C2E增词法和减词法

Unit3增词法和减词法AmplificationandOmission1教学目的要求：在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。教学重点：增词法和减词法（代词和连词）教学难点：汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。2

一、为了保证语法结构的完整：代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。

1．大作收到，十分高兴。Iamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.2．没有调查就没有发言权。Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.

3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。Afteryouhavereadthesestories,telltheminyourownwords.

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我们响应了祖国的号召。Werespondedtothecallofourmotherland.5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands,asiftoprotecthereyes.

6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。Thechildrentaketheirlunchtoschooleveryday.

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我们的心永远向着祖国。Ourheartsarealwaystowardsourmotherland.4连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。1.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.2．留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.53．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。Menandwomen,oldandyounginthevillage,alllikedshoppinginthatsmallsupermarket.4．我妈妈来了，我得回去了。Mymotherhasarrived,soIhavetoleavenow.5．送君千里，终有一别。Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.6介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。Weshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry.2．

你白天还是晚上飞广州？DoyouflytoGuangzhouinthedaytimeoratnight?3．

那我们山脚见吧。Let’smeetatthefootofthehill.7冠词：1．她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。Sheconsideredhimnotafather-in-lawbutafather.2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.8二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。文中暗含的意思：1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。EveryoneknowsthatlifeontheKoreanbattlefieldwasratherhard.2．要提倡顾全大局。Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.9添加注释性的词语：

1．班门弄斧Showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.Showoffone’sskillswiththeaxebeforeanexpertcarpenter.2．三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.103.这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。

Thisyoungcoupleisnotwell-matched,oneisaXishi,--afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheotherisaZhangfei—awell-knownill-temperedbrute.4.滥竽充数：pretendtoplaytheyu(anancientmusicalinstrument)andretainone’spositionintheorchestra///(ofincompetentpeopleorinferiorgoods)betherejusttomakeupthenumber11增加概括性的词语

1.结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.2.也许您忘记了７月份的购货帐还没有结算。PerhapsyouhaveoverlookedthefactthatyouraccountforJulypurchaseshasnotyetbeensettled.12Omission一、重复出现某词（排比句中）1．俘虏望望沈明，又望望其他的人，没有说下去。LookingatShenMing,thenattheothers,theprisonerofwarfellsilent.TheprisonerofwarlookedatShenmingandthentheothers.Hedidnotkeepontalking.132．我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。Wemustadheretothesocialistroad,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,theCommunistParty’sleadershipandMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.3.质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.144.郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”ComradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,tomakeinventionsandtomakerevolution.”ComradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousinexploration,innovationandrevolution.”15二、原文中表示范畴的词：

1.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面，中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车。TheChineseembassyinIraqhasorderedtwobulletproofcarsfromGermanyduetothesocialunrestandupheavalinIraqatpresent.2.在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。UndertheleadershipoftheParty,theChinesepeoplehavesucceededintheirliberation.161.

我们必须培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。Wemustcultivatetheabilitytoanalyseandsolvetheproblems.2.

多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。Formanyyears,therehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.3.

他们是亲密无间的朋友。Theyareclose/bosom/intimatefriends.4.

这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.17

5.

前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Whiletheprospectsarebright,theroadhastwistsandturns.6.

理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。Thatthetheorymus