考研英语试题2

考研英语试题及答案考研英语试题及答案考研英语试题及答案2018年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)Example:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes________1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[D].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][■]1.IfIwereinmovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatI________myheadinmyhandsforacry.[A]bury[B]amburying[C]buried[D]wouldbury2.Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheport________halfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.[A]toannounce[B]announced[C]announcing[D]wasannounced3.Accordingtoonebelief,iftruthistobeknownitwillmakeitselfapparent,soone________waitinsteadofsearchingforit.[A]wouldrather[B]hadto[C]cannotbut[D]hadbest4.Shefeltsuitablyhumblejustasshe________whenhehadfirsttakenagoodlookathercityself,hairwavedandgolden,nailsredandpointed.[A]had[B]hadhad[C]wouldhaveand[D]hashad5.TherewasnosignthatMr.Jospin,whokeepsafirmcontrolonthepartydespite________fromleadershipofit,wouldintervenepersonally.[A]beingresigned[B]havingresigned[C]goingtoresign[D]resign6.Soinvolvedwiththeircomputers________thatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.[A]becamethechildren[B]becomethechildren[C]hadthechildrenbecome[D]dothechildrenbecome7.TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis________ananonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.[A]everythingexcept[B]anythingbut[C]nolessthan[D]nothingmorethan8.Onedifficultyintranslationliesinobtainingaconceptmatch.________thisismeantthataconceptinonelanguageislostorchangedinmeaningintranslation.[A]By[B]In[C]For[D]With9.Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto________ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.[A]as[B]which[C]that[D]what10.Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,________theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.[A]be[B]being[C]were[D]arePartBDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterintheracketswithapencil.(10points)Example:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread.“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[C].SampleAnswer[A][B][■][D]11.Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.[A]discard[B]discern[C]disperse[D]disregard12.Itwasno________thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.[A]coincidence[B]convention[C]certainty[D]complication13.OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships________followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.[A]cautiously[B]dutifully[C]faithfully[D]skillfully14.TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe________thewelfareofhisanimals.[A]criticalabout[B]indignantat[C]indifferentto[D]subjectto15.Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.[A]compelled[B]posed[C]pressed[D]tempted16.Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith________.[A]forlong[B]inandout[C]onceforall[D]bynature17.Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresultin________andlackofunityinstyle.[A]conflict[B]confrontation[C]disturbance[D]disharmony18.TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.[A]thrived[B]swelled[C]prospered[D]flourished19.However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.[A]overturn[B]overtake[C]offset[D]oppress20.Becauseofitsintimacy,radioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itis________.[A]firm[B]company[C]corporation[D]enterprise21.Whenanynon-humanorganistransplantedintoaperson,thebodyimmediatelyrecognizesitas________.[A]novel[B]remote[C]distant[D]foreign22.MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.[A]trifledwith[B]scrapedthrough[C]stumbledupon[D]thirstedfor23.Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould________.[A]descend[B]decline[C]deteriorate[D]depress24.Equipmentnot________officialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromtheworkshop.[A]conformingto[B]consistentwith[C]predominantover[D]providingfor25.Asanindustry,biotechnologystandsto________electronicsindollarvolumeandperhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby2020.[A]contend[B]contest[C]rival[D]strive26.TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving________forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.[A]autonomy[B]dignity[C]monopoly[D]stability27.ForthreequartersofitsspanonEarth,lifeevolvedalmost________asmicroorganisms.[A]precisely[B]instantly[C]initially[D]exclusively28.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow________,particularlyinWesternEurope.[A]obscure[B]obsolete[C]optional[D]overlapping29.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust________andneedsproving.[A]spontaneous[B]hypothetical[C]intuitive[D]empirical30.Thefutureofthiscompanyis________:manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.[A]atodds[B]introuble[C]invain[D]atstakeSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)ThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcasesEQ\X\BO(大31家)thetrialofRosemaryWest.InasignificantEQ\X\BO(大32家)oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceaEQ\X\BO(大33家)billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesEQ\X\BO(大34家)andwillstrictlycontroltheamountofEQ\X\BO(大35家)thatcanbegiventoacaseEQ\X\BO(大36家)atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidheEQ\X\BO(大37家)withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnotEQ\X\BO(大38家)sufficientcontrol.EQ\X\BO(大39家)ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecausedaEQ\X\BO(大40家)ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidtheEQ\X\BO(大41家)ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudgesEQ\X\BO(大42家)toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,whichEQ\X\BO(大43家)theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegallyEQ\X\BO(大44家)inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywasEQ\X\BO(大45家)toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“PressfreedomswillbeinsafehandsEQ\X\BO(大46家)ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.WitnesspaymentsbecameanEQ\X\BO(大47家)afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswereEQ\X\BO(大48家)tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.ConcernswereraisedEQ\X\BO(大49家)witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoEQ\X\BO(大50家)guiltyverdicts.31.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular[D]suchas32.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing[D]fastening33.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary[D]draft34.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper35.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity36.[A]since[B]if[C]before[D]as37.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied[D]agreed38.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest[D]indicate39.[A]Release[B]Publication[C]Printing[D]Exposure40.[A]storm[B]rage[C]flare[D]flash41.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition[D]demonstration42.[A]betterthan[B]otherthan[C]ratherthan[D]soonerthan43.[A]changes[B]makes[C]sets[D]turns44.[A]binding[B]convincing[C]restraining[D]sustaining45.[A]authorized[B]credited[C]entitled[D]qualified46.[A]with[B]to[C]from[D]by47.[A]impact[B]incident[C]inference[D]issue48.[A]stated[B]remarked[C]said[D]told49.[A]what[B]when[C]which[D]that50.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensure[D]guaranteeSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.51.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas________.[A]sociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistry52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate________.[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs54.Thedirectreasonforspecializationis________.[A]thedevelopmentincommunication[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocietiesText2Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.55.Digitaldivideissomething________.[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor[C]theworldmustguardagainst[D]consideredpositivetoday56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure[D]acceptingforeigninvestment58.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporationsText3WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject60.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe________.[A]quitetrustworthy[B]somewhatcontradictory[C]veryilluminating[D]rathersuperficial61.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir________.[A]workingattitude[B]conventionallifestyle[C]worldoutlook[D]educationalbackground62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderText4Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?”There’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomer’sdemands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld’swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOilTrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing--witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan--butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won’tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?63.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds[B]toinvestmoreabroad[C]tocombineandbecomebigger[D]totradewithmorecountries64.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis________.[A]thegreatercustomerdemands[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket[C]agrowingproductivity[D]theincreaseoftheworld’swealth65.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat________.[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous[D]theStandardOilTrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition66.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe________.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedText5WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall,”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting--alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”--has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshiftinginthemid-’90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone--asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.67.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.68.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting________.[A]enableshertorealizeherdream[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine69.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby________.[A]non-materialisticlifestyle[B]abitofeverything[C]extremestress[D]anti-consumerism70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof________.[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife[B]man’sadventurousspirit[C]man’ssearchformythicalexperiences[D]theeconomicsituationSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.74)Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.Howe