初升高英语衔接班

一.本周教学内容初升高英语衔接班第6讲再看宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语二.重、难点（一）宾语从句宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带有宾语从句。某些形容词（如：sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从句。.由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分一下引导定语从句的that，这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。eg.Ithinkthatitisnecessaryforthepeople,shealthtogetridofthepollutionofnoise.我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,herushedtothehospitaltoseehim.他听说儿子受了重伤，急忙赶到医院去看望他。Themotherlikessayingthatshehasagooddaughter.母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。Iamsure（that）shewilllikethepresent.我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。Weareglad（that）somanyoldfriendswillcometoourparty.我们很高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。TheheadmastersaidthatwewouldvisitthesciencemuseumthenextSunday.校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。Ourteacherofphysicssuggestedthatwe（should）trytomakesomeelectronictoysourselves.我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。.由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if：（1）当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。（2）用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。（3）后面有ornot时，只可以用whether，不能用if。当然if还有“如果”之意，引导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。eg.Iwanttoknowwhether（if）youcanrepairtherecorderforme.我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。Sheaskedwhether（if）therewereanychemist,sshopsinthisstreet.她问这条街上有没有药房。.由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引导的宾语从句。如：Pleasetellmewhocamefirstthismorning.请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。ThereporterwilltalktousaboutwhathesawandheardinJapan.这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。Thelistenersweremuchinterestedinhowthemanbecameanartist.听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。PleaseshowmewhichbusIshouldtaketogettothePeople,sPark.请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。Iwanttoknowwhosepenisleftonthetableinthereadingroom.我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。Doyouknowwherethemuseumis?你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗PleasetellmewhenEinsteinwontheNobelPrizeforphysics.请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。Pleaseexplaintomewhyheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeed.请给我解释一下，为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。.宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成Hetoldmethathisbrotherwasadoctoryesterday..注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。.另外还要注意由what，where，how…引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：IamnotsurewhichsweaterIshouldchoose.=Iamnotsurewhichsweatertochoose.（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语.概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：Johnsaid,“IamgoingtoLondonnextweek.”约翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”Shesaid,“Wehaveenoughtimetofinishthework.”她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonthenextweek.约翰说他下周要去伦敦。Shesaidthattheyhadenoughtimetofinishthework.她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。.各种句式的变化：（1）陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。如：Hesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”fHetoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.

Shesaid,"I’llgotheretomorrow.”一Shesaidthatshewouldcomeherethenext/followingday.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”一Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,"I’llcomeherethisafternoon.”一Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatafternoon.Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”一Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变）（2）疑问句：①一般疑问句：要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him或us等）。如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”一Heasked（me）ifIwasinterestinEnglish.②特殊疑问句：仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedme.一Heasked（me）whathecoulddoforme.③祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersb.（not）todosth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“Makesurethedoorisshut,“shesaidtoherlittleson.一Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.“Don’tsmokeintheroom,“hesaidtome.一Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.【典型例题】[例1]—Ithinkit,sgoingtobeabigproblem.（2002北京春季）—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that答案：选择C。评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题，根据题意，需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。[例2]Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.（2000上海）A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis答案：D评析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it,不用she或he。[例3]Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisasterifamirrorwasbroken.（2002上海）A.wassureofstriking B.wassureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruck D.wassuretostrike答案：D评析：本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。"用besuretodo的句型，此处的strike为不及物动词。[例4]—Whatdoesshewant?—Idon,tknowwhat.A.doesshewantC.shewantedA.doesshewantC.shewantedB.didshewantD.shewants答案：D评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、B,而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时，故选D。[例5]Idon,tknowifshe.Butifshe,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,comes D.comes,willcome答案：选择A评析：if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if）和条件状语从句（第二个if），宾语从句时态由主句决定，而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求，故选A。【模拟试题】综合练习（一）GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.The,theB.A,aC.The,aD.A,theIIsthisyourbedroom??——No,it,sroom.A.thechildrenB.thechildren,sC.ofthechildrenD.achildrens,ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam（三峡大坝）shouldbehigherthandownstream（下游）.A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmetersHespokeveryfastandverypeopleunderstoodwhathesaid.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afewchildrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer1didyoulikethetriptoHainan??—Itwaswonderful.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.WhatTaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.A.inB.toC.onD.atHewasridingtoschoolhewashitbyacarthismorning.A.whileB.whenC.asD.so1Itakesomephotosinthehall??—No,you.A.Can,needn,tB.Must,mustn,tC.Could,won,tD.May,mustn'tYou'dbettertosendmeanemailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.don,tforgetC.tonotforgetD.notforgetHowabouttothecinemaonSunday?A.goB.togoC.goingD.willgoWhenIwasatcollegeIthreeforeignlanguages,butIallexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke,hadforgotten B.spoke,haveforgottenC.hadspoken,hadforgotten D.hadspoken,haveforgottenThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto,hadbeenstolenOurforeignteacherwillgobackforChristmas.Wewillgoandherattheairporttomorrow.A.sayhellotoB.saysorrytoC.saygoodbyetoD.sayexcusetoMary,sbrotherhadatalkatschoolyesterdayafternoon,?A.hadheB.hadn,theC.didheD.didn,theJennyandherparentsgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.be—Mum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball??—youyourhomeworkyet?A.Do,finishB.Are,finishingC.Did,finishD.Have,finished—Excuseme,tothenearestbookshop,please??—Gostraightandtakethesecondturningontheleft.A.wherethewayisB.whichthewayisC.whereisthewayD.whichistheway—Thisdresswaslastyear,sstyle.?—Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversinceThere,ssomeoneatthedoor.Canyougoandseewhois?A.heB.sheC.thatD.itThafstheonlythingcan'tbeforgotteninmylife.A.thatB.whichC.whoD./“NightingalPrize”isfor.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses—I,msorry.ImistookyouforLucy.A.NotatallB.I,msorry,tooC.It,sapleasureD.Thafsallright—JimandIwillgotothepostofficethisafternoon.?—.gotogether?A.SoIdo,Whydon,t B.SodoI,WhataboutC.SoIwill,Howabout D.SowillI,Shallwe综合练习（二）Ihopeyou,llhavegoodtimeatparty.A.a,/B.an,theC.a,aD.a,theThemarketisn,tfarfromhere.It,sonlybicycleride.A.halfanhours7B.halfanhour,sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalfIwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamIA.21.B.22.C.23.D.24.IWhichofthetwoEnglishdictionarieswillyoubuy??—I'llbuyofthem,soIcangiveonetomyfriend,Helen.A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.bothItwillbebadforyourhealthtoeatfoodandtakeexercise.A.fewer,moreB.more,lessC.little,muchD.less,moreTwofishermensawintheskywhiletheywerefishingbyalake.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything,Chinawillsendupaspaceshipwithpeopleintospace.A.BeforelongB.SoforC.FromthenonD.LongbeforeThebookwassointerestingthathereaditforthreehoursherealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.beforeIWhere,sBob??—HehasgonetoPariswithhissister.Hebebackintwoweeks.A.hastoB.willC.shouldD.must—Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight??——I'msorryIcan,t.Motherwon,tmetogooutintheevening.A.letB.allowC.offerD.askBettywasheardinherbedroom.A.singB.singsC.singingD.sang—Alice,whydidn,tyoucomeyesterday??—I,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didTheChineseCommunistPartyinShanghaiin1921.A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.foundedTheyoungmanbrokehisarmintheaccidentandhadtohisjob.A.sendupB.putupC.giveupD.getupMyunclethePartyin1970.Heforover28years.A.joined,hasjoinedtheParty B.joined,hasbeenaPartymemberC.hasjoined,hasbeenintheParty D.hasjoined,isinthePartyTherewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,?A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.won,tthere—What'sontheplate??—Theresomebreadonit.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveThescientistknowstwolanguages.HecanspeakEnglishFrench.A.either,orB.neither,norC.both,andD.so,thatCouldyoutellme?A.whichroomhelives B.whichroomhelivedC.whichroomdidhelivein D.whichroomhelivesinNomatterbusyheis,hewon,tgiveuphishobby.A.whereB.howC.whatD.whoInthestreetImetthescientistgaveusatalklastweek.

A.heB.whichC.whoD.whatA.heB.whichC.whoD.whatYoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books—Wouldyoulikesomemorechicken??—.I’mfull.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thanksC.Yes,IwouldD.No,Iwouldn't24.一Whoissinginginthenextroom??——isMary,ssister.A.ThisB.SheC.HeD.It综合练习（三）Ilikeplayingfootballandmysisterlikesplayingpiano.A./,theB./,/C.the,theD.a,theLastnight,therewasafoodaccident.Tenwereill,butnowerelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,lifeThedoctorworkedforaftertwelveo,clock.A.twomorehoursB.twoanotherhourC.moretwohoursD.anothertwohour4.—Whenshallwemeetagainnexttime??—dayisOK.A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.AnyWouldyoupleasesayit?Istillcan,tfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreloudlyD.moreslowly一shallwemeetinthepark??一Whatabouthalfpasteight?A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.WhichEitherBoborPeterwatchingthe17thWorldCupnow.A.isB.areC.amD.beYouwillbeabletogetgoodmarks.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfifyoudosomerevisioneverydaybeforeyoubegintostudyharduntilyoufollowyourteachers,advice——Don,tforgettopostthisletterforme,please.?—No,I.A.don'tB.won'tC.mustn'tD.can'tIprefertooffermoremoneyforabettercomputerlessforthisone.A.topayingB.topayC.nottopayD.ratherthanpayKatespentmostofherfreetimeTVplays.A.watchB.watchedC.towatchD.watchingGreatchangesinmyhometownsinceliberation.A.havebeentakenplace B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace D.weretakenplaceThewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentakenTheythenewspaperwhenIwentintotheirroom.A.werereadingB.arereadingC.havereadD.willreadAgainandagainthedoctorthecryinggirl,butthecouldn,tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedatThereislittlemilkinthebottle,?A.isn,titB.isitC.isn,tthereD.isthere—Doyouknowwheremyteacherlives??—Shelives150KenmingRoad.A.at,in B.at,onC.on,atD.in,at—,howmanybookshaveyouread??—.BecauseI,mbusythesedays.A.Lastyear,Afew B.Sofar,FewC.Twodayslater,SomanyD.Lastweek,Manyafew—Ihearwe,llhaveanewteacherthisterm.?—Really?Doyouknow?A.whatsubjectdoesheteach B.whatsubjectwillheteachC.whatsubjectheteaches D.whatsubjectishegoingtoteachTomwillcometoseeusheisfreetomorrow.A.ifB.untilC.whileD.asThepolicecaughtthe