名词性从句(讲练结合)课件

名词性从句1a名词性从句1a名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它们都可以由名词充当（名词作主语、宾语、表语和同位语），因此被统称为名词性从句。四种名词性从句的共同特点是：它们的语序都是陈述的语序。2a名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下是由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。如：Whodidthatisknowntoall.是谁干的早已众所周知。Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.真有趣，你竟然会喜欢他。

1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否);Thathewillcomeandhelpus

iscertain.Whetherwewillsucceed

isstillaquestion.Itisnotknown

whetherhewillcome.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.3a主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但2.常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构:

Itis+名词+that从句；Itisafact(apity，ashame，nowonder，goodnews...)that...

Itis+形容词+that从句；Itisnecessary(strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，...)that...这类句中谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形｡

Itis+过去分词+that从句；Itissaid(reported，decided，believed，...)that...

It+不及物动词+that从句；Itseems(happened，doesn’tmatter，hasturnedout，...)that...4a2.常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构:

Itis+3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC.if

D.for

为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。5a3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeop4.主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoaregoingtherehavebeendecided.3.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater.6a4.主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。它位于连系动词(如be，seem，remain等后)。按引导词的不同，可分为下面三类：(1)由从属连词引导（if不能引导表语从句）如：Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事实是我们落后于别的组。(2)由连接代词引导。如：Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国已不是从前那个样子了。(3)由连接副词引导。如：Thisiswhereyouarewrong.这正是你错的地方。7a表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。它位于连系动词(如7a(4)有时as，asif，asthough，because也可以引导表语从句。如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.天看上去好像要下雨。Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.那是因为你吃得太多。asif引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小｡

Heactedasifhehadn’teatenforalongtime.

表示建议､命令､要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气:

MysuggestionisthatyoushouldpractisereadingEnglisheveryday.

8a(4)有时as，asif，asthough，becaus表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.

但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.seem,appear后可接that引导的从句,而look则不可.

这三个词后都可用asif/asthough引导从句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/appears/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.关于引导词的说明9a表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.关于引导词的说明9宾语从句宾语从句即在句中作宾语的从句。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以接宾语从句，宾语从句的用法必须把握三个关键点：连接词、语序和时态。1.宾语从句的时态(1)在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。如：Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。MissGreensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。10a宾语从句宾语从句即在句中作宾语的从句。在谓语动词、介词、动词(2)在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句的时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，先用适合的时态。如：Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveafootballmatch?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？YouknowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已经去上海了。(3)当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，都用一般现在时。如：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光比声音的速度要快。11a(2)在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现2.宾语从句的语序(1)如果是助动词do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉这些助动词，从句中的谓语动词要根据主句的时态作出相应的变化。如：Doeshesingwell?Theteacheraskedhim.→Teacheraskedhimwhether/ifhesangwell.(2)如果是will，be，have，can等助动词、情态动词构成的问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要把这类词还原到句中原来谓语的位置上，同时根据主句的时态作出相应的变化。如：Sheaskedme.Willyoubefreetomorrow?→SheaskedmeifIwouldbefreethenextday.提示：带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。若主句是陈述句，句末用句号，主句是疑问句则用问号。12a2.宾语从句的语序12a3.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that，whether与if。另外有连接代词what，which，who，whom及连接副词when，where，how，why。具体如下：(1)宾语从句的句子是陈述句用that引导，that可以省略。如：Heknew(that)heshouldstudyhard.他知道他应该努力学习。(2)宾语从句的句子是一般疑问句用if或whether引导。如：Heaskedmeif/whetherhecouldcomein.他问我他能否进来。(3)作为宾语从句的句子若是特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词引导。如：Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?你能告诉我你在哪个班吗？13a3.宾语从句的引导词13a2.当that引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that不能省略。如：Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill.IhearditsaidthathehadgonetoAustralia.1.由连词that引导:that常可省略。Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略that.)Hesaid(that)hehadfinishedreadingthisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.关于that的说明3.当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.14a2.当that引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行（1）作动词的宾语:

Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.他不知道邮局在哪里｡作宾语的情形

动词suggest，order，demand，require等表示建议､命令､要求的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(宾语从句的谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略｡)

Isuggestedthatyou(should)startrightnow.我建议你马上开始｡如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面｡

Ithoughtitstrangethathedidn’tpasstheexam.我觉得他没通过考试很奇怪｡15a（1）作动词的宾语:

Hedoesn’tknow在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式｡

Idon’tthinkyouareright.我想你是不对的｡

Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.他不知道邮局在哪里｡在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句:

Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你认为天会放晴吗?

Ibelieveso.(Idon’tbelieveso./Ibelievenot.)我认为会｡(我认为不会｡)Hope(否定)常用：Ihopenot16a在think，believe，suppose，exp(2)作介词的宾语:

Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?他有没有说我们应当怎样做这个工作?

That引导的宾语从句只有在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到｡

Yourarticleisgoodexceptthatitistoolong.除了太长外，你的论文很好｡

有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it｡

I’llseetoitthateverythingisready.我将负责把一切准备好｡17a(2)作介词的宾语:

Didshesayanyth(3)作形容词的宾语:

I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.

if和whether引导宾语从句的区别，即用whether不用if的情况有:

作介词宾语，用于whether+todo､whetherornot和用作discuss的宾语等｡

Itdependsonwhetheritisfine.要看天气是否晴朗｡

I’mnotsurewhethertoleavethisafternoon.我不敢肯定今天下午是不是要出发｡

Hecannotdecidewhetherornottotaketheexam.他不能决定参不参加考试｡

Wearediscussingwhetherwewillholdameetingthisweekend.我们在讨论这个周末是否要举行一场会议｡18a(3)作形容词的宾语:

I’mafraidthatdoubt用于肯定句中，宾语从句可以用if或whether引导｡

Idoubtif(whether)youwillcomeforavisittomorrow.我怀疑你明天是否要来拜访一下｡doubt用于否定句或疑问句中，宾语从句用that引导｡

Hedoesn’tdoubtthathismotherwillgivehimaridehomeforsure.他很确信他的妈妈会开车带他回家｡19adoubt用于肯定句中，宾语从句可以用if或whether引同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连接代词that,连接副词how,when,where等。（1）常见的标志词有:Idea,belief,doubt,fact,hope,news,possibility,thought,promise,advise,suggest,proposal,demand,request,wish,word,message,information,truth,case,problem,question；.

Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.计算机可以识别人的声音，这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。20a同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以Wemustrememberthefactthatgoatsusuallyliveinmountainouscountry.我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。（2）how，when，where，why等连接副词也可引导同位语从句，在从句中可作成分，但引导的句子不修饰前面的标志词，只说明内容。如:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候会回来。在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.21aWemustrememberthefactthat1）主语从句应注意的地方：(a)连接代词that不可省略。如：Thathewillcomeiscertain。(that不可省略)他肯定会来。(b)主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用it作形式主语。如：IthasnotbeendecidedwhentheywillleaveforNewYork.他们什么时候动身去纽约还没有决定。名词性从句应注意的地方22a1）主语从句应注意的地方：名词性从句应注意的地方22a(c)在itisapity，itisashame，itisstrange（surprising），itisnowonder，itis（necessary，essential，important）等结构后的主语从句中常采用虚拟语气形式：“should＋动词原形/完成式”，表示遗憾、惊奇、重要等，should有时可以省略。如：Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesogreedy.真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedtoseehisownshortcomings.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点。23a(c)在itisapity，itisashama．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2）宾语从句应注意的地方：

b.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.24aa．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去d.if和whether引导宾语从句时，常常可以互换，但whether常和ornot连用，而if则习惯上不与ornot连用；另外，介词宾语从句不能用if，这时只能用whether。如：Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知道这是否是真的。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience.一切都要看我们是否有足够的经验。c.如何辨别表语从句和宾语从句：表语从句跟在连系动词后，而宾语从句跟在及物动词或介词后。3）同位语从句应注意的地方：(a)常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，doubt，fear等。25ad.if和whether引导宾语从句时，常常可以互换，但c.(b)同位语从句与定语从句的区别：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明性质特征；前者所用的连词不是从句中的一个成分，后者所用的关系代词that是句子中的一个成分。较长时，多放在句子后部，用it作形式主语。试比较：Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.(同位语从句)他建议先讨论第二个问题。Thesuggestionthatheputforwardwasturneddown.(定语从句)他提出的建议被拒绝了。26a(b)同位语从句与定语从句的区别：26aThenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.他们赢得比赛的消息是真的｡(同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系，that不可省略)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.你昨天告诉我的那个消息是真的｡(定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语，that可省略)从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词进行修饰限定｡从结构上讲，前者由连接词引导，后者由关系词引导｡从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，that不可省略｡后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语､宾语､表语､定语､状语等｡当被限定的名词是从句逻辑上的宾语时，that可省略｡

27aThenewsthattheywonthematpractise:1._______hewillbesenttoHainaniscertain.A.WhyB.WhetherC.ThatD.How2.Itisn'tdecidedyet________wewillattendthemeeting.A.ifB.whyC.thatD.whether3.________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./B.ThatC.WhatD.Where4.Thegentlemaninsistedthathe_______thewallet.A.hadnotseenB.notseeC.wouldnotseeD.didnotsee5.Youcanwriteabout_________topicyoulike.A.whichB.whoseC.whateverD.nomatterwhat28apractise:1._______hewillbe6.________thinkwilltakecareofthechildren?A.WhoyouB.whodoyouC.WhomyouD.Whomdoyou7.He'dliketoknowwhat________today.A.theweatherlooksB.doestheweatherlookC.theweatherlookslikeD.doestheweatherlooklike8.—Isthatyourwatch?—No,Ican'ttell________.A.whoseisthatwatchB.whosethatwatchisC.whosewatchisthatD.whosewatchis9.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike29a6.________thinkwilltakeca10.I'dliketoknow__________tomorrow.A.ifitrainB.howistheweatherlikeC.whattheweatherislikeD.ifwilltheweatherbefine11.LeiFengwasalwaysthinkingof_______hecouldhelpothers.A.thatB.howC.whomD.which12.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests_________whenhe_________attheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrivedw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m13.Thequestionis__________youshoulddonext.A.whatB.thatC.howD.why30a10.I'dliketoknow_________14.Iknownothingaboutherbut_________sheisfromCanada.A.howB.whenC.thatD.why15.Itdependson________wehaveenoughtime.A.ifB.ifornotC.thatD.whether16._________hedoesn'tlikethemisveryclear.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Where17.—Thegreentypewriterismine.—Doyouknowwhosetypewriter_________?A.isthisblueoneB.thisblueoneC.itisthisblueoneD.thisblueoneis18.Thereason______nothingonearthismotionlessis______theearthisinconstantmotion（运动）.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.of;thatD.that;because31a14.Iknownothingaboutherb19._________provesthatmyadviceisright.A.ItwillhappenthatB.ThathashappenedC.WhathashappenedD.Whenithappens20.Whatapity________is_______youdidn'tarrivebyday.A.there;becauseB.it;thatC.he;whenD.that;for21.—Ibelieve_______you'vedoneyourbestand_______thingswillhappen.—Thankyou.A.That;/B./;/C.what;thatD./;that22.Pleasegivethebookto____winsthefirstprize.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever32a19._________provesthatmya23.Thefiredestroyed____wasinthebuilding.A.allB.whatC.thatD.which24.Thequestionheaskedwas____theelectricalequipmentshouldbestored.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.because25.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howourvillagelookslikeD.howdoesourvillagelooklike26.Aman'sworthliesnotsomuchin_______hehasasin______heis.A.that;whatB.what;whatC.that;thatD.what;that33a23.Thefiredestroyed____wa27._______Itoldyoujustnowwas_______hadbeenwrittenintheletter.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.WhetherD.If;who28.________studieshardwillpasstheexamination.A.WhoeverB.AnystudentC.WhoD.Thosewho29.Does________matterifhecan'tfinishthejobintime?A.itB.thisC.thatD.he30.________isunknowntousall.A.WheredidhegetitB.WherehegotitC.ThatwherehegotD.Whichhegotit31._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter34a27._______Itoldyoujustnow32._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what33.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.A,whileB.thatC.ifD.for34.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if35.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere36.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever35a32._______wecan'tgetseems37.Canyoutellme________?A.whoisthatwomanB.whothewomanisC.whomisthewomanD.thatwomanis38.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which39.Themountainisnolonger_______itusedtoA.whichB.thatC.asD.what40.Jacksaid_______tomeettheAmericanfriends.A.whichhepleasedB.heispleasedC.thathewaspleasedD.whathewaspleased36a37.Canyoutellme________?41.Iwonder__________tocomehereandgetmyfalseteethfixed.A.IhavehowmanytimesB.howmanytimeshaveIC.howmanytimeswillIhaveD.howmanytimesIhave42.Idon'tdoubt________myfriend,JohnwillcometoChinasoon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when43.Whois_________spokefirst?A.whatthatB.itthatC.ititD.whatwhat44.—Doyouseewhythemachinedoesn'twork?—Sorry,let'sasktheengineer____.A.whatisthematterB.whatthematterisC.howisthematterD.howthematteris45.Youmaychooseonefrom_________wasleft.A.thatB.allC.thosewhichD.what37a41.Iwonder__________tocom46.____getthismachine?A.DoyouthinkwherecanweB.WheredoyouthinkwecanC.WhereyouthinkwecanD.Wherecanyouthinkwe47.Thepointis_________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether48.Hegotthehighestmarksintheexam.Itwasall________hehasworkedtoohard.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.because49.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere38a46.____getthismachine?38a50.Thereasonwhyhefailedis_______hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof51.

wasimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As52.—Canyouhelpme?—Yes,Iwilldo____Icantohelpyou.A.whateverB.nomatterwhatC.howeverD.nomatterhow53._____IwillgotoBeijingforthe2008OlympicGameshasnotbeendecided.A.WhetherB.IfC.WhatD.That39a50.Thereasonwhyhefailedi54、CouldIspeakto_____isinchargeofthedesignofthenewbuilding,please?A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho55.Thereason___hedidnotjoininthetrainingwas__hewasill.A.that,becauseB.that,whyC.why,howD.why,thatKey:1-5CDBAC6-10BCBAC11-15BDACD16-20BDACB21-25DCBCA26-30BAAAB31-35AABAB36-40BBADC41-45DABAD46-50BADBA51-55AAACD40a54、CouldIspeakto_____isi句子类型：简单句、并列句、复合句一．简单句：从句子结构看，如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只有简单的单词或短语表示，它就是简单句。例句：Sheisneverlateforschool.注意：两个或多个主语共一个谓语，两个或多个谓语共一个主语，也属于简单句。例句：Heandhissonarebothteachers.Theywalkedandtalkedalongtheriver.名词性从句的总结二．并列句：句子中包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构。并列句中分句常用一个并列连词来连接，有时可不用，而用一个分号分开。

常见并列连词：but/however/while；for/so/therefore(因此，所以)；and/notonly…..butalso；either….or(不是….而是)；or(否则)；otherwise(要不然)

41a句子类型：简单句、并列句、复合句名词性从句的总结二．并列句：例句：Hemadeapromisebuthedidn’tkeepit.(不能和though连用)I’dliketogowithyou,however,I’msobusy.(句中前后加逗号)Heistallwhilesheisshort.(表示对比)Imustgothere,formysisteriswaitingforme.(for前常加逗号)Itrainssowedon’tgoout.(不能和because连用)Idon’tknowmuchaboutChina;thereforeIcan’tgiveyousomeadvice.Gostraightonandyouwillseetheshop.Henotonlysaidthatbutalsodidit.

Eithercomeinorgoout.Workhard,otherwise(or)youcan’tpasstheexam.42a例句：42a三．复合句：如果句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中一个（或更多的）主谓结构充当句子的某一个成分，就是复合句。充当句子成分的主谓结构成为从句，常有从属连词引出，总是用陈述的语气。根据从句在句子中作用，从句分为：名词性从句，形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。例句：Idon’tknowwhentheconcertbegins.Givemethebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary.Whenyouleave,pleaseclosethedoor.

名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句。主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。43a三．复合句：如果句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中一个（或更引导名词从句的连接词：分类词形词义作从句的成分连接词That无——Whether(if)是否——连接代词Who(ever)（无论）谁[主格]主，表Whom(ever)（无论）谁[宾格]宾Whose(ever)（无论）谁的[所有格]主，宾，表，定Which(ever)（无论）那一个（些）主，宾，表，定What(ever)（无论）什么，----的东西主，宾，表，定连接副词Why为什么状When什么时间状Where什么地方状how怎样，如何状44a引导名词从句的连接词：词形词义作从句的成分连接词That无—注意：whether/if区别①whether可引导所有的名词从句，而且能和or（not）连用；但是if只能引导动词后面的宾语从句，且不能和or(not)连用。②if有“如果”的意思，而whether没有。判断：Idon’tknowifIshouldtakehisadviceornot.Ifwehaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.⒈主语从句：主语从句可以直接放在句首，或是用it作形式主语，将从句放在句末。众所周知，光线直线穿行。_____lighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.Itisknowntoall_____lighttravelsinstraightlines.(_____isknowntoall,lighttravelsinstraightlines./_____weallknow,lighttravelsinstraightlines.)thatthatasas45a注意：whether/if区别⒈主语从句：主语从句可以直我们什么时候开会仍然是个问题。Itisstillaquestion____weshallhaveourmeeting.____weshallhaveourmeetingisstillaquestion.whatweshouldtakeisstillunknown.补充：常见的it作形式主语的句子。a)Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews…..)that….b)Itis+形容词（necessary,important,wonderful,possible,likely……）+that…..c)Itseems(happened,doesn’tmatter…..)thatd)Itissaid(reported,decided….)that….whenwhen46a我们什么时候开会仍然是个问题。whenwhen46a2．宾语从句：(1)作动词的宾语：①直接跟在动词的后面:Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.②有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语:HetoldmewhatIshoulddo.③若宾从后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语的后面:Ifindithard_____wefinishourhomeworkbefore12o’clock.④在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?Ibelieveso./Idon’tbelieveso./Ibelievenot.that47a2．宾语从句：that47a(2)作介词的宾语：Didyousayanythingabout_____weshoulddothejob?(关于这工作怎么做她说什么了没？)how3．表语从句：表语从句放在连系动词（be,seem….）后面Thequestionis________

_____

weshouldaccepttheirinvitation.(问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请)Thisis_____weputoffthemeeting.(这就是我们推迟会议的原因)Thatis__

_____

___wego.(这就是我们去的地方)whetherwhywhere48a(2)作介词的宾语：how3．表语从句：whetherw4．同位语从句：同位语从句就是跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步的解释（补充说明）。例句：Ihadnoideawhereyouwerethere.ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthechild.(常见的同位语从句名词：news,fact,idea,thought,hope,order(命令))49a4．同位语从句：同位语从句就是跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步的1.that与what2.if与whether3.who与whoever4.what与whatever5．关联词的区分50a1.that与what5．关联词的1.用that或what填空1.Iwonderifthisis______youarelookingfor.2.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_______itwasbefore.3.Fathermadeapromise______ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.whatwhatthat4._______Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.5.________theearthisroundisknowntousall.归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat51a1.用that或what填空1.Iwonderif1._________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._______madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever2.（what,whatever,who,whoever)___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho,what归纳52a1._________wassaidheremustTest:1)---Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive_____theairisfresher.A.inwhere B.inwhichC.theplacewhere D.where

2)----It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet,-----ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.A.which B.thereC.what D.when

53aTest:1)---Mom,whatdidyour3)PeopleinChongqingareproudof_____theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.that B.whichC.what D.how4)After_____seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.A.that B.thereC.what D.it54a3)PeopleinChongqingarepr5）Theteamcanhandlewhatever___________A.thatneedshandlingB.whichneedshandlingC.itneedshandlingD.needstobehandled

6)Wecanassignthetaskto________iscapableandtrustworthy.A.whomever B.whoC.whom D.whoever

55a5）Theteamcanhandlewhatever7)_________memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeetA.ThatamazedB.ItamazedC.whichamazedD.whatamazed

8)Thisis______Iwant.A.that B.which C.what

56a7)_________memostwasthat改错：1)Becauseitrains,soIdon’twanttogoout.2)Lighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.3)Itisknowntoalllighttravelsinstraightlines.4)Thatsurprisedusmostwasthebeautyofscenes.57a改错：57a5)Thenewshewonthematchistrue.6)Iwanttoknowwhatisyourname.7)Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhomevercomesoutfirst.

58a5)Thenewshewonthematchis答案：单选：1—8DDCDDDDC改错：1.so去掉;2.句子前加that;3.all后加that;4.that改为what;5.news后加that;6.把is移到name后面;7.whomever改为whoever;59a答案：59a60a60a名词性从句61a名词性从句1a名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它们都可以由名词充当（名词作主语、宾语、表语和同位语），因此被统称为名词性从句。四种名词性从句的共同特点是：它们的语序都是陈述的语序。62a名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下是由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。如：Whodidthatisknowntoall.是谁干的早已众所周知。Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.真有趣，你竟然会喜欢他。

1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否);Thathewillcomeandhelpus

iscertain.Whetherwewillsucceed

isstillaquestion.Itisnotknown

whetherhewillcome.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.63a主语从句主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但2.常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构:

Itis+名词+that从句；Itisafact(apity，ashame，nowonder，goodnews...)that...

Itis+形容词+that从句；Itisnecessary(strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，...)that...这类句中谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形｡

Itis+过去分词+that从句；Itissaid(reported，decided，believed，...)that...

It+不及物动词+that从句；Itseems(happened，doesn’tmatter，hasturnedout，...)that...64a2.常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构:

Itis+3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC.if

D.for

为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。65a3.特殊句式1.Ihate____

whenpeop4.主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoaregoingtherehavebeendecided.3.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater.66a4.主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。它位于连系动词(如be，seem，remain等后)。按引导词的不同，可分为下面三类：(1)由从属连词引导（if不能引导表语从句）如：Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.事实是我们落后于别的组。(2)由连接代词引导。如：Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国已不是从前那个样子了。(3)由连接副词引导。如：Thisiswhereyouarewrong.这正是你错的地方。67a表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。它位于连系动词(如7a(4)有时as，asif，asthough，because也可以引导表语从句。如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.天看上去好像要下雨。Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.那是因为你吃得太多。asif引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小｡

Heactedasifhehadn’teatenforalongtime.

表示建议､命令､要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气:

Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldpractiserea