英语合成词课件

构词法三种方式:

派生法、转化法、合成法。派生法(affixation)指在词上附加前缀或后缀,构成新词。形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able,

-ible,

movable,

comfortable,

applicable,

visible,

responsible

2)-al,

natural,

additional,

educational

3)-an,

-ane,

urban,

suburban,

republican

4)-ant,

-ent,

distant,

important,

excellent

5)-ar,

similar,

popular,

regular

1.表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker,non-violentin-inactive,inhuman,indirectdis-disagree,disappear

im-impolite,impossibleil-illegalir-irregularI.前缀(prefix)：2.表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)3.表示向背的前缀:pro-pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-antiwar,anti-Japanesewar4.表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,minicarunder-underground,underdevelop

semi-semicircle,semiskilled,semisteel5.表示时间的前缀pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-foretell,forecast,foresee,

weatherforcast6.表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,intercity,interclasstrans-translate,transatlanticII.后缀：不改变词根的基本意义,而是改变了词性。1.动词变名词：-ation

satisfaction,education,realization-ment

development,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-ee

trainee,employee-er

teacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.形容词变名词：-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ity

ability,possibility

-ismMarxism,criticism3.名词、形容词变动词：-ify

beautify,simplify-ize

realize-enquicken,widen,sharpen4.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ish

foolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ous

dangerous,humorous-ful

helpful,careful,peaceful1.TheChicagoBullsarenotas________astheywerewhenMichaelJordanplayedforthem.2.WhenYaoMinghurthishead,itwasvery______.powerfulpainful用所给词的正确形式完成下列句子。beautycarehopepainpowerwonder3.Hehadtobevery______whenheplayedaftertheaccident.4.Thefansareall_______thattheteamwilldowellthisyear.5.It’sterriblewhenwelose,butit’s_________whenwewin.carefulhopefulwonderful根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1.Thereissome_________(possible)thatourteamwillwinthebasketballmatch.2.Wemusttakemeasurestopreventfactoriesfromsendingout________(poison)gasesintotheair.3.Tomy_____________(disappoint),hefailedtopassthecollegeentranceexamthisyear.

possibilitypoisonous

disappointment4.Itismuchmore_____________(comfort)totravelbyairthanbyship.5.Itwasbecauseofhis___________(care)thatthecaraccidenthappened.6.Shehaddonesomethingwrongandtoldusshewas______(true)fortablecarelessnesstruly7.Onhis________(arrive)attheairport,hereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheteachersandstudents.8.Manyofhisanswersare________(correct),sotheteacheraskedhimtodotheexercisesagain.9.Shewasgoingtotakepartintheparty,butan___________(expected)guestdroppedinonher.arrivalincorrectunexpected10.Themeetingsupposedtobe__________(success)turnedouttobeafailureintheend.successful将下列单词加前缀或后缀派生出一个新词。argue2.spoon3.advantage4.polite5.pleasant6.attract7.sleep

argumentspoonfuldisadvantageimpolite/politelyunpleasant/pleasantlyattractive/attractionasleep/sleepy/sleepless

8.courage9.discuss10.visit

encourage/encouragementdiscussionvisitor英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词

很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：Conversion转化词①Let’sgooutforawalk.

我们到外面去散散步吧。②Heisamanofstrongbuild.

他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③Let’shaveaswim.

咱们游泳吧。2)名词转化为动词

很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?

你订好飞机座位了吗?②Pleasehandmethebook.

请把那本书递给我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.

她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④Welunchedtogether.

我们在一起吃了午餐。3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词

有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词

表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。1)Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforandentireseason.AveragedisaverbdescribingwhatChamberlaindid.2)Duringthistime,hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.Averageisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.I.Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.3)Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.Scoreispartof“toscore”theinfinitiveoftheverbtellinguswhatJordandid.4)Thefinalscorewas169-147.Scoreisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.What’sthedifferenceinthewayaverageandscoreareusedinthesesentences?b)Doesthemeaningofthewordschangewhentheyareuseddifferently?

No,itdoesn’t.II.Rewritethesentencesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship

____fortheChicagoBullin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenJordanretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachange1.Alotofyoungboys_______aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The______ofthegamewasincredible---169-147.dreamresultIII.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.dreamquestionresultstarwork3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest___oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle______asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.starworkedquestionsIV.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.1.He_____hisarmplayingbasketball.2.YaoMinginjuredhis____duringagame.3.Jordan’stotalofpointsisaworld______.brokeheadrecordbreakheadplayrecord4.Chamberlain_______forfourdifferentNBAteams.5.Afterthegame,thefans______fortheexit.6.We_______thecommentaryofthegameonacassette.playedheadedrecorded7.Hasthereeverbeenafilmora_____aboutbasketball?8.Therewasaten-minutes______inthegamebecauseaplayerwasinjured.playbreak合成词合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词。一.合成名词,如:workforce,haircut,postman,X-ray,mailbox,landowner,farmland,handstand,handshake,coastline,gunfire,short-wave,gentleman,newcomer,tightrope,best-seller,mainland,freeway,second-hand,midday,front-runner,pickpocket扒手,breakwater防波堤,runway,sit-downer静坐罢工者,breakthrough突破,runaround借口,runaway逃亡,sell-out售完,handout传单,breakdown衰落二.合成形容词,如:worldwide,nationwide,duty-free,snow-white,world-famous,lifelong,English-speaking,noise-killing,hand-made,peace-loving,horse-drawn,fun-loving,ready-made现成的,good-looking,easy-going,low-lying地势低洼的,well-known,hard-working,well-informed消息灵通的,widespread,ill-formed,first-rate,second-hand,worthwhile,everyday,middle-aged,warm-blooded,good-tempered,bare-footed三.合成代词,如:himself,herself,themselves,something,someone,anything,nobody四.合成动词,如:overthrow,output,input,uphold,uplift,downgrade,sleep-walk,typewrite,brainwash,handpick精选,daydream,whitewash,deep-freeze五.合成副词,如:meanwhile,midway,everywhere,somewhere,anyway,otherwise,sometime,beforehand,onshore,inside,offhand,headfirst头朝下地,daylong构词法的综合练习单项填空1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.

A.care

B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessnessB2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis____isheavierthanMountTai.

A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death

3.Westoodthere_____atthe_____sight.

A.frightened;frightful

B.frightening;frightful

C.fright;frightening

D.frightful;fright

DA4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.

A.chemistry

B.chemical

C.chemist

D.physician

5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.

A.legging

B.legged

C.legs

D.legedCB6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.

A.lead

B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership

7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.

A.proud

B.proudly

C.pride

D.pridelyCB8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfied

B.satisfactoryC.satisfying

D.satisfaction

9.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permit

B.permissionC.permitting

D.permittenceDB10.—Whatareyoudoinghere?

—Oh,myteacherask