宁溪水利枢纽土石坝毕业设计含开题报告、计算书2

设计计算书一设计基本资料表一设计、校核洪水过程线表时段（天）011.062345流量（％）10891005732.51912设计洪水流量（m3/s）4053604.540502308.51316.25769.5486校核洪水流量（m3/s）7907031790040532567.541501948二调洪演算1通过改变堰顶高程或溢流堰前缘宽度做不同的调洪方案3个，如下：方案一：根据给出的坝址地质条件，选择泄洪单宽流量q＝40m3/s·m。按允许最大下泄设计流量Qmax1%=2800m3/s,初步确定溢洪道溢流堰前缘宽度B0＝Qmax1%/q＝2800/40＝70m。确定堰顶高程H1＝337m。起调水位为H0=345m，水位H＝337m时水库库容V337＝348×106m3。参考教材《河流水文学》中有关调洪演算的内容，采用列表试算法进行调洪演算，取计算时段⊿t=6小时＝21600秒。参考工程经验确定溢流堰布置形式为：中墩4个，宽度1.5米；边墩2个，宽两米；闸孔五个，每个净宽12米，最大开度8米。由此可由《水力学手册》查得堰流流量系数mc=［mm×(n-1)+ms］／n=［0.375×(5-1)+0.365］／5=0.372；闸孔出流时流量系数µ0＝0.6-0.18e/H。堰流流量Q＝mcB［2g］，闸孔出流时流量Q＝µ01/2初设泄洪洞进口段底部高程约335米，出口段高程约320米，泄洪洞中闸门尺寸初定为12米×8米，由《水力学手册》查得其泄流能力Q＝µBh［2g(H-εh-335)］1/2=0.904×10×4.5×［2g(H-0.915×4.5-335)］1/2=180.1(H-339.12)1/2.在泄洪过程中水轮机引用流量q=30m3/s×3=90m3/s与总下泄量相比很小，可忽略，调洪演算时未考虑其影响，仅作为安全储备。根据以上定出的各项数据进行调洪演算，可得出设计、校核两种工况下的洪水下泄过程，这种情况下设计洪水位346.14m，最大下泄流量2730.08m3/s；校核洪水位349.1m，最大下泄流量4722.0m3/s。方案二：泄洪单宽流量q＝44m3/s·m。溢洪道溢流堰前缘宽度B0＝Qmax1%/q＝2800/44＝64m，边墩2米×2，中墩1米×4，闸孔11.2米×5，堰流流量系数mc=［mm×(n-1)+ms］／n=［0.376×(5-1)+0.367］／5=0.372，堰流流量Q＝mcB［2g］其它数据同方案一，可得出设计、校核两种工况下的洪水下泄过程，这种情况下设计洪水位348.2m，最大下泄流量2800m3/s；校核洪水位349.46m，最大下泄流量4519.85m3/s。方案三：确定堰顶高程H1＝337.5m，其它同方案二，可得出设计、校核两种工况下的洪水下泄过程，这种情况下设计洪水位346.12m，最大下泄流量2715.43m3/s；校核洪水位349.91m，最大下泄流量4505.43m3/s。2方案选择经分析比较，以上三个方案均有效，但方案二为最优方案。因方案二中设计工况下闸门削减洪峰的能力得以充分发挥，而另两个方案下闸门的这种能力未能有效发挥。则由方案二可确定出设计、校核洪水位分别为348.2m、349.46m。三坝高的确定根据设计洪水位、校核洪水位分别确定坝高：由设计洪水位确定坝高坝顶超高d=R+e+Aa波浪在坝上爬高R＝K⊿KW（h1L1)1/2/(1+m2)1/2，参考《水工建筑物》教材中相关内容，代入各项数据可得出R＝3.59米，其中计算得设计波高h1＝1.04米。b坝前水位壅高e＝KV2Dcosα/2gH,计算得e＝0.027。c坝的级别为2级，选择安全加高A＝1.0米。则坝顶超高d＝R+e+A＝3.59+0.027+1.0＝4.617米。由此确定坝顶高程H＝348.2+d＝352.82米。由校核洪水位确定坝高计算得设计波高h1＝0.67米，波浪在坝上爬高R＝K⊿KW（h1L1)1/2/(1+m2)1/2＝2.3米，坝前水位壅高e＝KV2Dcosα/2gH＝0.011米，安全加高A＝0.7米。则坝顶超高d＝R+e+A＝2.3+0.011+0.7＝3.011米。坝顶高程H＝349.46+d＝352.47米。由以上两种情况比较可得坝顶高程H＝352.82，考虑0.3％的坝体沉降量⊿H=0.14米，H+⊿H＝352.96米，则最终确定坝顶高程为H＝353米。四渗流计算根据最大坝剖面图，参考已有工程经验，确定坝体各部分的材料及渗透系数，如下：渗流计算简图坝体材料性质表：位置坝壳料地基排水体心墙编号①②③④组成材料堆石，砂壤土与山皮土混合料砂质砂岩堆石粘土与砂壤土混合料渗透系数（m/d）0.030.00864500.000000.00351设计洪水情况上游水位高:44.2m下游水位高:11m渗流量=0.00455m3/天浸润线示意图如下：其中红色线为浸润现，彩色线为等势线。坐标原点为坝址与地基交点，浸润线上各点坐标如下：X(m)Y(m)113.50044.200114.53343.595115.40643.361116.28143.118117.23242.920117.48442.865117.67642.830118.53942.667119.27542.524119.54742.477120.70942.279120.97242.240122.99441.940123.11441.925123.31841.899124.44841.757125.29341.666126.08241.591127.11641.514127.63641.491128.62941.445129.09541.263130.17740.989131.21040.600131.48440.393131.94739.376132.70338.890133.03338.284133.16237.162133.24036.668133.32736.436133.38234.989133.44834.746133.55933.222133.79032.348133.98331.632134.53830.177134.59029.993134.61929.944135.50528.211135.56428.092135.57128.081136.57526.557137.10025.901137.25625.689137.60325.284137.90025.217139.84924.811139.85524.810140.91824.588141.82224.406142.03324.360142.76824.212143.80824.002144.03223.957144.22723.921144.72823.822145.93723.581146.79723.412147.64323.249148.48923.085149.05022.976149.72822.844150.57122.681151.68222.465151.89722.423151.96022.411152.61422.283154.05422.002154.18221.978154.28021.959155.10321.797155.74021.672156.67021.486157.20321.380158.23221.172158.86721.044159.70220.872160.56320.696162.23720.345162.60920.267162.85320.215164.70219.819165.46219.653166.22319.486167.00319.313167.57519.186168.36019.007168.79118.910169.85118.667170.23718.578171.14218.364171.99218.166172.39118.070173.81417.728174.55517.547176.04317.178176.22217.134176.51517.059177.66016.771177.97616.691178.62516.523179.58616.276180.84315.947181.13015.872181.23615.844181.48815.777182.75115.444184.08815.086184.41215.000184.60714.949185.36814.745186.20414.521187.69814.124187.79714.098187.99314.046188.99613.782189.51713.651190.40813.420191.19313.229191.68013.106192.95712.806192.96712.804194.05012.561194.72612.416195.45512.263196.42912.077196.97311.975197.69411.858198.40311.738199.54511.569199.92511.518201.06011.378201.36911.342201.70111.312202.93511.187203.95511.112204.25111.091204.57811.074205.35011.027206.00111.0012校核洪水情况上游水位高:45.46m下游水位高:13.5m渗流量=0.00437m3/天坐标原点为坝址与地基交点，浸润线示意图如下：其中红色线为浸润现，彩色线为等势线。浸润线上各点坐标如下：X(m)Y(m)116.65045.460117.23145.006117.78544.837118.96544.519119.49344.400120.44444.184121.94443.911121.96043.908121.97143.906122.21543.866123.56743.646123.64843.632123.78643.614125.53043.377126.12243.311127.42743.189127.96743.148128.35343.130128.96043.100129.94542.615130.50242.442130.81042.251131.63041.429131.91341.025132.12840.438132.45439.676132.39338.933132.61937.894132.62037.790132.65136.776132.79936.184133.09435.076133.30434.477133.71133.189133.98032.561134.47031.532134.71831.084135.16130.256135.40829.916136.08628.913136.36328.563136.89827.905137.13827.611137.64427.506138.92427.229140.22326.953140.43126.910140.51426.894141.72426.639142.71726.440143.19326.339144.38826.099144.64926.047144.84726.008145.88825.802146.32525.713147.57825.468148.15425.356148.50425.289149.64325.066150.63824.874151.02224.799152.30324.551152.39824.532152.51824.509154.51324.122155.10924.005156.25823.780157.08723.618158.70023.298158.70823.297159.97323.044159.98623.041161.23622.790162.22422.587163.27722.372164.50122.118164.74822.066165.47721.913166.30821.738166.57721.681168.02821.371168.66621.233169.82220.979170.01820.936170.21120.893171.12020.692171.50620.605172.26720.435172.99020.271173.80220.088174.72419.875174.78619.861174.82519.852175.20219.765176.10119.557176.26219.519177.90219.135178.79418.923179.53018.748180.26518.573181.26918.331181.85618.191182.49118.039183.34817.832183.92517.691185.30017.362185.66317.273186.79917.003186.95216.966188.38816.628188.59316.579190.01216.252190.10416.230190.29316.188191.96915.813193.03315.591194.27115.330194.57415.271195.46515.094196.52414.902196.59014.890198.60714.548198.73314.528198.84214.511199.41514.430201.31414.154201.83414.091202.57613.999203.93013.861204.22113.831205.79813.703206.34613.657206.45913.649206.53013.646207.84113.566208.10513.557