Inordertobuildastableandprosperousnation,peopleshouldmakenewefforts.b.8.Moreandmore1)a.MoreandmorepeoplenowprefertostayathomeandwatchTV.b.2)a.Moreandmorepeoplewhobecomericherandrichercanaffordamotorcycle.b.3)a.Moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettesinrecentyears.b.4)a.Moreandmoreteachersareneededwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.b.5)a.Moreandmoretreeshavedisappearedinthecity.b.三、闪光句型1-5为因果句(1)、Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子(...的原因是...)
例句:Thereasonwhyalargenumberofcustomshavealteredagreatdealisthatmostofthemareconnectedwithsomesuperstitiousbeliefs,andtheycannotfitinthisworldwithhighly-developedtechnology.
多数旧风俗习惯都产生了巨大的改变的原因是它们大多与封建迷信有关,与现代社会格格不入。(2)、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~(那就是...的原因)
例句:Itcostsanastronomicalsumoffundtolockupsomanycriminalsandthat’sthereasonwhyimprisonmenthasimposedagreatstrainonthebudgetofanation.
把如此多的罪犯关押起来需要耗费大量资金,那就是为什么监禁已经大大增加了国家负担的原因。(3)、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(如此...以致于...)
例句:Sopervasiveareadvertisementsthatnoonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbythem.
广告是如此盛行,每个人都难免不受它们的影响。(4)、~~~enable+Object(受词)+to+V(..使..能够..)
例句:Communityserviceprogramsenablethegovernmenttorelievethestrainonitslimitedbudget.
社区服务计划有助于减轻政府财政负担。(5)、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,~~~(因为...)
例句:Thankstocoeducationsystem,benigncompetitionandcooperationbetweenmaleandfemalestudentsarerightlyencouraged.由于男女共校的教育体制,异性同学间的良性竞争和友好合作精神得到了发扬。6-8影响句(6)、exertanegative/positiveinfluenceon~~~(对...有很大的影响)
例句:Qualityofcitizensexertapositiveinfluenceonanation’sprosperity.
国民的素质对于国家的繁荣有重大的影响。(7)、dogoodto=bebeneficialto(对...有益),doharmto=bedetrimentalto(对...有害)
例句:Readingdoesgoodtoourminds.读书对心灵有益。
Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。(8)、Poseagreatthreatto~~(对...造成一大威胁)
例句:abortionposesagreatthreattobothwomen’sphysicalandmentalhealth.
堕胎对于妇女的身心健康都会造成巨大威胁。9-10努力句(9)、doone‘sutmostto+V=doone‘sbest(尽全力去...)
例句:schoolsshoulddotheirutmosttoensurethestudents’soundgrowth.
学校应尽全力去确保学生的健康成长。(10)、Sparenoeffortsto+V(不遗余力的)
Developednationsshouldsparenoefforttofinancetheireconomicallydisadvantagedcounterparts.
发达国家应该不遗余力地资助贫国。(11)、The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V~~~
The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V~~~(愈...愈...)
Themorechildrenareencouragedtogetintouchwithvariousaspectsofsociety,themorecomprehensivetheirknowledgewillbe.
越鼓励孩子接触社会的各个方面,他们学习的知识会更全面。(12)、By+Ving,~~can~~(借着...,..能够..)
例句:Byputtingtheresponsibilityintothegovernment’shand,citizenscanenjoyahigherlevelofassuranceinquality.
借着将这种职责放在政府手中,市民在质量上能够享有更高程度的保障。(13)、Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~(我们绝对不能...)
例句:Onnoaccountcanweignorethesignificanceofeducation.
我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 (14)、Itistime+S+过去式(该是...的时候了)
例句:Itistimeweevaluatedtherolesthatmoderntechnologyplaysinourlifefrommorebalancedandobjectiveperspectives.
该是我们从更加公正和客观的角度来评价现代科技在我们的生活中所发挥的作用的时候了。(15)、Thosewho~~~(...的人...)
例句:Thosewhothinkotherwisecontendthatcomputersaredesignedandprogrammedbyhumanbeingstodoallthetranslationworkinacomparativelymechanicalmanner.
那些持反对意见的人争论到电脑是由人设计和编程的,因此只能是较机械地进行语言翻译。(16)、Only...can(只有...才能)
例句:Onlyincitiescanchildrenbewellpreparedfortheirfuturelifeandkeepupwiththetrendoftheworld.
只有在城市里孩子们才能为他们未来的生活作好准备并与世界趋势同步。结构谋篇初探一个通用结构第一段:是introduction首句是引子。末句是提出主题。第一段的傻瓜式写法:写3句话。第一句:介绍社会背景:越来越…。第二句:当提到上面的现象是否正确的时候,人们观点各不相同。第三句:表达自己的观点(一边倒)或者(提出双方的观点)或者告本文将分析原因和解决方案第一段的高级写法引子的写法:(1)当题目的提示很长时:对题目进行同义替换(2)当题目的提示很短时:自设场景:a、强对比b、由大到小c、转折d、问题提出主题的写法:1、不表态2、两边倒3、一边倒4、问题方案中间各段首词是关联词,首句是分论点,之后是分论点的论证(起承转合)1、关联词:顺接和逆接2、分论点的论证(启承转合)末段首词是表示总结的关联词,首句重申总论点,后面是补充说明。1、两边倒:2、一边倒:3、建议:二、3个布局3773的布局:35553布局3753布局第1段3句1-2句是引子3句是主题句同左同左同左同左第2段7句首词是关联词,首句是主题句分论点1+对分论点1的论证分论点2+对分论点2的论证分论点3+对分论点3的论证第2段5句首词是关联词首句是主题句(提出分论点1)之后是用因果链的拓展对分论点1的论证。主题句—>因1—>果1—>果2—>迷茫句第2段7句第1句:陈述你倾向的那一方观点第2句:分论点1第3句:对分论点1的论证第4句:分论点2第5句:对分论点2的论证第6句:分论点3第7句:对分论点3的论证第3段5句首词是关联词,首句是主题句(提出分论点2)之后是用因果链的拓展对分论点2的论证:主题句—>因1—>果1—>果2—>万能反证句。第3段7句第1句:概括自己不太倾向一方的观点。第2句:支持这种观点的理由。第3句:写一句话来解释,支持这个分论点。第4句:写一句话提出这种你不太倾向的观点存在什么不妥的地方。第5句写一句话来解释、支持第四句。第3段7句首词是关联词,首句是主题句分论点1+对分论点1的论证分论点2+对分论点2的论证分论点3+对分论点3的论证第4段5句首词是关联词,首句是主题句(提出分论点3)之后是用因果链的拓展对分论点3的论证主题句—>因1—>果1—>果2—>迷茫句第4段3句首词是关联词,首句是总论点同义改写同左同左第4段3句第1句:概括第三段自己不太倾向的观点。第2句:概括自己更倾向的观点。第3句:提出我们应该怎么做的希望或者就是一句总结。三、3种结构一、两面倒结构适用题目的特点是:给出一种现象,要求考生分析其利弊;或者是给出两种不同观点/做法,要求考生对此发表自己的看法。例如:1.We’llhavetheintelligentmachinerobotinthefuturetodotheworkinsteadofhumanbeings.Statethepossiblebenefitsanddangersofit.2.Somepeopletreatanimalsaspetswhileotherstreatthemastheresourcesoffoodandclothes.Whatisyouropinion?这种类型的议论文在结构上可分四段:引言段引出所讨论的事物或简单交待两种不同观点,但不表明论点;主体部分分两个段落,分别论述两种对立的观点或者事物的利弊,即公说公有理,婆说婆有理;结尾段在主体部分分析的基础上总结全文,得出文章的中心论点。即:引言段:引出所讨论话题(不表明论点)主体段l:opinion1/advantage主体段2:opinion2/disadvantage结尾段:总结全文,给出文章的中心论点这种结构的文章在结尾段中提出中心论点时有两种可能的写法:一种是同意上面所讨论的两种观点中的一种。这时在顺序的安排上,自己不同意的那个观点先说,自己同意的那一方观点后说。这样,考官在文章结尾段看到你的观点时才不至感到突兀。如下例:Topic1:Nowadays1iveanimalsareusedinscientificresearch.Somepeoplethinkitisverycruelandunnecessary.However,othersbelievethatitisjustifiedintheinterestofthehumanbeings.Pleasediscussonbothsides.(2002年3月) Experimentationonliveanimalshaslongbeenaregularpracticeinmedicalscience.Butrecentlythepracticehassparkedabittercontroversyoveritsmoralityinthescientificcommunity.Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.(37words)Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatsuchcruelexperimentsareunnecessary.Accordingtothem,animalshavetherightto1iveonthisplanetjustashumanbeings.Suchexperiments,theymaintain,areinhumanandaresupposedtobelegallyprohibited.What’sworse,experimentationonliveanimalswillspeeduptheextinctionofsomeendangeredspecieswhicharecrucialtounderstandingtheoriginoflifeonearth.Intheireyes,ifweletsuchasituationgoasitis,wedonotknowwhereoursocietyisinthefuture,atthattime,thewholesocietywillsufferagreatdestruction.(迷茫句)Lastly,sincehumanbeingsaredifferentfromtheliveanimalswhichareusedintheexperiment,theinformationobtainedmaynotbeapplicabletoourlife.(141words)However,thereisalsoapro-experimentcampwhobelievesthatexperimentsonanimalsdoagreatdealofgoodtothehealthofhumanbeings.Andexperimentsofthiskindarenotintendedtokillanimals,buttogainsomefirst-handinformation.Withoutusinganimals,medicalresearch,theyclaim,wouldbehardlypossible,whichmayrenderhumanbeingshelplesslyatthemercyofSARSAIDSandotherfataldiseases.Anotherreasonfortheirchoiceissinceanimalsbearacloseresemblancetohumans,eitherinbehaviororinstructure,thereislittlechanceoffindingsatisfyingsubstitutionsforanimals.failuretorecognizesuchafactwhichismentionedabovewillresultinseveralseriousconsequenceswhichweareunwillingtosee.(126words)Iamoftheopinionthatexperimentsonanimalsarenecessary.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatanimalrightsaresupposedtoberespected.It,however,doesnotfollowthatliveanimalexperimentationshouldbebannedaltogether,sincewithouttheanimalexperimentations,wehumanbeingswillbeunderattackofvariousdiseases.whatweshoulddoistominimizethesufferings(65words)共369words如果题目中的两种观点都明显偏激或片面,那么在结尾段中也可超越主体段中的两种观点而采取第三种(往往是更合理的)观点作为文章的中心论点。例如:Topic2:Somepeoplethinktheageofbooksispastandinformationwillbepresentedbyvideo,computer,televisionandfilm.Othersthinkthatbooksandwrittenwordswillbenecessaryforspreadinginformationandcompleteeducation.discussonbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.Withthedevelopmentofnewinformation-transmittingmeans,theroleofbooksisincreasinglyundersuspicion.Somepeopleclaimthatbooksareoutdatedinthishigh-techworldandthusshouldbeputtodisuse.Others,however,arguethatbooksarestillanindispensablemeansofdisseminatingknowledge.0ntheonehand,videos,computers,televisionsandfilmsasmassmediaenjoytheirownadvantages,comparedwithbooks.Mostnoticeably,thesemediaconveyinformationbyvisualandaudiomeans,renderingtheinformationattractivetotheaudienceand,moreimportantly,accessibletotheilliterateorthehandicapped.Besides,modernmediasuchasvideo,computer,televisionandfilmtransmitinformationandknowledgemuchfasterandtoawideraudience.Bycontrast,thewritingandpublishingofabooktakeagreatdealmoretimethanthemakingandtransmissionofavideoorTVprogram.However,bookshaveanedgeoverthehi-techmediainotheraspects.Mostconspicuousisconvenience.Booksareportable,moreaffordableandconvenientlyreadwithoutextraconsumptionofanyothertypeofenergy.Anotheradvantageofbooksoverelectronicmediaistheirdurability,whichenablesthemtocirculateformanyyears.Theyalsoprovetobeahealthierwayofdisseminatingknowledge,withoutanyradiation.Bycontrast,heavyexposuretotelevisionorcomputertendstoimpairtheviewer’shealth,eyesightinparticular.Onbalance(=afterthinkingaboutallthedifferentfactsoropinions),booksandtheelectronicmediabothhavetheirownmeritsanddemerits.Inactualfact,theyarecomplementaryratherthanincompatible.Acombinationofthetwomeanswillbetterfacilitateourpursuitofknowledge.(259words)结构评析:引言段简要提及关于知识媒介的两种观点;主体部分分为两个段落,分别阐述两种高科技媒介和书本各自的优势;结尾段中提出的中心论点超越了题目中的优劣之争:两种媒介各有优势,应当将二者结合起来。Somepeoplethinkmuseumsshouldbeenjoyableplacestoattractandentertainyoungpeople.Otherthinkthepurposeofmuseumsistoeducate,nottoentertain.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.本题与2006年8月5日题目完全一致。是苏州新东方课堂讲义的P38完全一致,下面就本题提供参考思路。第一段:越来越多的人开始讨论博物馆的功能,有人认为博物馆是有娱乐功能的,另外一些人认为只是教育功能。我认为bothsidesholdwater第二段:博物馆的教育功能:(1)通过展示所搜集的有历史价值的物品让观众了解历史(displayingtheitemswhichareofhistoricalvaluewillenabletheaudiencetoknowthepast.\o"Historymuseum(pagedoesnotexist)"Historymuseumscovertheknowledgeof\o"History"historyanditsrelevancetothepresentandfuture.)后面讲解了解历史的对于我们今天行为的意义(本处可以引用老题:历史的价值)(2)科学博物馆围绕着科学成就和科学历史展开,为了展示这些东西,会使用一些互动的节目和展示。有些博物馆是关于计算机,航空,铁路,物理学,天文学,以及动物王国:\o"Sciencemuseum"Sciencemuseumsandtechnologycentersrevolvearoundscientificachievements,andmarvelsandtheirhistory.Toexplaincomplicatedinventions,acombinationofdemonstrations,interactiveprogramsandthought-provokingmediaa
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 停车场扩建钢结构隔层施工合同
- 员工反馈与沟通渠道
- 物流运输可靠性规范
- 水库清淤治理施工合同
- 建筑门窗施工合同:教育设施建设
- 户外用品质量奖评定流程
- 团队协作升级计件奖罚新实践
- 旧城改造工程合同进度跟踪
- 农业计量管理准则
- 云云云金融服务期协议
- 《医学伦理学》课程教案
- 基于RDA5807的数控FM收音机实训论文
- 监控工程竣工验收单
- 荨麻疹-ppt参考课件
- 施工吊篮安全技术管理培训(PPT)
- 2022-2023学年高中政治统编版必修一:第四课 只有坚持和发展中国特色社会主义才能实现中华民族伟大复兴 课件(22张)
- 群文阅读讲座课件
- 汉语拼音教学讲座课件
- 各种样式聘书模板范本
- 重大事故隐患治理方案-
- 核医学-骨髓显像
评论
0/150
提交评论