典型的江南私家园林-hemeGalleryower

TaskFiveTheArtofClassicalChineseGardens—KeyuanGardenTheArtofClassicalChineseGardensTaskLead-in

TheArtofClassicalChineseGardensinprofile

LingnanGardensKeyuanGardenSimulatedPracticefortourguides

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Whatinformationandexpressiondoyouthinkareneededwhenyouintroducegardenattractions?YoucanpresentyourquestionsinChineseandgiveaquestionlist1.Task3:

Pleasediscusswhatquestionsthetouristsmayasktoatourguideandgiveaquestionlist2.Task1:

PleaseintroducewhatyouhaveseenfromvideoinEnglishasatourguide.ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesTheArtofClassicalChineseGardensIntroductionofTheArtofClassicalChineseGardensinProfile

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ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesTheartofclassicalChinesegardensispartofChina’straditionalculture.ManypeoplesaythatifyouhaveneverwalkedthroughaChinesegarden,youcannotsaythatyouhavereallyvisitedChina.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(1)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesTheartofChinesegardenshasahistoryofmorethan3,000years.NowChinahasabout1,000classicalgardens.DifferentfromclassicalEuropeangardens,inwhichgeometricpatterndominates,Chinesegardensaremadetoresemblenaturallandscapesonasmallerscale.ClassicalChinesegardensfallintotwocategories:imperialandprivate.ThegardensinNorthChinaweremostlyimperialpropertysuchastheBeihaiPark,theSummerPalaceinBeijing,andtheImperialSummerResortinChengde.ThegardensintheSouthusuallybelongedtohighofficialsandwealthymerchants.Manyofthemspenttheiryearsofretirementthereinleisure.

TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(2)①②③Imperialgarden:

TheSummerPalaceASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesImperialgardensarelargeinarea.TheSummerPalace,forinstance,hasanareaof290hectareswhiletheImperialSummerResort,thelargestimperialgardeninChina,coversmorethan560hectares.Mostimperialgardenshavethreesections:theadministrativesection,residentialsectionandrecreationalsection.Inlargeimperialgardens,themainbuildingsareconnectedbyanimaginarylineinthemiddleofthegardenonasouth-northaxis.Otherbuildingsscatteredamonghillsandwatersarelinkedbysubordinatelinesformingawell-designedsymmetryandaddingmorebeautytothechiefarchitecturalcomplex.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(3)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesMostprivategardensarefoundintheSouth,especiallyincitiessouthoftheChangjiangRiver.Privategardensweremostlybuiltatonesideoratthebackofresidentialhouses.Inalmosteverycase,thereisalargespaceinthegardensetinalandscapeofartisticallyarranged.Rockeries,ponds,pavilions,bridges,treesandflowers.Surroundingthebeautifulscenearesmallopenareaspartitionedbycorridorsthroughwhichvisitorscanenjoythescenery.Buildingsinthegardenareopenonallsidesandareoftensituatednearthewatersothatthewholescenecanbeenjoyed.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(4)典型的江南私家园林ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesSuzhou,knownasthehomeofgardens,displaysthemostandthebestChinesetraditionalprivategardens.ThegreatmanygardensinthecityaregoodexamplesofSong,Yuan,MingandQinggardenstyles.

ThetraditionsofChineselandscapegardenshavetheiroriginsfarbackinhistory.RecordsoftheHistorian,writtenbySimaQianintheWesternHanDynasty(206B.C-5A.D.),tellsusthatintheShangDynasty(16th-11thcenturyB.C.)therewerespecialplacescalled“you”(enclosure)fortherulerstoenjoythebeautyofnature.Oftentheseweregiganticreservesinwhichallkindsofanimalswerekeptandwheretherulersenjoyedhunting.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(5)④ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAfterEmperorQinShihuangunifiedChina,theShanglinGardenwasbuilt.EmperorWuDioftheHanDynastyfollowedthescaleoftheShanglinGardentobuilttheTaiyePond,inwhichtherewerethreerockeries—Penglai,FangzhangandYingzhou.ThislayoutofthreehillsstandinginapondgreatlyinfluencedtheartofgardensforlatergenerationsandbecameoneofthemainmethodsforbuildingclassicalChinesegardens.IntheWesternHanDynastypeoplebegantobuildprivategardens.ThedevelopmentofclassicalChinesegardensduringthe400yearsoftheHanDynastylaidthefoundationfortheartofChinesegardens.

TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(6)⑥⑤上林苑：祭地坛ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesIntheTangandSongdynasties,theartofChinesegardensmatured.PrivategardensintheSongDynastyalsodevelopedrapidly.Theprivategardensweremainlybuiltwithstreamsorhillsorallkindsofplantsandflowersorhallsandpavilions.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(7)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesTheMingandQingdynastieswerethegoldenagesofgardenbuilding.TheimperialgardenYuannmingyuanisregardedasthemasterworkofthisperiod.InthemiddleandthelateMingDynasty,theartistssummeduptheirexperienceindesigninggardensbywritingarticlesaboutgardens,whichlaidthefoundation,intheory,aswellasinpractice,forthe500gardensbuiltinSouthChina,mainlyinWuxi,Yixing,JiadingandNingbo.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(8)⑦ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAChinesegardenisnotjustaparkorsomethingattachedtoabuilding.Itisaworldinminiature.TheartofChinesegardeningisawayofreconstructingnature.Thisisachievedbyrecreatinglandscape.InclassicalChinesegardens,theflowers,grass,trees,rocksandpondsreflectnaturalscenes.Halls,verandas,pavilionsandbridgesblendwellwiththenaturalsceneryofmountainsandrivers.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(9)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesClassicalChinesegardenswereinfluencedbylandscapepaintingandpastoralpoetry.Horticulturistschosethemostimpressivenaturalsceneryinpaintingsandrecreateditintheirgardens,thewayapaintercapturesthenaturalsceneryofmountainsandriversinasmallpicture.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(10)⑧山水画—秦明明强ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesThecreationofclassicalChinesegardensdependedonmountains,rivers,buildings,plants,animalsandeventheweather.Inthesegardensusuallythegroundislikethatofamountainousarea.Thiskindofgardenlayoutimitatesrealterrain.Thehillsinclassicalgardensprovidenaturalsurroundingsforvisitors.Lookingatthehills,peoplefeelasiftheyliveinamountainousareaandenjoythebeautyandserenityofnature.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(11)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesIntheclassicalgardensthatstillexisttoday,onefindsaharmoniousinterplaybetweennatureandarchitecture.Decorativestructuresunitewithcliffs,trees,flowersandhillstocreateartisticscenery.Gardensaresupposedtoresembleasequenceofcontinuallychanginglandscapes.Pathswindthroughthegroundsinazigzagpattern,revealingnewviewsofhalls,trees,bridges,pavilionsandhills.Eveninthemostconfinedplaces,architectshavesucceededincreatingasuccessionofvaryinglandscapes.Forexample,whenoneopensadoorintoasmallcourtyardwithnoexit,hemayfindclumpsofbambooandrockandgetanillusionthataviewishiddenamidstthem.Hemayalsoseeabalustradefixedontopofawallandthinkitbordersahanginggarden.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(12)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesThemostimportantelementofagardeniswater,inanyform,suchasponds,lakes,streams,riversandwaterfalls.Theflowingwatergivespulsatinglifetothegarden’scliffs,stones,trees,bushesandflowers.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(13)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesTreesandflowers,especiallyinprivategardens,arecarefullyselectedfortheoveralllayoutofthegardensbecauseofthelimitedspace.Plantsandflowersreflectingthebeautyofthefourseasonsareplanted.Inspring,peachtreesblossom;insummer,lotusesblossom;inautumn,themapleleaveschangecolor;andinwinter,theevergreen,bamboosandplumtreesprovidegreenery.Amongthemostpopularflowersarelotuses,peonies,chrysanthemumsandorchids.Specialflowersareplantedtoattractbeesorbutterflies.Thesesmallinsectsmakethegardensmorelively.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(14)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAmongthemostimportantstructuresofgardengroundsarewalkways,pavilionsandbridges.Timberframeconstructionplaysadecisiverolehere.Pavilion-likehouseshaveneitheraharshnordominationeffect,butratherblendeffortlesslyintotheirgeneralsurroundings.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(15)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAboveall,itisthewalkwaysthataremostnoticeableingardens.Theytraversethecomplex,subdivideit,connectthedifferentgroupsofbuildingsandleadthevisitortothemostimportantpoints.Longcorridorsinthegardensarenotonlythepassagewaysbutalsoserveasrestingplacesforpeople.Thewindingcorridorsarelikebeltslinkingeverythingtogether.Theyprovideacoveredverandaandfunctionasshelterfromtherainandshadefromthesun.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(16)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesThewallsofthewalkwaysandhousesfeatureopeningsandgatewaysinmanyshapes:roundmoongates,ovalangular,intheshapeofvasesandbottles,etc.Theyofferaviewintothenextcourtyard,intothenextsceneandoftenlookliketheframearoundalandscapepainting.Thefinelatticeworkwhichcanbeseeninwindowsisattractive.Manywallswaveonthetopsotheylooklikeclouds.Lookingatthewalls,onecanimaginethemountainsrisingandfallinginthedistance.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(17)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesPavilionswerebuiltinespeciallyimposingplaces,suchasontopofahilloronasmallislandinthemiddleofalake.Openonallsides,theyofferagoodviewandinvitethevisitortotakeashortrest.Varioustypesofbridgescanbefoundonthegrounds:flatstoneslabbridgesfromwhichonecancomfortablywatchthefishinthewater,higharchedbridgesandswingingbridgeswhichsubdivideandatthesametimeornamentthegrounds.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(18)pavilionswingingbridgeASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesThetechniqueofChinesegardenbuildinghasexertedagreatinfluenceonothercountries.Asearlyasinthe6thcentury,ChinesegardenbuildingwasintroducedintoJapan,wheregardensweregivenChinesenames.Duringthe18thcentury,theBritishdevelopedalandscapeparkaftertheChineseprototype.LatertheenthusiasmforChinese-stylegardensspreadtotheEuropeanContinent.Forexample,twentysuchscenicparkswerebuiltinParis.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(19)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesIn1980,aChinesegardennamedtheAstorCourt(MingXuan)attheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitywasbuilt;later,aChinesegardennamedFanghuaYuanwasconstructedforthe1983MunichWorldGardenExhibitionintheformerWestGermany.AminiaturemodeloftheGardenoftheMasterofNetsinSuzhouwasproducedin1982foradisplayatthePompidouCenterinParis.TheArtofClassicalChineseGardens(20)⑩⑨MingXuanFanghuaYuantheMasterofNetsASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesDifficultWordsandExpressionsTextinhereadministrativeadj.行政的angularadj.有角的;角形的chrysanthemumn.菊花clumpn.一团corridorn.走廊dominantadj.最主要的;占支配地位位的geometricadj.几何的;似几何图形形的giganticadj.巨大的;庞大的horticulturistn.园艺家interplayn.相互作用;相互影响latticeworkn.格子;格子细工layfoundationfor为……奠基layoutn.规划;布局maplen.枫树miniaturen.缩模;微型画noticeableadj.显著的;易见的ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesDifficultWordsandExpressions(2)Textinhereorchidn.兰花ornamentsth.withsth.装点或美化化某物pavilionn.亭子peonyn.牡丹pulsatev.有规律地震震动;脉动recreationaladj.娱乐的;消遣的resemblev.代表rockeryn.假山；有假假山的园林林sequencen.连续；顺序序slabn.石板subordinateadj.下级的；低低级的；不不太重要的的symmetryn.对称；对称称美；匀称称terrainn.地形；地带带traversev.横贯；横切切verandan.游廊；走廊廊；阳台ASimulatedCourseforTourGuides①classicalgardens—古典园林。。中国古典园园林的发展展已有3000多年的历史史，经历了了形成期（（商、周、、春秋战国国、秦汉时时期）、转转型期（魏魏晋南北时时期）、全全盛期（隋隋唐时期））和成熟期期（宋、元元、明、清清时期）等等四个阶段段。中国古古典园林的的最大特色色是：师法法自然、融融于自然、、顺应自然然、表现自自然，体现现了“天人人合一”的的中国民族族文化观念念。Relatedinformation(1)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(2)②ClassicalChinesegardensfallintotwocategories:imperialandprivate.—中国古典园园林分为两两类：皇家家园林和私私家园林。。皇家园林的的特点是规规模宏大，，真山真水水较多，园园中建筑色色彩富丽堂堂皇，建筑筑体形高大大。私家园林的的特点是规规模较小，，常用假山山假水，建建筑小巧玲玲珑，表现现出淡雅素素净的色彩彩。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(3)③ThegardensinNorthChinaweremostlyimperialpropertysuchastheBeihaiPark,theSummerPalaceinBeijing,andtheImperialSummerResortinChende.—中国北方园园林大多是是皇家园林林,如北京的北北海公园、、颐和园及及承德的避避暑山庄等等。中国古典园园林可以有有不同的分分类法。按按占有者身身份可划分分为皇家园园林和私家家园林。这这里讲的是是又一种分分类法，即即按园林所所在地域划划分，可以以分为北方方园林、江江南园林和和岭南园林林。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(4)④you—囿。园林的的最初形式式。最早出出现在商周周时期，即即圈定一个个植被茂密密的区域，，并在其中中筑台掘地地，供帝王王贵族猎狩狩游乐。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(5)⑤ShanglinGarden—上林苑。该该苑引渭水水作长池，，在池中筑筑蓬莱山以以象征神山山仙境。汉汉武帝刘彻彻于公元前前138年在秦代旧旧苑上扩建建，规模宏宏伟，宫室室众多，今今已无存。。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(6)⑥EmperorWuDioftheHanDynastyfollowedthescaleoftheShanglinGardentobuildtheTaiyePond,inwhichtherewerethreerockeries—Peinglai,FangzhangandYingzhou.—汉武帝在上上林苑的基基础上修建建了太液池池，内有蓬蓬莱、方丈丈、瀛洲等等三座假山山。蓬莱、方丈丈、瀛洲是是中国古代代神话传说说中东海中中的三山，，为神仙所所居，总称称“三神山山”。据传传，山上有有长生药，，宫殿都是是用黄金、、白银所造造。在太液液池中修建建三座假山山分别以这这三座神山山命名以象象征神山仙仙境。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(7)⑦Yuanmingyuan—圆明明园园。。始始建建于于1709年，，曾曾多多次次扩扩建建。。它它不不仅仅是是中中国国一一座座最最出出色色的的行行宫宫别别苑苑，，而而且且通通过过传传教教士士的的信信函函、、报报告告和和介介绍绍而而蜚蜚声声欧欧洲洲，，对对18世纪纪欧欧洲洲自自然然风风景景画画的的发发展展曾曾产产生生一一定定影影响响。。1860年，，英英法法联联军军侵侵入入北北京京，，先先是是劫劫掠掠，，继继而而放放火火烧烧毁毁了了这这座座旷旷世世名名园园。。现现在在只只留留下下残残垣垣断断壁壁。。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(8)⑧ClassicalChinesegardenswereinfluencedbylandscapepaintingandpastoralpoetry.—中国国古古典典园园林林受受到到山山水水画画与与田田园园诗诗的的影影响响。。山水水画画是是以以山山川川自自然然景景色色为为主主要要题题材材的的绘绘画画。。魏魏晋晋六六朝朝时时多多作作为为人人物物画画的的背背景景；；隋隋唐唐时时已已有有不不少少独独立立的的山山水水画画制制作作；；五五代代以以后后渐渐趋趋成成熟熟，，成成为为中中国国画画的的一一个个门门类类。。田园园诗诗是是描描写写田田园园或或乡乡村村的的短短诗诗，，内内有有某某种种风风景景要要素素的的描描绘绘或或联联想想。。此此类类诗诗通通常常表表达达对对大大自自然然、、田田园园宁宁静静和和美美的的热热爱爱。。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(9)⑨In1980,aChinesegardennamedtheAstorCourt(MingXuan)attheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitywasbuilt;later,aChinesegardennamedFanghuaYuanwasconstructedforthe1983MunichWorldGardenExhibitionintheformerWestGermany.—1980年，一座座名为““明轩””的中国国园林在在美国纽纽约大都都会艺术术博物馆馆建成；；后来，，一座名名为“芳芳华园””的中国国园林于于1983在前西德德举办的的慕尼黑黑世界园园林展展展出。1979年，美国国纽约大大都会艺艺术博物物馆特聘聘27位中国维维护苏州州园林的的匠师，，仿照苏苏州网师师园内的的殿春簃簃在博物物馆内建建了一座座袖珍的的中国园园林，取取名“明明轩”。。美国纽纽约大都都会艺术术博物馆馆是西半半球最大大的博物物馆。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesRelatedinformation(10)⑩AminiaturemodeloftheGardenoftheMasterofNetsinSuzhouwasproducedin1982foradisplayatthePompidouCenterinParis.—苏州园林林网师园园的袖珍珍模型曾曾于1982年在巴黎黎蓬皮杜杜中心展展出。网师园虽虽是苏州州园林中中最小的的，但却却是我国国古典私私家园林林的代表表之一，，以布局局紧凑、、建筑精精巧和空空间尺度度比例协协调而著著称。巴黎蓬皮皮杜中心心，在法法国巴黎黎市中心心区，距距卢浮宫宫和巴黎黎圣母院院各约1000米，由英英国建筑筑师R·罗杰斯和和意大利利建筑师师R·皮亚诺合合作设计计，建于于1972至1977年间。ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLingnanGardensIntroductionofLingnangardensDifficultWordsandExpressionsAsimulatedpracticefortourguideRelatedInformationASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLingnanGardens(1)Theterm"LingnanGardens"referstothegardencultureoftheentireLingnanregionwhichincludesGuangzhou,Shunde,FoshanandZhaoqing.Theregionisendowedwithauniqueclimate,andisaschoolofitsownintermsoflanguage,theatre,music,paintingandartsandcrafts.TheLingnangardensareuniqueaswell.KeyuanGardenASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLingnanGardens(2)ThenaturalcharactersofagardenareemphasizedintheLingnanschoolofChinesegardenCulture.Mountains,springs,lakesandislandsareputtobestuseintheconstructionofgardensthatlookfreshandlivelyandwideopenandthatalwaysattractvisitorswithanunadornedbeauty.Thelayoutofagardenismappedoutstrictaccordingtoawell-definedconcept.Insteadofdeepcourtyardsandzigzaggingpaths,Lingnangardensareasarulestraightforwardandopenforalltosee.YuyingMountainHouseASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLingnanGardens(3)Buildingsareerectedatcarefullychosensites,andtheirdesignsaresuccinctandsimpleandincheerfulcolors.GracefulandfluentarethewordsforthestyleofLingnan,whichareneitherassplendidasnortherngardensandnorasdelicateandelegantasgardensinthelowerYangtzevalley.QinghuiyuanGardenASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLingnanGardens(4)TheLingnangardenstyleisrepresentedbythefourframedQing-dynastygardensinGuangdong-theYuyingMountainHouseinFanyuofGuangzhou,theKeyuanGardeninDongguan,theLiangyuanGardeninFoshan,andtheQinghuiyuanGardeninShunde.Inaddition,theChengs'AncestralTemplefiguresprominentlyasatypicalancientmansion-typegarden.LiangyuanGarden①ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesDifficultWordsandExpressionsTextinherebeendowedwith具有unadornedadj.没有装饰的的(不加渲染的的,原来的,自然的)

mapout详细制定,筹划erectv.竖立,使...直立,建筑succincta.简洁的ASimulatedCourseforTourGuides①Chengs'AncestralTemple—顺德陈家祠祠顺德兴建祠祠堂,始于宋元,盛于明清。。清代中后后期,大小宗祠遍遍布城乡,为数逾万,构筑宏丽,有“顺德祠祠堂南海庙庙”之誉。。陈家祠坐坐落于佛山山市顺德区区乐从镇南南村,为全市现存存最大的祠祠堂,兴建于清光光绪二十一一年(1895),正式名称为为陈氏大宗宗祠。该祠祠建筑面积积4000平方米,面阔五间,进深三座。。左右有配配殿。祠前前为白石板板小广场,前、中座之之间有大天天井和大平平台,中、后座之之间有丹墀墀式大台阶阶。各座撑撑顶的大木木柱口径70余厘米,高达13米余;里外砖雕、、木雕、石石雕甚多,工艺精美。。现为区文文物保护单单位。RelatedinformationASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAsimulatedpracticefortourguidePleaserepeattheintroductionofLingnanfamousgardensin5or10minutesasatourguide,herearesomepictures.LingnanfamousgardensASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesKeyuanGardenIntroductionofKeyuanGardenNotesAsimulatedpracticefortourguideDifferentwordsASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesKeyuanGardeninDongguan(1)KeyuanGardenisoneofthefourfamousgardensofQingDynasty(1644-1911)inGuangdongProvince.LyinginthewestofDongguan,itoccupiesanareaof2,200squaremeters(0.54acres)inatriangular-shape.Itwasbuiltwithbluebricksin1850byZhangJingxiu,adeposedmilitaryofficer.Since2001,thegardenisunderstateprotectionasanationalculturaltreasure.可园邀山阁阁①ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesKeyuanGardenmeans'agardennottoobadforvisiting'inChinese.Itscreatorwassomewhatonthemodestside.Infact,thegardenisasplendidarchitecturalwork.Itisamultifunctionalgardenwhichjoinsthelivingroom,villa,yard,gardenandstudytogetherskillfullyinalimitedarea.Builtintheclassicalgardenstyle,ithasdozensoftraditionalbuildings,includingpavilions,poolsandbridgesandmostofthebuildingsarenamedwiththewordKe(means'nottoobad'inChinese),suchasKezhouPoolandKetangHall.KeyuanGardeninDongguan(2)可楼可轩可亭可堂ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesThegardencanbegenerallydividedintofourparts:threebuildinggroupsandayard.Thesoutheastbuildinggroupistheplaceforwelcomingtheguests;thewestbuildinggroupwithmanypavilionsistheplaceforfeastingandviewing;andthenorthbuildinggroupistheplacepreparedfortheownertoreside,paint,paradeandrecitepoetry.Whileinthemiddle,thereisabigcourtyardcircledbythesethreegroups.Theyardconsistsofsouthwestandnortheastareas.Thevisitorscanseesomescenicspotsthere,suchastheOrchidPlatform,theBendPool.Aroundtheyard,thereisalongcorridornamedHuanbiCorridorwhichconnectsthethreebuildinggroupstogetherclosely.Walkingalongthecorridor,thevisitorswillencounterallthebeautifulscenesofthegarden.KeyuanGardeninDongguan(3)OrchidPlatformHuanbiCorridorASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesKeyuanGardeninDongguan(4)LikeothergardensinsouthernChina,thebuildings,theflowers,thehillsandthelakesinKeyuanblendwiththesurroundingsharmoniously.Visitorswillbesatisfiedwiththeperfectscenerywherevertheystand.Whenwalkingintothisgarden,theywillfindthatthegardenisinacomplexarrangement.Thepathsextendinalldirections.Thereare130doorwaysand108gatepostsopeningontopavilionsandkiosks.Itislikeabigmaze.Ifthevisitorsarenotcarefulenough,theywilllosethemselvesinthepicturesquegarden.ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesExceptforitsexquisitearchitecturalstyleandenjoyablescenery,KeyuanisknownforitsimportantroleinthemodernhistoryofChinesepaintingandcalligraphy.AlthoughZhangJingxuanwasamilitaryofficer,hemasteredpainting,calligraphy,chessaswellaspoetry.Ashequitworking,heinvitedtwofamouspainters,JuchaoandJulian,topaintinKeyuanallyearround.TheirpaintinglaidafoundationforLingnanSchool(animportantpaintingschoolinChina'spaintinghistorywhichclaimsthatthetraditionalpaintingshouldabsorbthesoulofwesternculturetoimproveitsconnotationtoamodernandpopularaspect.).KeyuanGardeninDongguan(5)③②④ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesDifficultWordsTextinheredeposev.免职,废;作证供证gatepostn.门柱calligraphyn.书法ASimulatedCourseforTourGuides张敬修清广广东东莞莞人。道光（（1821-1850）末补浔州知知府，升右江江道。咸丰五五年（1855）擢广西按察察使。因病回回籍，辟可园园，内储书史史，外莳花木木。素善书、、画，写梅兰兰石，秀逸天天成，笔墨超超绝。卒年四四十一。①ZhangJingxiuNotesASimulatedCourseforTourGuides居巢？--1899清

按寒松松阁谈艺琐录录作居仁，误误。颜所居曰曰今夕庵，番番禺（今广州州）人。尝入入广西张德甫甫按察军幕。。所作尤得江江山之助。山山水、花卉、、鸟禽，皆雅雅秀，草虫尤尤精。书法规规模恽寿平，，工诗词，有有昔邪室诗、、烟语词、今今夕盦读画绝绝句及题画诗诗。卒年六十十余。按巢弟弟廉生于一八八二八，则巢巢之出生当早早于一八二七七，以卒年一一八九九推之之，年应在七七十以上。②JuchaoNotesASimulatedCourseforTourGuides居廉（1828—1904）清朝，，番禺（今广广州）人。巢巢弟。古泉隔隔山老人人。画花卉、、翎毛、草虫虫及人物，设设色妍丽，笔笔致工整，但但乏气韵。长长指头画，尝尝作二十四番番花信图。道道光间，临川川李芸甫（秉秉绶）聘孟丽丽堂（觐乙））、宋藕塘（（光宝）来粤粤教授作花卉卉。丽堂以意意笔挥洒，上上追陈道复，，藕塘设色写写生，明丽妍妍秀。粤画遂遂开二派。杜杜洛川、邓荫荫泉，丽堂派派也。张鼎铭铭、宋子熙，，藕塘派也。。巢廉兄弟出出，初犹学藕藕塘，后乃自自成一家，居居氏花卉又开开一生面矣。。③JulianNotesASimulatedCourseforTourGuides岭南画派是海海上画派之后后崛起的最成成体系,影响响最大的一个个画派。创始始人为,,陈树人,简简称"二高一一陈"。它是是岭南文化至至具特色的祖祖国优秀文化化之一，它和和粤剧、广东东音乐被称为为“岭南三秀秀”，是中国国传统国画中中的革命派，，它有如下特特点：一、主张创新新，以岭南特特有景物丰富富题材；二、主张写实实，引入西洋洋画派；三、博取诸家家之长；四、发扬了国国画的优良传传统，在绘画画技术上，一一反勾勒法而而用“没骨法法”，用“撞撞水撞粉”法法，以求其真真。岭南画画派始于晚清清时期，二高高一陈即为早早期著名创始始人，二高即即为高剑父、、高奇峰，陈陈即为陈树人人，其弟子多多成名家，形形成一海内外外华人都喜欢欢的著名画派派。④LingnanSchoolNotes高剑父高奇峰ASimulatedCourseforTourGuides高剑父(1879～1951),中国近现现代中国画家家、美术教育育家、岭南画画派创始人之之一。名伦,字剑父,后后以字行。1879年10月12日日生于广东省省番禺县,1951年6月22日卒卒于澳门。高高剑父兄弟六六人,他行四四,五弟高奇奇峰,亦善画画,与他同为为岭南画派的的先驱。高剑父NotesASimulatedCourseforTourGuides高奇峰（1889-1933）名嵡嵡，字奇峰，，以字行，广广东番禺（今今广州）人。。晚清画家，，岭南画派创创始人之一，，岭南画派的的美术创作，，在题材上以以翎毛走兽、、花卉、山水水为主，其中中高奇峰、高高剑父两兄弟弟尤喜画鹰、、狮和虎，高高奇峰的绘画画技艺、主张张以及人生经经历均受其兄兄高剑父影响响，作品以翎翎毛、走兽、、花卉最为擅擅长，在艺术术上写生最为为突出，善用用色彩和水墨墨渲染，画风风工整而刚劲劲、真实而诗诗意昂然。二二高兄弟的的山水画，可可以看出马远远、夏圭横砍砍竖劈的传传统，以及日日本画的影响响。高剑父奇奇拔苍拙，高高奇峰则是雄雄健与俊美兼兼而有之。出出版有《三高高遗作合集》》等。高奇峰NotesASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesPleasemakeapresentationaboutLiangyuanGardenin5or10minutesasatourguide,nowherearesomepictures.AsimulatedpracticefortourguideLiangyuanGardenASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesLiangyuanGardenTheLiangyuanGardenisthelargestofGuangdong'sfourmajorQinggardens.CabinetSecretaryLiangAiru,workingtogetherwithhisthreeniecesLiangJiuzhang,LiangJiuhuaandLiangJimu,builtthisgardenonanostentatiousplanin1800,orthefifthyearoftheJiaqingReign.HencethenameLiangyuanorLangs'Garden.ThegardencomprisesfourgroupsofbuildingsthatareelegantpiecesofChinesearchitecture:Twelve-StoneStudios,HanxiangHall,Star-spangledThatchedHall,andFenjiangThatchedHut.Surroundedwithacorridor,itsbuildingsgleamingintherichfoliagetrees,theLiangyuanGardenisabeautifulpictureinitsownright.Ondisplayinthisgardenare80orsostoneinscriptionsofcalligraphicworksbyfamousmastersofvariousdynasties.ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesAsimulatedpracticefortourguideQuestionList1（presentbystudents)Practice(2):PleasesimulatetheguideofKeyuanGardentoeachotherandanswerthequestionsyoupresentinthepartofTaskLead-inQuestionList2（presentbystudents)ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesSimulatedPracticefortourguidesOralPractice

No.1Presentation

No.3Interpretation

No.2ASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesOralPracticeI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Trytosayasmuchasyoucan.QuestionsontextA1.WherearethemostimportantexamplesofChineselandscapegardenlocated?Answers:wyx65wy2.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenthegardensinNorthChinaandinSouthChina’’s?Answers:wyx65wyASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesOralPractice3.HowdoChina’’simperialgardensdifferfromprivategardens?Answers:wyx65wy4.WhyisitsaidthataChinesegardenisaworldinminiature?Answers:wyx65wyASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesOralPractice5.HowisaChinesegardeninfluencedbylandscapepaintingsandpastoralpoetry?Giveexamplestoshowthis.Answers:wyx65wy6.Whatarethemostimportantelementsofagarden?Answers:wyx65wyASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesOralPractice7.PleaseexplaintheevolutionofChinesegardens.Answers:wyx65wy8.ListtheprincipalkindsofChinesegardensandthecharacteristicsofeachone.Answers:wyx65wyASimulatedCourseforTourGuidesInterpretation1、障障景景也也叫叫屏屏景景，，是是造造园园艺艺术术的的传传统统手手法法之之一一。。用用来来分分隔隔景景象象和和组组织织景景象象观观赏赏的的过过渡渡，，常常于于景景象象间间置置以以树树木木、、假假山山、、曲曲廊廊、、漏漏明明墙墙等等，，以以增增加加景景象象层层次次，，从从而而达达到到步步移移景景移移的的效效果果。。Zhanjing,alsocalledpingjing(screen-view),isatraditionaldeviceofChineselandscapearchitecture.Itisusedtoseparatedifferentvistas,andservesasthetransitionbetweendifferentlayersofviewstrees,artificialrockeries,zigzagcorridors,latticewalls,etc,tocreateasenseofspatial