华中师大《语言学》试题集及答案

13/13华中师大《语言学》试题集及答案《语言学》试题集及答案

I.Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:

1.Oneofthepropertiesoflanguageisthatalanguageusercanunderstandand

producesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled________.

A.duality

B.productivity

C.displacement

D.arbitrarinessKey:B

2.The______functionreferstothefactthatlanguagecanbeusedfor

establishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.

A.phatic

B.directive

C.evocative

D.performativeKey:A

3.Fromafunctionalapproach,the_______meaningofalanguageuseconsists

ofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.

A.affective

B.associative

C.stylistic

D.collocativeKey:A

4.When–ingin?gangling‘isremovedtogetaverb?gangle‘,wecallthiswayof

creatingwords________.

A.suffixation

B.back-formation

C.blending

D.acronymyKey:B

5.______referstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningsto

positionsofimportance.

A.Degradation

B.Specialization

C.Elevation

D.ExtensionKey:C

6.Asweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecial

wayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevarietyofindividualusersiscalled______.

A.idiolect

B.regionaldialect

C.temporaldialect

D.socialdialectKey:A

7.Whenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthanto

theword,theyarecollectivelyknownas________.

A.intonation

B.tone

C.phoneme

D.sentencestressKey:A

8._______referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofan

adjacentsound.

A.Additionofsound

B.Lossofsound

C.Metathesis

D.Assimilation

Key:D

9.Basically,allthelanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsoflanguage

family.VietnameseandKoreanaretwolanguagesinthe______family.

A.Indo-European

B.Sino-Tibetan

C.Hamito-Semitic

D.Malayo-Polynesian

Key:B

10.A_______istheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.

A.morpheme

B.phoneme

C.grapheme

D.letter

Key:C

11.Allmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthose

poly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecalled_________.

A.hyponyms

B.compounds

C.blends

D.allomorphs

Key:B

12.Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasses

whichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategoryorcategoriesiscalled_______.

A.concord

B.government

C.recursiveness

D.cohesion

Key:A

13.Theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusa

partofanotheriscalled_____.

A.blending

B.clipping

C.acronymy

D.compounding

Key:A

14.Thedistinctionof?linguisticpotential‘and?actuallinguisticbehavior‘is

proposedby_______.

A.N.Chomsky

B.F.deSaussure

C.M.A.Halliday

D.J.Austin

Key:C

15.Thewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalled_____meaning.

A.denotative

B.connotative

C.collective

D.stylistic

Key:A

16.Whenweconsiderthevariationrelatingtowhatauseristryingtodowith

language,wearedealingwithaddresseerelationship—continuallycategorizedas―______‖.

A.tenorofdiscourse

B.modeofdiscourse

C.fieldofdiscourse

D.idiolect

Key:A

17.Accordingtowords‘structures,Turkishisatypical______language.

A.isolating

B.fusional

C.analytic

D.agglutinative

Key:D

18.______refertothefactthatonetypeofutteranceistypicallyfollowedbya

specialtypeofutterance.

A.Minimalpairs

B.Illocutionaryacts

C.Socialdialects

D.Adjacencypairs

Key:D

19.Therelationbetween―dead‖and―alive‖islabeledas________.

A.gradability

B.complementarity

C.hyponymy

D.homonymy

Key:B

20.Thewords―encore‖and―aupair‖areloanwordsfrom_______.

A.French

B.German

C.Italian

D.Spanish

Key:A

21.Thedistinctionoflangueandparoleisproposedby______.

a.N.Chomsky

b.F.deSaussure

c.M.A.Halliday

d.J.AustinKey:b

22.Whichofthefollowingistheexceptiontothefeatureofarbitrarinessof

language?

a.nativeEnglishwords

b.borrowedwords

c.echoicwords

d.one-syllablewords

Key:c

23.Whichofthefollowingfeaturecannotbeusedtodescribethephone[s]?

a.voiceless

b.oral

c.alveolar

d.lateralKey:d

24.Intermsofplaceofarticulation,thetwoconsonants[f],[v]are________.

a.dental

b.alveolar

c.palatal

d.labiodentalKey:d

25.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,thesounds[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]are

________.

a.affricates

b.fricatives

c.bilabial

d.oralstopsKey:d

26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneisNOTcorrect?

a.Allophonesaredifferentformsofthesamephoneme

b.Allophonesofthesamephonemeareincomplementarydistribution.

c.Allophonesdistinguishmeaning.

d.Allophonesarelanguagespecific.

Key:c

27.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotafreemorpheme?

a.able

b.pet

c.change

d.dusty

Key:d

28.Howmanymorphemesarethereintheworddischarged?

a.2

b.3

c.4

d.5

Key:b

29.Whichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonly?

a.happiness

b.television

c.ecology

d.teacher

Key:c

30.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextbyteachingandlearning

ratherthanbyinstinct.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled_____.

erchangeability

ductivity

c.culturaltransmission

d.arbitrariness

Key:c

31.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare‘splayRomeoandJuliet?Aroseby

anyothernamewouldsmellassweet‘wellillustrates_______.

A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage

B.thecreativenatureoflanguage

C.theuniversalityoflanguage

D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationKey:A

32.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingto

thesequentialrulesinEnglish.

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

Key:A

33.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula―S→

NPVP‖.

A.hierarchical

B.linear

C.treediagram

D.verticalKey:B

34.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCase

recipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.

A.CaseCondition

B.CaseParameter

C.AdjacentCondition

D.AdjacentParameter

Key:C

35.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.

A.phoneme

B.word

C.phrase

D.sentenceKey:D

36.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.

A.commisives

B.directives

C.expressives

D.declarativesKey:A

37.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

C.comparative

D.historicalcomparative

Key:B

38.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.

A.title+firstname

B.title+title

C.titlealone

D.firstname+lastname+title

Key:C

39.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappingin

someparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas―subvocalspeech,‖andspeechas―_______‖.

A.vocalthought

B.subvocalthought

C.covertthought

D.overtthought

Key:D

40.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation.

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings.

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage.

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse.

Key:A

41.Thewords―kowtow‖and―tea‖areloanwordsfrom_______.

A.Chinese

B.German

C.Italian

D.Spanish

Key:A

42.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

C.comparative

D.historicalcomparative

Key:B

43.Theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled_____.

A.blending

B.clipping

C.acronymy

D.compoundingKey:A

44.Accordingtowords‘structures,Latinisatypical______language.

A.isolating

B.fusional

C.analytic

D.agglutinativeKey:B

45.Therelationbetween―animal‖and―lamb‖islabeledas________.

A.gradability

B.complementarity

C.hyponymy

D.homonymy

Key:C

46.Oneofthepropertyoflanguageisthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningandsounds.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled________.

A.duality

B.productivity

C.displacement

D.arbitrarinessKey:D

47.The________functionreferstotheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.

A.phatic

B.directive

C.evocative

D.performativeKey:A

48.The_______meaningofawordconsistsoftheassociationsitacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordswhichtendtooccurinitsenvironment.

A.associative

B.affective

C.stylistic

D.collocative

Key:D

49.When–orineditorisremovedtogetaverbedit,wecallthiswayofcreatingwords________.

A.suffixation

B.back-formation

C.blending

D.acronymy

Key:

50.Therelationbetween―rose‖and―flower‖islabeledas________.

A.gradability

B.complementarity

C.hyponymy

D.homonymy

Key:C

51.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby__________.

A.duality

B.productivity

C.displacement

D.arbitrarinessKey:C

52.Whenlanguageisusedtogetthehearertodosomething,thenitservesa_______function.

A.directive

B.informative

C.interrogative

D.expressive

53.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa________study.

A.diachronic

B.synchronic

C.descriptive

D.prescriptiveKey:B

54.Thedistinctionbetween―competence‖and―performance‖wasmadeby______.

A.N.Chomsky

B.F.deSaussure

C.M.A.Halliday

D.L.Bloomfield

Key:A

55.Accordingtotheplacesofarticulation,soundsinEnglishsuchas[t],[l],and[z]canbelabeledas_______ones.

A.dental

B.bilabial

C.velar

D.alveolar

Key:D

56.Accordingtothemorphologicalanalysis,theunderlinedpartintheword―internationalism‖shouldberegardedasa___________.

A.root

B.stem

C.prefix

D.suffix

Key:B

57.Wordssuchas―telex‖and―workfare‖arecreatedthrough___________.

A.affixation

B.compounding

C.conversion

D.blending

Key:D

58.Accordingtothesyntacticconstructionanalysis,simplesentencesuchas―Johnisastudent.‖belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentric

B.exocentric

C.coordinate

D.subordinateKey:B

59.Thesenserelationshipbetween―male‖and―female‖is_________.

A.complementarity

B.gradability

C.relationalopposites

D.hyponymyKey:A

60.Componentialanalysisisamethodofanalyzing________meaning.

A.sentence

B.lexical

C.grammatical

D.utterance

Key:B

II.Arethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F)?

1.Asentencecannotbeawordorafragmentinstrictsense,butanutterancecan

beawordorafragmentofasentence.T/F

Key:T

2.Itdoesn‘tmakesensetoaskwhatlanguageasentencebelongsto.T/F

Key:F

3.Astemfirstofallreferstoanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemes,butan

affixcanbeaddedtoit.T/F

Key:T

4.Everywordinalanguagecanfindatleastonereferentintheobjectiveworld.

T/F

Key:F

5.Inmostcases,lexiconmeansvocabularyandisrelatedtotheanalysisand

creationofwords,idiomsandcollocations.T/F

Key:T

6.Theuseoftheterm?implicature‘isdifferentfrom?implication‘inthatitusually

indicatesarathernarrowlydefinedlogicalrelationshipbetweentwopropositions.T/F

Key:F

7.Aphrasemeanstwoormorewordsinsequence,intendedtohavemeaning,that

formasyntacticunitthatislessthanacompletesentence.Itisactuallysynonymouswithwordgroup.T/F

Key:F

8.Collocationisaterminlexicologyusedbysomelinguiststorefertothe

habitualco-occurrencesofindividuallexicalitems,orcollocates.Thisrelationofco-occurrenceusuallycannotbeaccountedfor.T/F

Key:T

9.Inordertounderstandhowconversationalprincipleswork,wemayconsider

howeachmaximactuallyworksandhowpeopleobservethesemaximsindailycommunication.T/F

Key:T

10.Syntaxstudiestheruleswhichgovernthewayswords,wordgroupsandphrases

arecombinedtomakegrammaticalsentencesinalanguage,i.e.itdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.T/F

Key:T

11.Eveninmodernsociety,theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,and

thefactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagefirstbeforetheycanreadorwritealsoindicatesthatlanguageisprimarilyvocal.

Key:T

12.Thedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimal

systemofcommunicationaretermeddesignfeatures.

Key:T

13.Thereareotherchannels,besideslanguage,forcommunicatingourthoughts,

solanguageisonlyoneaspectofsemiotics.

Key:T

14.Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,writtenlanguage

assecondary.

Key:T

15.Descriptivelinguisticsaimstolaydownrulesfor?correct‘languageuse,i.e.,

totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhatshouldnotsay.

Key:F

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