全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第4册课后习题答案-U4

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆版第4册课后习题答案-U4第四课InsearchofDavosmanWilliamF.BrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon'tcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm,HermitageCapitalManagement.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassetsandhasmadeanameforhimself(成名)locallybycampaigningagainst（展开反对的活动）opaqueandcorruptbusinesspractices（不透明的，腐败的商业⾏为）atRussiancompanies.In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcentered（集中）inEurope."Nationalidentity（国家认同）makesnodifferenceforme,"hesays."Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn'tmatterwhereyouare.That'sglobalization."AlexJ.Mandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.Aveteran（经验丰富的）telecommunicationsexecutive（经理）andformerpresident（前任主席）ofAT&T,Mandl,61,wasborninAustriaandnowrunsaFrenchtechnologycompanycalledGemplusInternational,whichisdoingmoreandmorebusinessinChina.Hereckons（估计）hespendsabout90%ofhistimetravelingonbusiness.Butdespiteallthat（尽管如此）globetrotting,MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifies（识别）himselfasanAmerican."IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation（犹豫）.ThefactthatIspendalotoftimeinotherplacesdoesn'tchangethat,"hesays.AlthoughBrowderandMandldefine（定义）theirnationalitydifferently,bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccident（意外）ofbirth.Andnotincidentally(偶然),bothareDavosMenmembersoftheinternationalbusinessélite（杰出⼈物）whotrek（艰苦跋涉）eachyeartotheSwissAlpine（阿尔卑斯⼭）townfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum(WEF),foundedin1971.Thisweek,BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives（⾼管们）,politicians,academics(学者),journalists（新闻记者）,writersandahandfulof（少数）Hollywoodstarsforfivedaysofnetworking（交流）,partiesandendlessearnest（认真的）discussionsabouteverythingfrompostelectionIraq（选后伊拉克）andHIVinAfrica（艾滋病在⾮洲）totheglobalsupply（供给）ofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology（纳⽶技术的含义）.Yetthisyear,perhapsmorethanever,ahottopicatDavosisDavositself.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavosMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief:thatglobalizationtheunimpeded（畅通⽆阻的）flowsofcapital（资本流动）,labor（劳动⼒）andtechnologyacrossnationalborders（边界）isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast（⼴阔的）,interconnected（连同的）marketplace（市场）inwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.Asborders（边界）andnationalidentities（国家⾝份）becomelessimportant,somefindthatthreatening（威胁）andevendangerous.Inanessay（散⽂）lastyearinTheNationalInterest（国家利益）entitled"DeadSouls:TheDenationalizationoftheAmericanElite（⾮国有化的美国精英）,"HarvardProfessorSamuelP.HuntingtondescribedDavosMan(aphrasethatfirstgotwidespread（普遍的）attentioninthe1990s)asanemergingglobalsuperspecies（⼀个全球新兴的超级物种）andathreat（威胁）.Themembersofthisclass,hewrote,arepeoplewho"havelittleneedfornationalloyalty（忠诚）,viewnationalboundaries（看待国家边界）asobstacles（障碍）thatthankfullyarevanishing（消失）,andseenationalgovernmentsasresidues（剩余物）fromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitate（促进）élite's(精英的)globaloperations（运作）."HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan'sglobal-citizenself-image（全球公民的个⼈形象）isstarkly（明显的）atoddswith（与不和）thevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremain（剩余）deeplycommitted（忠诚）totheirnation.Thisdisconnect（分离）,hesays,creates"amajorculturalfault（断层线）lineInavarietyofways,theAmericanestablishment（确⽴）,governmental（政府的）andprivate,hasbecomeincreasinglydivorced（分离）fromtheAmericanpeople."Naturally,manyDavosMendon'tacceptHuntington'sterms."Huntingtonforgetsthatthereisadifferencebetweencultureontheonehand,andattitudesandlifestyleontheother,"contends(竞争)KlausSchwab,thefounder（创始⼈）andexecutivechairmanoftheWorldEconomicForum,arguingthatendorsing（签署）aglobaloutlook（展望）doesnotmeanerasing（清除）nationalidentity."Globalizationcanneverprovideuswithculturalidentity,whichneedstobelocalandnationalinnature."（7段缺部分）NowondersomanyWesternworkersworryaboutlosingtheirjobs."Iftheissue（问题）isthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasproved（证明）agoodthing,"saysOritGadiesh,chairmanofconsultants（顾问）Bain&Co."Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou'reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat."8Thebiggestshift（移动）mayjustbestarting.Alandmark（陆标）2003studybyGoldmanSachspredicted（预计）thatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojections（预测）ofdemographic（⼈⼝）andeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentially（可能的）overtaking（赶上）Germanythisdecade.By2050,GoldmanSachssuggested,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplaced（取代）allbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.Feweconomistswouldarguethatsuchpredictionsareareasontoputthebrakes（刹车）onglobalization—evenifthatwerepossible.Butit'snolongerdisgraceful（可耻的）intheacademy（研究院）toarguethatglobalizationthreatens（威胁）totakeatoll（征税）onadvancedeconomies.It'salsoentirelypossiblethatthenearfuturemayseethependulum(摇摆)ofcapital（⾸都）swingawayfrom（背离）DavosMan-styleglobalization.Onecounterpoint（对应物）isManila（马尼拉）Woman—low-paidmigrant（移民的）workersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyproviding（以为条件）keyservicesaroundtheworld.ValerieGooding,thechiefexecutiveofBritishhealthcarecompanyBUPA,saystheBritishandU.S.healthcaresystemwouldbreakdownwithoutimmigrant（移民的）nursesfromthePhilippines,India,Nigeria（尼⽇利亚）andelsewhere.WhileBUPAemploysabout300peopleinIndiatohandleitsoutsourced（外包的）informationtechnologyneeds（信息技术需要）,about10%ofthenursesandhealthcareassistants（健康保健助理）initsnursinghomesandhospitalsarefromoverseas—and,unlikeDavosMan,shesays,they'renotambivalent（⽭盾）aboutbeingstronglypatriotic（爱国的）.NotallDavosMenseekglobalmarkets,either.PatrickSayerrunsaprivateequityfirm（股份公司）inFrancecalledEurazeo,andcomplains（抱怨）therearestilltoomanybarriers（障碍）tocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalone（更不必说）theworld.Sohe'sfocused(注视)Eurazeoonitsdomesticmarket."Iprofit（得益于）frombeingFrenchinFrance.It'seasierformetododeals,"Sayersays."It'sth