现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语

AutomotiveemissionandcontrolBeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureChapter1:introduction现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语2StudyAims学习目标：UnderstandtherelationofautomotiveandenvironmentKnowaboutthepollutionofmaincityinChinaRealizethedisadvantageofautomotiveemissionStudypoints知识要点：theenvironmentandautomotivethepollutionofmaincityinChinathedisadvantageofCO,NOx,HC,PM,CO2

2StudyAims学习目标：Example:

3Readtheexamplesinbook.Wouldyouliketakeanexampleaboutpollution?Example:3Readtheexamplesin1.1Airpollutionandvehicles1.1.1Airpollution

Airpollutionistheintroductionofparticulates,biologicalmolecules,orotherharmfulmaterialsintoEarth'satmosphere,causingdiseases,deathtohumans,anddamagetootherlivingorganisms.1.1Airpollutionandvehicles现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语1.1.2SourcesTherearevariouslocations,activitiesorfactorswhichareresponsibleforreleasingpollutantsintotheatmosphere.Thesesourcescanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcategories.(1)Anthropogenic(man-made)sources:(2)Naturalsources:1.1.2SourcesTherearevar1.2Environmentalimpact

thepollutioninIranWhy？1.2Environmentalimpact

tFig1.3Wordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleWordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleFig1.3WordmapofpassengerthepollutionofmaincityinChinaWhatdoyouseefromthetable?thepollutionofmaincityin现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语1.3TypesofemissionsEmissionsthatareprincipalpollutantsofconcernincludeCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO21.3TypesofemissionsEmissionNitrogenoxides

Nitrogenoxides

(NOx)-Generatedwhen

nitrogen

intheairreactswithoxygenatthehightemperatureandpressureinsidetheengine.NOx

isaprecursortosmogand

acidrain.NOx

isamixtureofNO,N2O,andNO2.NO2

isextremelyreactive.Itdestroysresistancetorespiratoryinfection.NOx

productionisincreasedwhenanenginerunsatitsmostefficient(i.e.hottest)partofthecycle.Nitrogenoxides

Nitrogenoxide现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-Aclassofburnedorpartiallyburnedfuel,hydrocarbonsaretoxins.Hydrocarbonsareamajorcontributortosmog,whichcanbeamajorprobleminurbanareas.TheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-AcTheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsTheformationofsmogHydrocarProlongedexposuretohydrocarbonscontributestoasthma,liverdisease,lungdisease,andcancer.Regulationsgoverninghydrocarbonsvaryaccordingtotypeofengineandjurisdiction;insomecases,"non-methanehydrocarbons"areregulated,whileinothercases,"totalhydrocarbons"areregulated.HydrocarbonsProlongedexposuretohydrocarTechnologyforoneapplication(tomeetanon-methanehydrocarbonstandard)maynotbesuitableforuseinanapplicationthathastomeetatotalhydrocarbonstandard.Methaneisnotdirectlytoxic,butismoredifficulttobreakdowninacatalyticconverter,soineffecta"non-methanehydrocarbon"regulationcanbeconsideredeasiertomeet.Sincemethaneisagreenhousegas,interestisrisinginhowtoeliminateemissionsofit.HydrocarbonsTechnologyforoneapplicationCarbonmonoxide

Carbonmonoxide

(CO)-Aproductofincompletecombustion,carbonmonoxidereducestheblood'sabilitytocarryoxygen;overexposure(carbonmonoxidepoisoning)maybefatal.CarbonMonoxidepoisoningisakillerinhighconcentrationsCarbonmonoxide

Carbonmonoxid现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语ParticulatematterParticulatematter

–

Soot

orsmokemadeupofparticlesinthe

micrometre

sizerange:Particulatemattercausesnegativehealtheffects,includingbutnotlimitedto

respiratorydisease

and

cancer.ParticulatematterParticulate现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语Volatileorganiccompounds

(VOCs)Volatileorganiccompounds

(VOCs)-Organiccompoundswhichtypicallyhaveaboilingpointlessthanorequalto250

°C;forexample

chlorofluorocarbons

(CFCs)and

formaldehyde.

Volatileorganiccompounds

areasubsectionof

Hydrocarbons

thatarementionedseparatelybecauseoftheirdangerstopublichealth.Volatileorganiccompounds

(VO现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语Carbondioxide(CO2)

Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.MotorvehicleCO2emissionsarepartoftheanthropogeniccontributiontothegrowthofCO2concentrationsintheatmospherewhichiscausingclimatechange.Carbondioxide(CO2)

Carbo现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语SulfuroxideSulfuroxide

(SOx)-Ageneraltermforoxidesof

sulfur,whichareemittedfrommotorvehiclesburningfuelcontainingsulfur.Reducingtheleveloffuelsulfurreducesthelevelof

Sulfuroxideemittedfromthetailpipe.SulfuroxideSulfuroxide

(SOx)Emissionsofmanyairpollutantshavebeenshowntohavevarietyofnegativeeffectsonpublichealthandthenaturalenvironment.1.4PollutionEffects

Emissionsofmanyairpollutan1.5Emissionfactors

1.5Emissionfactors

1.6Pollutionreduction

1.6Pollutionreduction

ConclusionsThemainfactorofpollution–automotiveemissionbecauseofthecitydevelopment,energyusage,andsoon.TheheavypollutioninChina,andtheNorthisheavierthantheSouth.AutomotiveEmissionincludesmanydifferentcontents,suchasCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO2ConclusionsThemainfactorofThanks!Thanks!AutomotiveemissionandcontrolBeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureChapter1:introduction现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语34StudyAims学习目标：UnderstandtherelationofautomotiveandenvironmentKnowaboutthepollutionofmaincityinChinaRealizethedisadvantageofautomotiveemissionStudypoints知识要点：theenvironmentandautomotivethepollutionofmaincityinChinathedisadvantageofCO,NOx,HC,PM,CO2

2StudyAims学习目标：Example:

35Readtheexamplesinbook.Wouldyouliketakeanexampleaboutpollution?Example:3Readtheexamplesin1.1Airpollutionandvehicles1.1.1Airpollution

Airpollutionistheintroductionofparticulates,biologicalmolecules,orotherharmfulmaterialsintoEarth'satmosphere,causingdiseases,deathtohumans,anddamagetootherlivingorganisms.1.1Airpollutionandvehicles现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语1.1.2SourcesTherearevariouslocations,activitiesorfactorswhichareresponsibleforreleasingpollutantsintotheatmosphere.Thesesourcescanbeclassifiedintotwomajorcategories.(1)Anthropogenic(man-made)sources:(2)Naturalsources:1.1.2SourcesTherearevar1.2Environmentalimpact

thepollutioninIranWhy？1.2Environmentalimpact

tFig1.3Wordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleWordmapofpassengercarsper1000peopleFig1.3WordmapofpassengerthepollutionofmaincityinChinaWhatdoyouseefromthetable?thepollutionofmaincityin现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语1.3TypesofemissionsEmissionsthatareprincipalpollutantsofconcernincludeCO,HC,NOx,PMandCO21.3TypesofemissionsEmissionNitrogenoxides

Nitrogenoxides

(NOx)-Generatedwhen

nitrogen

intheairreactswithoxygenatthehightemperatureandpressureinsidetheengine.NOx

isaprecursortosmogand

acidrain.NOx

isamixtureofNO,N2O,andNO2.NO2

isextremelyreactive.Itdestroysresistancetorespiratoryinfection.NOx

productionisincreasedwhenanenginerunsatitsmostefficient(i.e.hottest)partofthecycle.Nitrogenoxides

Nitrogenoxide现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-Aclassofburnedorpartiallyburnedfuel,hydrocarbonsaretoxins.Hydrocarbonsareamajorcontributortosmog,whichcanbeamajorprobleminurbanareas.TheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsHydrocarbons-AcTheformationofsmogHydrocarbonsTheformationofsmogHydrocarProlongedexposuretohydrocarbonscontributestoasthma,liverdisease,lungdisease,andcancer.Regulationsgoverninghydrocarbonsvaryaccordingtotypeofengineandjurisdiction;insomecases,"non-methanehydrocarbons"areregulated,whileinothercases,"totalhydrocarbons"areregulated.HydrocarbonsProlongedexposuretohydrocarTechnologyforoneapplication(tomeetanon-methanehydrocarbonstandard)maynotbesuitableforuseinanapplicationthathastomeetatotalhydrocarbonstandard.Methaneisnotdirectlytoxic,butismoredifficulttobreakdowninacatalyticconverter,soineffecta"non-methanehydrocarbon"regulationcanbeconsideredeasiertomeet.Sincemethaneisagreenhousegas,interestisrisinginhowtoeliminateemissionsofit.HydrocarbonsTechnologyforoneapplicationCarbonmonoxide

Carbonmonoxide

(CO)-Aproductofincompletecombustion,carbonmonoxidereducestheblood'sabilitytocarryoxygen;overexposure(carbonmonoxidepoisoning)maybefatal.CarbonMonoxidepoisoningisakillerinhighconcentrationsCarbonmonoxide

Carbonmonoxid现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语ParticulatematterParticulatematter

–

Soot

orsmokemadeupofparticlesinthe

micrometre

sizerange:Particulatemattercausesnegativehealtheffects,includingbutnotlimitedto

respiratorydisease

and

cancer.ParticulatematterParticulate现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语Volatileorganiccompounds

(VOCs)Volatileorganiccompounds

(VOCs)-Organiccompoundswhichtypicallyhaveaboilingpointlessthanorequalto250

°C;forexample

chlorofluorocarbons

(CFCs)and

formaldehyde.

Volatileorganiccompounds

areasubsectionof

Hydrocarbons

thatarementionedseparatelybecauseoftheirdangerstopublichealth.Volatileorganiccompounds

(VO现代汽车排放与控制技术课件-第1章-双语Carbondioxide(CO2)

Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas.Moto