定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)

定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)日期：20xx年X月定语从句在写作中的运用contradictionn.Sayingsththatconflictswithsthsaidorwrittenbysb;disagreement反驳；矛盾obstaclen.Thingwhichstandsinthewayandpreventsprogress障碍；阻碍approvaln.Showingorsayingthatonethinkssthisgoodoracceptableorsatisfactory赞成；承认revelationn.Makingknownsththatwassecretorhidden;revealing启示；揭示criticn.Personwhoevaluatesanddescribesthequalityofsth,espworksofart,literature,music,etc批评家；评论家sponsorn.Personwhoagreestoberesponsibleforsth;personwhoputsforwardapreposal;sportseent,etc,usuallyinreturnforadvertising担保人；发起人；赞助者merchantn.Personwhobuysandsellsgoodsinlargequantities商人Burglarn.Personwhobreaksintohouses,shops,etcinordertosteal窃贼Sequencen.Orderinwhichthingsoreventsfollowoneanother顺序；序列Squirreln.Smalltree-climbinganimalwithlongfurrytailthateatsnutsandalsostoresthemforthewinter松鼠一、写作中常用的几种定语从句1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。Actually,wecan'tsucceedineverythingthatwetry.(2014·福建高考满分作文)Asailorwhohasexperiencednostormwillneverbecomeanexcellentsailor.(2013·福建高考满分作文)没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。Iamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears(2011·福建高考满分作文).EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightatacrossingwhenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar,whichdroveoffquickly.(2014·湖北高考满分作文)Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes,whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。Thereasonwhypeoplecelebratethefestivalisthattheybelieveitisthetimewhenthemoonisatitsfullestandbrightestinthewholeyear,andpeoplewillgathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciatingthefullmoon.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)人们庆祝这个节日的原因是，他们相信这时候是一年中月亮最满、最亮的时候，人们聚在一起吃月饼、赏满月。3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句Yearsofschoollifehavetaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichwhatstrikesmemostisthatweshouldtakecarenottohurtotherswithourwords,deliberatelyorbyaccident.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)多年的校园生活教会了我很多东西，其中使我印象最深的是我们应该尽量不要用言语伤害别人，无论是故意还是无意。[即时演练]用适当的关系词填空1．Thosewhodosimpleandordinaryjobsarealsopromotingthedevelopmentofthesociety.(2013·广东高考满分作文)2．Asweallknow,cleaningstreetsisoneofthehardestwork.(2013·广东高考满分作文)3．EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)4．Thetruthisereryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)5．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,afterwhichshewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.二、定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，因此在写作时可采用“三步法”：eq\x(\a\al(第一步：写出两个简单句。,第二步：在一个简单句中找出一个要修饰的词汇，这个词在两个简单句中都有。,第三步：把另一个简单句改成定语从句，要特别注意引导词的选择。))[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：theforeigner。第三步：用句②充当定语从句，theforeigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作引导词。Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.[即时演练]把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句1．I'vealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.2．Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.3．Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn'tneedmuchwater.They_planted_the_trees_that/which_didn't_need_much_water.4．Thisisthebestmethod.Itcanbeusedagainstpollution.This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.5．Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.They_sent_some_fruits_to_the_elderly_who_always_feel_lonely,_cleaned_the_rooms_and_had_a_good_chat_with_them.三、定语从句写作的几点注意事项1．误用关系词误：IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.正：IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.误：Ihaveafriend,who'snameisLiuMei.正：Ihaveafriend,whosenameisLiuMei.2．句子残缺误：ThereweremanystudentstookpartintheEnglishcompetition.正：ThereweremanystudentswhotookpartintheEnglishcompetition.误：Thosewhoinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.正：Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.3．有多余词误：ThefilmIsawitlastnightwasreallyverygood.正：ThefilmIsawlastnightwasreallyverygood.误：Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhood.正：Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupinmychildhood.4．定语从句与并列句的混淆误：Infact,smokingisabadhabit,itdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.正：Infact,smokingisabadhabit,which/anditdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.误：Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,itdidn'thelp.正：Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,which/butitdidn'thelp.[即时演练]单句改错1．Thosehaveworkexperiencecanfindajob答案：Those后加who2．Somesongsremindusofthepeoplewhichwe答案：which→who(m)3．Thisisthefactorywevisiteditlast答案：去掉it4．Shehasbeenateacherfor30yearsintheplacewhereusedtobeapoor答案：where→which/that5．Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,itisnamedafterhis答案：it→which或在it前加and[综合演练提升]I.用定语从句翻译短语一个叫做Tom的男孩_____________________教我们英语的老师_____________________昨天我妈妈给我的钱_________________________矗立在河边的楼房______________________________一位皮包被偷了的女士_________________________________我们在农场工作的开心日子__________________________________她工作的地方______________________她没有交作业的原因____________________________总结：定语从句可以修饰主句的不同成分—主语，宾语，表语非限制性定语从句，有时可以修饰整个主句。Thegirlwhostudieshardisverybeautiful.Iknowthegirlwhostudieshard.Thisisthegirlwhostudieshard.II.翻译句子1.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.她上周买的裙子非常好看。Thedress,whichsheboughtlastweek,isverynice.这就是他爸爸工作的地方。Thisistheplacewherehisfatherworks.你们已经取得了很大的进步，这使老师非常高兴。Youhavemadegreatprogress,whichmakesyourteacherveryhappy.众所周知，他是一个好学生。Asisknowntousall,heisagoodstudent.北京是中国的首都，它是一座美丽的城市。Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautiful.鲁迅的原名(realname)是周树人。在他的一生中他写了很多小说和散文（prose)Luxun,whoserealnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanynovelsandprosesinhiswholelife.III.欣赏句子1．我总是会参观一些博物馆，这些博物馆对于拓宽视野、丰富知识来说是不应错过的。Iwouldvisitsomemuseumswhich_should_not_be_missedtowidenmyhorizonsaswellasenrichmyknowledge.(2013·山东高考满分作文)2．当今，父母为他们的独生子女做所有的事情，这使得这些独生子女非常依赖于父母。Nowadaysparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,which_makes_the_children_rely_on_their_parentsbadly.(2013·福建高考满分作文)3．你知道，中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。As_you_know,_ChineseknotsareverypopularwithChinesepeople.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)4．你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。Youknow,myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)5．我经常想起被陌生人的言语伤害和侮辱的时候，甚至有时是来自熟悉的人。IoftenthinkaboutthetimeswhenIhavefelthurtandinsultedbyruderemarksfromstrangersandsometimesevenfromacquaintances.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)IV.改写句子例子：Jackisfromhasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish.HespeaksChineseverywell.改写1：Jackisastudentofourschool,whocomesfromhasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish,andhespeaksChineseverywell.改写2：JackcomesfromCanada.Heisastudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedfor3years.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell.实战演练：Ourclassisabigfamily;Itconsistsof12girlsand50boys.Mostofthemaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangis