2023届北京西城3中高三下学期一模考试英语试题含解析2

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2．答题时请按要求用笔。3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan'tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto______.A．pullout B．pullthroughC．catchup D．catchon2．Please________yourashesbeforeitfailsonthecarpet.A．cutoff B．knockoffC．getoff D．dropoff3．ItwaswhenshefirstarrivedinChina_____shedevelopedapassionforpaper-cutting.A．where B．thatC．how D．why4．---Whereisyournewhomenow?---Inthenewdevelopedzone.ButI______downtownforfiveyears.A．lived B．hadlivedC．havelived D．wasliving5．Ipreferaschool______teachershavetoworkasateam,insteadoffightingagainsteachother.A．where B．that C．as D．when6．It'sthattimeofyearagain，whenAlipay______usjusthowmuchwe'vebeenspending，andonwhat．A．reminds B．remindedC．hasreminded D．isreminding7．—Jenny，howdidyourmathexamgo?—IthoughtI________，butinfactIcameinthetop10%intheclass.A．mighthavefailed B．couldn’thavefailed C．shouldhavefailed D．mustn’thavefailed8．Yourredcoatlookssogood.Itstoodoutclearly______thesnow.A．acrossB．againstC．throughD．over9．--Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.---Thanks.You_______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A．needn’tdo B．shouldn’thavedone C．mustn’tdo D．needn’thavedone10．—Fionaneverfailstograspanychanceofpromotion.—She’sawomanof________.A．ambition B．attentionC．expectation D．reputation11．Wordcamethat30firefightersgavetheirlivestoourcountry_______nationalpropertysecurity.A．inexchangefor B．inresponsetoC．intermsof D．incontrastwith12．—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You___infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A．work B．areworkingC．havebeenworking D．worked13．AgrandbanquetwasheldbyElizabethII_____PresidentXi’scurrentstatevisittotheUK.A．intermsofB．inhonorofC．infavorofD．inmemoryof14．Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelyto______agoodresearcher.A．makeB．turnC．getD．grow15．Inordertomakemycompositionclearerandsmoother,myteacheraskedmeto_________theunnecessarywordsandsentences.A．leavealone B．leavebehindC．leaveoff D．leaveout16．Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboylosthis___andhadabadfall.A．balance B．chanceC．memory D．place17．—Anythingtodrink?Whataboutcoffee?—Er…IthinkI’llhaveacolddrinkcoffee.A．otherthan B．morethan C．lessthan D．ratherthan18．Ifthenewsecuritysystem______intoeffect,suchaccidentswouldneverhavehappened.A．wouldbeput B．wereput C．shouldbeput D．hadbeenput19．publicbicycleswithamobileappismoreconvenientforusers.A．TounlockB．UnlockC．UnlockedD．Unlocking20．We’llhavetofinishit,_____________.A．howeverittakeslong B．howeverlongittakesC．nomatterhowittakes D．nomatterhowlongdoesittake第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Microsofthasdevelopedanewsmartphoneappthatinterpretseyesignalsandtranslatesthemintoletters,allowingpeoplewithmotorneuronediseasetocommunicatewithothersfromaphone.TheGazeSpeakappcombinesasmartphone’scamerawithartificialintelligencetorecognizeeyemovementsinrealtimeandconvertthemintoletters,wordsandsentences.ForpeoplesufferingfromALS（渐冻症）,alsoknownasmotorneuronedisease,eyemovementcanbetheonlywaytheyareabletocommunicate.“Currenteye-trackinginputsystemsforpeoplewithALSorothermotorimpairmentsareexpensive,notstrongandhealthyundersunlight,andrequirefrequentre-checkandlotsofrelativelyfixedsetups,”saidXiaoyiZhang,aresearcheratMicrosoftwhodevelopedthetechnology.“Toeasethedrawbacks…wecreatedGazeSpeak,aneye-gesturecommunicationsystemthatrunsonasmartphone,andisdesignedtobelow-cost,stable,hand-heldandeasytolearn.”Theappisusedbythelistenerbypointingtheirsmartphoneatthespeaker.Achartthatcanbestucktothebackofthesmartphoneisthenusedbythespeakertodeterminewhicheyemovementstomakeinordertocommunicate.Thestickershowsfourgridsofletters,whicheachcorrespondtoadifferenteyemovement.Bylookingup,down,leftorright,thespeakerselectswhichgrids(格)theletterstheywantbelongto.Theartificialintelligencecomputationalprocedureisthenabletopredictthewordorsentencetheyaretryingtosay.Zhang’sresearch,Smartphone-BasedGazeGestureCommunicationforPeoplewithMotorDisabilities,issettobepresentedattheConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystemsinMay.1、Whowillbenefitfromthenewly-developedApp?A．ALSvictims.B．peoplewitheyedisabilities.C．smartphoneaddicts.D．technologyresearchers.2、WhatarenotthebasicelementsusedintheApp?A．Artificialintelligence.B．Asmartphone’scamera.C．User’seyemovements.D．Hand-writtenletters.3、Whatdidtheresearchersdotoimprovethecurrenteye-trackinginputsystems?A．Tochecktheeyesignalstwicetomakeitfixed.B．Tocreateastableandconvenienteye-gesturecommunicationsystem.C．Topointthesmartphoneatthespeaker.D．Tolookup,down,leftorright.22．（8分）Asamanager,youwanttohelpyouremployees.Andthat'sgreat.Whenanemployeecomestoyouwithaproblem,youmaytendtojumpinandofferadvice.Whileyourintentionsarenoble,youmayenduphelpingwhereitisn'tactuallyneededortakingovertheconversationaltogether.Yougointorescuermode,andit'sunderstandable.You'retryingtohelpoutwhereveryoucan.Butattheendoftheday,you'revery;tiredbecauseyou'vetakenonmorethanyoushouldhave,andyourteammemberisdepressedbecauseresponsibilitiesweretakenawayfromthem.Youthoughtyouwerehelpingasmuchasyoucould,butinsteadyouunderminedtheirmoraleastheyhadnochancetoachievesomethingindependently.Theeasiestwaytoavoidthissituationistobelazy.Youjustaskquestions,especially,askthelaziestcoachingquestion:"HowcanIhelp?"Thisisthelaziestwaytofindoutwhatyouremployeeneedsfromyou.Byaskingsomethinglikethis,youforcethepersontodecidewhattheyneedexactly—theymightnotevenknowyetthemselves.Ortheyknowwhattheyneedandwilltellyou,inthehopethatyou'llagreewithwhateveritis.Eitherway,askingthelazyquestioncreatesawin-winsituation,asitresultsinaclearanddirectrequestthatwillleadtothesolutionyouremployeeislookingfor.Byaskingthislazyquestion,youavoidjumpingintohelpinthewaywhichyoufirstthinkisneeded—nomorerescuermode!Askingquestionsisaself-managementtoolbecauseitkeepsyoulazyandyetshowsyourcuriosity.Belazyandalsobeoutspoken.Askyouremployee,“Whatdoyouwantfromme?”Ofcourse,becarefulofhowyousaythis,becausenoteveryonewilllikethis.Askyouremployee,really,truly,“WhatcanIdotohelp?”Itsoundseasy,butitcanbehardtoresistthetemptationtojumpinandhelpsomeone,ortoofferadvice.However,intheend,you'llfindthataskingthelazyquestionmakesyoumoreusefultothoseyoumanage,anditwillhelpyouworklesshardand.havemoreimpact.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"underminedtheirmorale"meaninParagraph2?A．Loweredtheirsalary.B．Madethemmuchlazier.C．Gavethemmorefreedom.D．Affectedtheirgrowthandenthusiasm.2、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Mostpeopleliketobeincontroloftheconversation.B．It'sunwisetoaskwhatanemployeeactuallyneeds.C．Sometimeswecan'thelpofferinghelptoothers.D．Itisbesttoofferadvicewhenyou'reaskedto.3、Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．BeingaLazyManagerisaGoodThingB．HowtoOfferAdviceatProperTimeC．WhyPeopleareWillingtoHelpOthersD．HowtoBecomeanIndependentEmployee23．（8分）WhenthecathedralofNotreDamedeParis(巴黎圣母院)wasonfire,itseemedasifthenationhadlostapieceofitssoul.Asimilartragedytookplacein19thcenturyRussia.AndtherebuildingeffortoftheRussiansmightoffersomeinspirationfortheFrench.StandingintheheartoftheRussiancapital,with60,000squaremetersoffloorspaceand1,500rooms,theWinterPalacewasamongtheworld’sgrandestbuilding.OnDec.17,1837,afirebrokeoutattheWinterPalace.BythemorningofDec.19,onlythestructure’sframeworkremained.Fortheczar(沙皇),thefirepresentedapoliticalchallenge.FearingthatRussia'senemieswouldcastthefireasablowtotheczaristorders,theczar’ssupportersquicklyworkedtogethertoshapethedescriptionofthefireinRussiaandabroad.Theywantedthecountrytoappearunited.Andtheycertainlydidn'twantdespairtobecomethestory.ThefirstfullaccountofthefirewaswritteninFrenchbythepoetPetrViazemskii.ARussiantranslationappearedtwomonthslater.Thattextandotherspaintedahighlyidealizedpictureoftheresponsetothetragedy.Theaccountsnotedthattheczarforcefullydirectedthefire’scontainment.Soldierswereselflesstosavethepalace.TheRussianpeoplefeltthelossjustasdeeplyastheczar.Toerasetheshameofthefire,theczarsetanearlyimpossiblegoal:rebuildthepalacewithin15months,andheorderedthatrebuiltpalacelookexactlyasithadbefore.Thousandsofworkerslaboredontheconstructionsite.Theymaderapidprogress.OnMatch25,1839,theczarcelebratedtherebirthoftheWinterPalace.Outwardlyidenticaltotheoldversion,thenewpalacefeaturedmoreironandbrickinitsstructures---andlesswood.Itwasfarlessfire-pronethantheoriginal.NotreDamehasn’texperiencedthesamelevelofdestructionastheWinterPalace,iftheRussianphoenixof1839isanyindication,thereishopethatarenewedNotreDamewillonceagaingracethebanksoftheSeine.1、WhatdoweknowaboutthefireintheWinterPalace?A．Itburntdown60,000roomsB．Itlastedmorethan24hoursC．ItwassetbyRussia’senemiesD．Itcompletelydestroyedthepalace2、Whydidtheczardecidetorebuildthepalaceinashorttime?A．TosecurehispowerB．TochallengehisenemiesC．TouniteFrenchpeopleD．Tocelebratehisbirthday3、WhatdidViazemskiiandothersstressintheiraccounts?A．ThesceneofthefireB．TheselflessnessoftheczarC．TheRussians’jointefforttofightthefireD．TheidealresultachievedbytheRussians.4、What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TodescribeafireattheWinterPalaceB．TopraisetherenewaloftheWinterPalaceC．WeexpresssympathyfortheNotreDameD．ToinspireconfidenceinrebuildingtheNotreDame.24．（8分）Grassehasalwaysbeenassociatedwithsmell.IntheMiddleAgesitsmeltparticularlyunpleasantduetoitsleathertanning(制革)industry.Thenoblesonlyrarelyvisitedtheprettyandcharmingtowntopickuptheirhandmadeleathergloves.Inspiteoftheirgrandlandsinthesurroundingcountryside?Grassewascertainlyanecessaryevilwithnoself-respectingnoblesowningbuildingsthere.Molinard,aGrassetanner(制革工人)himself,createdthefirstGrasseperfume.Wordspreadlikewildfireamongstthenoblesaboutthedesignerperfumedgloves.MolinardofferedapairofhisglovestoCatherinedeMedici(theQueen),whogaveplentyofpraisetoherGrasseperfumedgloves;shealmostassured(确保)Grasse’sreputationastheperfumecapitaloftheworld.ThankstoCatherinedeMedici,Grassemerchantswereencouragedtogrowtheperfumeplantsthattannersneededtosupplyperfumedleathertothenobles.Grassehasfourperfumefactoriesaswellasaperfumeschoolandaperfumemuseum.Fragonard’sperfumemuseumissituatedonthefirstfloorofitsperfumefactoryanddisplaysanamazingprivatecollectionofperfumebottles,presentationboxes,documentsandequipmentthattellsthehistoryofperfumemakingfromitsearliestbeginningstothepresentday.Theperfumemuseumisopeneveryday,Sundaysandpublicholidaysincluded.Grasseiscertainlyaperfumedheaven,afarcryfromitssmellybeginningasaleathertanningtown.Nowfamousforafarsweetersmell,Grasseissurroundedbyfieldsofflowersthatmakerealestate(不动产)inGrasseverypopular.ThoselookingforrealestateinFrancewouldhavetogoalongwaytofindanywheremorecharmingthanGrassewiththecityofNiceanditsairportjustashortdriveawayandplentyofactivitiestoenjoyinthesurroundingcountryside.RealestateinGrasseissituatedbetweentheSouthernAlpsandtheCoted’Azur,allowingownersthebestofbothworlds.1、WhywasGrasseconsideredtobenecessaryalthoughitwasanevil?A．Becauseitproducedleathergloves.B．Becauseitmadethenobleslookrespectable.C．Becausemanynobleslivedinitscountryside.D．Becauseitwasabeautifulandattractivetown.2、WhatcanwelearnaboutFragonard’sperfumemuseum?A．Ithasseveralperfumefactories.B．Itcanbevisitedalltheyearround.C．Itisfamousforitsperfumeschool.D．ItshowsvisitorsthehistoryofGrasse.3、Whatdotheunderlinedwords“afarcry”inthe4thparagraphprobablymean?A．agoodlongcryB．totallyabsentC．verydifferentD．fardistant4、Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Grasseisstilllesscompetitiveinrealestate.B．Grasseisnowaperfectplaceforpeopletolive.C．Grasseisbecominganimportanttouristattraction.D．LivinginGrassemightcauseyoumuchinconvenience.25．（10分）HalfanhourintoacookingcompetitionatGreenStreetAcademy,TyanaGivens,15,dippedaplasticspoonintoapotwithtomatoes,bellpeppers,onions,garlicandmushroomsoveraburnerinascienceclassroom.Sheandthetwootherstudents,KalimahBallandMayaSmith,weremakingmeatsauce.Thegirlshadspentthepastfiveweekslearninghowtogrowtheirownproduceusingfoodcomputers-tabletopgreenhousescontrolledbycomputerprograms-atGreenStreetAcademy,acharterschoolinBaltimore.Thecourse,whichweavedtogetherlessonsonprogramming,foodsystemsandagriculture,endedwithan“IronChef”-stylecookingcontest.WiththehelpofinstructorMelanieShimano,thegirlsfinishedtheircontestsuccessfullyusingthefoodtheyplantedintabletopgreenhouses.Thetabletopgreenhousescancontroltemperature,lightandwaterinsideusingthecomputercodethatthestudentswrotebythemselves.Shimano,a26-year-oldentrepreneur,piloted(试行)thecourseaspartofGreenStreetAcademy’sjuniorbiotechnologyclassinthespringandwillexpandtheprogramtootherschoolsinthefall.“Technologyisnotsomethingthatalotofteachershavealotofresourcesforallthetime,butit’ssomethingthat’snotdifficulttodowitharelativelylowamountoffunding,”Shimanosaid.“Baltimoreisacenterforstartupsandfood,sokindoffosteringthatcultureofbeingintotechnologyandintodesignandseeingallthepiecesfittogetherisreallycool.”WhilehercourseisuniquetoBaltimore,it’spartofabroaderprogrambornattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology’sMediaLabcalledtheOpenAgricultureInitiative,orOpenAg,whichaimstocreateinventive,sustainablefoodsystemsthroughopen-sourcetechnology.Inadditionto10full-timestaffandresearchers,OpenAgisprimarilyanonlinecommunityofabout1,400educators,growers,chefsandretailersin47countries,accordingtoHildrethEngland,OpenAg’sassistantdirector.“Theinterestlevelacrosstheboardgenerallycomesfromfolkswhoareconcernedaboutfoodsystemsandconcernedabouttheenvironment,andit’susuallyacombinationofthetwo,”Englandsaid.1、What’sspecialaboutthecoursetakenbyTyanaGivens?A．It’sacookingcourseB．ItinvolvesseveralsubjectsC．ItisintendedforacontestD．Itiscontrolledbytabletopgreenhouses.2、Whydidthestudentshavetowritecomputercodestogrowfood?A．TowinacookingcontestB．TofinishhomeworkC．TocreateagreenhouseD．Tocontrolthegrowingconditions3、What’sShimano’sopinionabouttechnologyeducation?A．ItcallsofteacherswithmanyresourcesB．ItcallsforalotofmoneyC．ItissupposedtocombineskillstogetherD．Itcanonlybecarriedoutinbigcities.4、WhatcanbelearnedabouttheOpenAgricultureInitiative?A．Itisparticipatedbyfull-time.M.I.TresearchersaswellaspeoplefromdifferentwalkoflifeB．ItwillhelpcreateabettereducationsystemC．ItonlycoverstheUSAD．Itfocusesonfoodandcateringindustry.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）LunchhouriscrazyatSAMECafe,the40-seatrestaurantmyhusbandandIruninDenver.Awomanina(n)1suitsteppedin."Hi,Libby."shesaid.Wow,whata2!Thefirsttimeshecametothecafetwoyearsago,shehadnomoneytopay.3manycustomers,shevolunteeredtowashdishesand4Lookathernow:confidentandhopeful.Wasn'tthiswhatwe'dhopedfor?In2003,we'd5thiscrazydream:startarestaurantwithadonationboxinsteadofacashregister.Rightawaywehithurdles（阻碍）."Thereisnosuchthingasa6lunch,"onepotentiallandlordsniffed.Imetbrokers,bankersandsuppliers,onlytowatchthem7,shakingtheirheads.Nobankwouldlendusthemoneytoopenarestaurantwithno8Theonlyfundwecouldgetwasourindividualretirementaccount.9werentedspacefromalandlordonColfaxStreet.Weputflyers（传单）aroundtheneighborhood,askedfriendsto10theword,andheldourbreath.Wordtraveledfast,11storiesinthepapersandonTV.Soonwehadmorethan50customersaday.Afewatewithoutpayingor12anhourofwork.Butmostgavewhattheycould,13itwasjustadollar.Thosewithmoneygave,andthenmore.Oneofourcustomerslefta14for500dollars.Anotherbought1000dollarsingiftcertificates.15anotherdonatedatrucksowecouldtransport16fromsuppliers.Peoplecameherepartlyforwhatourcafe17—SAME:SoAllMayEat.Wetreateveryonewith18Wehopedtodevelopasenseofcommunitysothatwemight19oneanother.Thewomaninbusinesssuitwasoneofthem.Our20toopenthecafewasworthit.1、A．dinner B．evening C．business D．summer2、A．change B．beauty C．fool D．coincidence3、A．With B．Like C．Besides D．Towards4、A．wait B．sing C．perform D．sweep5、A．lived B．hatched C．ignored D．achieved6、A．packed B．delicious C．free D．delivered7、A．crowdtogether B．floodin C．walkaway D．turnup8、A．staffsupport B．regularcustomers C．lunchboxes D．cashregister9、A．Unfortunately B．Finally C．Interestingly D．Illegally10、A．analyze B．read C．spread D．approve11、A．thanksto B．apartfrom C．aheadof D．accordingto12、A．regretting B．gaining C．donating D．balancing13、A．onlywhen B．andforever C．sothat D．evenif14、A．reward B．check C．bill D．list15、A．Still B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Thus16、A．lunch B．customers C．dishes D．produce17、A．stoodfor B．appliedfor C．benefitedfrom D．dependedon18、A．patience B．generosity C．confidence D．dignity19、A．protect B．trust C．help D．treasure20、A．dream B．struggle C．management D．Style第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Thetomatoisanutrient-densesuper-foodthatoffersbenefitstoarangeofbodilysystems.Itsnutritionalcontentsupports1．(health)skin,weightlossandhearthealth.Despitebotanically2．(be)afruit,it'sgenerallyeatenandpreparedlikeavegetable.Tomatoesarethemajordietarysourceoftheantioxidantlycopene,3．canreducetheriskofheartdiseaseandcancer.TheyarealsoagreatsourceofvitaminC,potassium,foliate,andvitaminK.Usuallyredwhenmature,tomatoescomein4．varietyofcolors,Includingyellow,orange,green,andpurple.Generallyspeaking,cookedtomatoesare5．convenienttonutrientabsorptionthanrawtomatoes.However,Itisnotappropriate6．(heat)tomatoesathightemperaturesforalongtime.Tomatoescanbepreparedindifferentways.InChinesecuisine,tomatoesare7．(frequent)usedasagarish(装饰物)，addingarefreshingsour-sweetflavor8．meatydishes.OneofthemosttraditionalChinese9．(example)ofhome-stylecooking,scrambledeggs(炒蛋)withtomatoes,10．(reflect)howmuchChinesepeopleenjoythisjuicy,savoryfruit.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。KangarooIslandistheplacewhereyoucanquiet“gobush”andseenativeAustraliananimalsandbirdsastheyaremeanttobeseeninthewild,whichisfilledwithhistorydatedbackto1802whenitwasfirstsightedbyCaptainMatthewFlinders.ThefirstEuropeanexplorersfoundKangarooIslanduninhabited,thatevidencedbythelackforcampfiresandtamedanimals.Byfar,aboriginalcampsiteshavediscoveredinth