职称英语卫生类A级-8-真题-无答案

职称英语卫生类A级-8（总分100，考试时间90分钟）第1部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.A.reluctant B.eagerC.pleased D.angryItislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.A.suggestedB.warnedC.stated D.describedThesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.A.deny B.investigateC.stress D.createTheunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.A.explained B.inventedC.considered D.acceptedIthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyrequlateorenlargeanoldone.A.manage B.controlC.revise D. outsetThefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.A.function B.abilityC.power D. volumeAredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.A.sign B.substituteC.proof D.targetThebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry'shistory.A.clean B.perfectC.real D.briefHetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.A.heavy B.mildC.kindD.wildThecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o'clock.A.began B.continuedC.ended D.resumed

Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.A.supported B. excitedC.inspired D. directedOurlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.A.tensely B. nearlyC.carefully D. closelyThesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.A.graduallyB.suddenlyC.excessively D.exceptionallyItisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.A.making B.takingC.discussing D.expectingOurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.A.waste B.buyC.use D.sell第2部分：阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。UsingHIVVirustoCureCancerScientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）virus（HIV）,oneofmankind'smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody'simmune（免疫的）defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies,accordingtotheObserver.AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld'sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）tobeginclinicalgenetherapy（治疗）trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave"farwiderapplications".Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas"shocking"butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient'sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics（遗传学）haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.Unfortunately,thebody'simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecells

designedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients'bodies.FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedHIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody'simmunecells.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedOthercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedItisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3〜6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。ExercisingYourMemoryAgingdoesnotmeanadramaticdeclineinmemorypower,unlessyouhelpithappenbylettingyourmindgo.That'snottosaythatmemorydoesn'tchangethroughoutlife.Researchersdividememoryintocategoriesbasedonthelengthoftimewhenmemoriesarestored.Onesystemdividesitupasshort-term（lessthanoneminute;rememberingatelephonenumberwhileyoudial,forinstance）,long-term（overaperiodofyears）andverylong-termmemory（overalifetime）.Short-termmemoryisn'tmastereduntilaboutage7,butafterthatyouneverloseit.Long-termmemory,however,involvesmoreeffortandskillandchangesmorethroughlife.It'snotuntiltheearlyteens（十几岁）thatmostpeopledevelopamaturelong-termmemory.First,wemustgetinformationintoourheadsthroughlearning.Learningstrategiescangetrusty（生锈）withoutconstantuse.Highschoolandcollegestudents,whoareforcedtorepeatedlyexercisetheirlongtermmemoryabilities（atleastlong-termenoughtogetthemthroughafinalexam）,usuallydowellonmemorytests.Thelongeryoustayinschool,themorechanceyougettopolishyourlearningskills.It'snowonderthatmorehighlyeducatedpeoplehavemoreeffectivememoryskillsthroughoutlife.Althougholderpeopleingenerallearnsomewhatmoreslowlythantheydidwhenyounger,adramaticdifferenceexistsbetweenthosewhostayintellectuallyactivemreading,discussing,takingclasses,thinking—andthosewhodonot.Givingthebrainadailyworkout（锻炼）isjustasimportantasexercisingyourmuscles.Brainworkkeepsyourlearningstrategiesinshape,andthishelpsyourmemorytofunctionatfullcapacity.Thenextpartofahealthylong-termmemoryisretention（记忆力）,theabilitytostorewhatyouhavelearned.Memoryresearchersstilldonotknowwhethermemoriesarelost-whethertheystillexistinthebrainbutourmentalsearchingcannotturnthemup,orhavedisappearedentirelyasourbrainages.Thethirdnecessityformemoryisrecall,theabilitytobringtomindthememorieswehavestored.Again,whileaginghaswidelydifferenteffectsontherecallabilitiesofdifferentpeople,researchindicatesthattheolderweget,thelongerittakestorecallfacts.Butslowerrecallisstillrecall.Infact,agingdoesnotseemtohaveanyeffectonforgettingatall,whichtakesplaceatthe

samerateinyoungerandolderpeople.Paragraph324.Paragraph425.Paragraph526.Paragraph627.Retentionrefersto.Therateofforgettingisthesame.Rememberingsomethingallyourlife.Exercisingyourbraineverydayisbeneficial.第4部分：阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第篇FirstAidFirstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,aclearairway（气道），andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim'sconditionfromturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifference**pleterecoveryandlossoflife.First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim'sneedsandtheprovider'slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal（脊柱的）injuryandparalysis（瘫痪）.Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocal*lforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson'sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes（糖尿病）orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet（手镯）orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim'sconditionisknownbytheacronym（首字母缩写语）ABC,whichstandsfor:A-Airway:isitopenandclear?B-Breathing:isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.C-Circulation:isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPTA.savingavictim'slife.

preventingavictim'sconditionfromgettingworse.helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury.relievingavictimfrompain.Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforusA.torefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.tomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo.toremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.totakehimtoahospitalatonce.Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofallremovehimfromtheaccidentscene,turnhimover.examinehimcarefully.callforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Youmayassessavictim'sconditionbyallthefollowingEXCEPTcheckingwhetherthereisapulse.looking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.examiningwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.replacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereadersomebasicfactsaboutfirstaid.theimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.whatprofessionalmedicalhelpis.whocanadministerfirstaid.AAk--第二二二篇StressatWorkandStillHealthyThetermcouldyetbecomethewordoftheyear:stressisoneveryone'slipsthesedaysandeverywhere.Notonlymanagers,officialsandteachers**plainingnowadays,housewives,childrenandpensionersnowalsohavetheirownproblems.Theytoosacrificethemselvesforothers,feelunder-oroverworkedandquicklylosetheirinnerbalance.Irritation,tirednessandexhaustionquicklyfollow.Butthatisonlythenegativeaspect.Stress,afterall,isalsolinkedtopositivetermssuchasjoyoflife,tensionandvitality（活力）."Firstly,stressishealthy,"saysWolfgangStehlingfromEItvelle.Thedoctorandmanagementconsultantsays:"Itoccurswhenthebodylosesitsinnerbalance,butthenstresshormonesareproducedtore-establishthebalance."Thusstressisnothingmorethanapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.Itisunavoidableaspartofournature:"Thereisnosuchthingasastress-freelife."Butwhetherstressleadstotensionsinthemindortotensenessofthemusclesdependsontheduration（持续时间）,itscauseorcausesandthesufferer'spersonalsituation.Peoplewhohavetroublesleepingorsufferfrombadmoodsorsimplythefluwillnotbeontopoftheworldandwilltakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress.Others,peoplewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn,arerelaxedandsuccessful,willviewadifficultroundofnegotiationsorcompetitionatworkmoreasapositivechallengethanacrosstobear.Exercise,healthyeatingandrelaxationarethusthethreepillarsbywhichstresscanbeconqueredalmosteverytime.Thesefactorsformaunit,explainsMaritaVoelker-Albert,

spokeswomanforthegovernment'sNutritionAdviceCenterinCologne.Itscampaign"GutDrauf"（FeelingGood）istargetedatyoungpeople.Thegovernmentagency'sresearchsuggeststhatthreeoutoffouradolescentsfeeltired,overtaxed（负担过重）andunderstress.Eatingdisorders**plaintssuchasmigraines（偏头痛）andindigestion（消化不良）,nervousnessandconcentrationproblemshaveincreasedamong12-to16-year-olds.Buteventhebestsolutionsdon'tworkiftheyarenotputintopractice,saysStehling.Anybodywhogoesjoggingregularly,practicesyoga（瑜伽功）andprescribesgoodliteratureasacurefornegativestress,maywellendupundermorepressureashetriestofindthetimeforitall.Sometimes,saystheconsultant,ithelpstotaketimeouttoreducestresslevelsoveraweekend.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectviewonstress?Stresshasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.Stressisonlyapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.Stressisunavoidableaspartofournature.Stressonlyleadstoseriousproblems.Apersonwhohaslosthisinnerbalancemaysoonfeelfitandhealthy.under-oroverworked.irritated,tiredandexhausted.relaxedandhappy.Whowilleasilytakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress?Thosewhoareingoodmoods.Thosewhosufferfromtheflu.Thosewhoaresuccessful.Thosewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn.Allthe**plaintsaresaidtohaveincreasedamongchildrenaged12to16EXCEPTA.painfulheadache.indigestion.lossofmemory.nervousnessandconcentrationproblems.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecurefornegativestress?Readinggoodliterature.Practicingyoga.Workingovertime.Havingahealthydiet.第_三篇IstheNewsBelievable?Unlessyouhavegonethroughtheexperienceyourself,orwatchedalovedone'sstruggle,youreallyhavenoideajusthowdesperatecancercanmakeyou.Youpray,yourage,youbargainwithGod,butmostofallyouclutchatanyhope,nomatterhowremote,ofasecondchanceatlife.Forafewexciteddayslastweek,however,itseemedasifthewholeworldwasacancerpatientandthatallhumankindhadbeengrantedareprieve（痛苦减轻）.TriggeredbyafrontmedicalnewsstoryintheusuallyreservedNewYorkTimes,allanybodywastalkingabout—on

theradio,ontelevision,ontheInternet,inphonecallstofriendsandrelatives—wasthereportthatacombinationoftwonewdrugscould,astheTimesputit,"curecancerintwoyears."Inamatterofhourspatientshadjammedtheirdoctors'phonelinesbeggingforachancetotestthemiraclecancercure.Cancerscientistsracedtothephonestomakesureeveryoneknewabouttheirresearchtoo,generatinganewroundofheadlines.Thetimecertainlyseemedripeforabreakthroughincancer.OnlylastmonthscientistsattheNationalCancerInstituteannouncedthattheywerehaltingaclinicaltrialofadrugcalledtamoxifen（他莫昔芬）一andofferingittopatientsgettingtheplacebo（安慰剂）一becauseithadprovedsoeffectiveatpreventingbreastcancer（althoughitalsoseemedtoincreasetheriskofuterine（子宫的）cancer）.TwoweekslatercametheNewYorkTimes'reportthattwonewdrugscanshrinktumorsofeveryvarietywithoutanysideeffectswhatsoever.Itallseemedtoogoodtobetrue,andofcourseitwas.Therearenomiraclecancerdrugs,atleastnotyet.Atthisstageallthedrugmanufacturercanofferissomeveryinterestingmolecules,andtheonlycancerstheyhavecuredsofarhavebeeninmice.BYthemiddleoflastweek,eventheTVtalk-showhostswhotalkedmostaboutthenewshadlearnedwhateveryscientistalreadyknew:thatcuringadiseaseinlabanimalsisnotthesameasdoingitinhumans."Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasbeenahistoryofcuringcancerinthemouse,"Dr.RichardKlausner,headoftheNationalCancerInstitute,toldtheLosAngelesTimes."Wehavecuredmiceofcancerfordecades—anditsimplydidn'tworkinpeople."Accordingtothepassage,apersonsufferingfromcancerwillgiveupanyhope.prayforthehealthofhislovedones.gooutofhiswaytohelpothers.seizeeverychanceofsurvival.Theunprecedentedinterestinthecureofcancerwasarousedbyanationwidediscussionofthetopic.anannouncementbytheNationalCancerInstitute.areportintheNewYorkTimes.amedicalnewsstoryintheLosAngelesTimes.AccordingtotheNewYorkTimes'report,acombinationoftwonewdrugscouldA.reducethesizeofalltumors.preventbreastcancer.curevariousdiseases.preventuterinecancer.Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,"itwas"means"itwastrue.""itwastoogoodtobetrue.""itwasamiracledrug.""itwasgood."Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasshownthatmiraclecancerdrugsoftenturnupunexpectedly,B.themassmediacanworkwonders.curingcancersinmiceismucheasierthaninhumans.

animalsandhumansaresimilarinbehaviour.第5部分：补全对话阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。ANewMedicinetoTreatBothAIDSandHepatitisBAmedicineapprovedlastmonthtotreatAIDS（艾滋病）alsoshowspromiseagainsthepatitisB（乙型肝炎）.Thedrug,3TC,putsdownthehepatitisBvirusinpeoplewithchronicinfections,stoppingitsdamagetotheliver,researchersreported.AboutonemillionAmericansarethoughttobeinfectedwithhepatitisB,whichcanleadtocirrhosis（肝硬化）,liverfailureandlivercancerinasmallproportionofvictimsifleftuntreated.（46）"It'sapreliminarystudy,butthisispromising.ItlookslikeithasthepotentialtomakeasignificantimpactonhepatitisB,"saidDrJulesL.DienstagofMassachusettsGeneralHospital,whodirectedthestudy.Currently,theonlytreatmentforhepatitisBisinterferon（干扰素）.Suchatreatmentcanpermanentlyeliminatethevirusinaboutone-thirdofpatients.（47）Inthelateststudy,doctorsfoundthat3TCappearedtoknockouttheviruspermanentlyinabout20%ofpatientswhengivenforthreemonths.（48）Unlikeinterferon,3TCisgiveninpillformandcarriesfewsideeffects.ThedrugwasapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministrationinNovemberforuseagainstAIDS.BoththehepatitisBvirusandtheAIDSvirusneedaproteintoreproduce.（49）DoctorshavetestedsimilarAIDSdrugsagainsthepatitisB.Butallexcept3TChaveturnedouttobeineffectiveortootoxic（有毒的）.DrJayHoofnagleoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidanextstepwillbetocombine3TCwithinterferontoseeifthetwodrugstogetherimprovethechanceofcuringhepatitisB."Itlooksextremelypromising,"hesaidof3TC.（50）3TCisoneofagroupofdrugsthatblockproductionofthisprotein.Interferonmustbeinjectedforfourtosixmonthsandoftenhasunpleasantsideeffects,includingflu-likesymptoms,fatigueanddepression.ThehospitalisamongthebiggestonesinAmerica.Dienstagsaidhehopesthatwithlongertreatment,thisresponseratecanbedoubled."It'snottheanswer,butit'sastepintherightdire