2021年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案 第3套 仔细阅读2篇

第第9页共9页2021123篇PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm(缩影)ofsociety;theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatetheexternalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthembettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside--atonceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadividedandunequalsocietythetwoidealscanclashoutright(直接地).Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventureofalifetime--treksinBomeo,asportstourtoBarbados--appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupilsarriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamiliescan'taffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineoutof30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthepovertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducingafundraisingrequirementforstudentsdoesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricherauntsandneighbours.Probingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractisingonalanguageexchangecanfirechildren'spassions,boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife'spossibilities.EducationaloutingshelpbrightbutdisadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscoresinA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisagoodcaseforinternationaltravel,andsomeparentssaytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceofimmenseandmountingfinancialpressures,someschoolshaveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityinensuringthatalltheirareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbeapplauded.Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraising,withtheproceedspooled,canhelptoextendopportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.But3,000poundstripscannotbejustifiedwhentheaverageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover30,000pounds.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformanypupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschoolbecauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocanseethatatripislittlemorethanaorcelebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleftbehind.TheDepartmentforEducation'sguidancesaysschoolschargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripispartofthesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;anditdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,whicharebecomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannotbeexpectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.Buttheleastweshouldexpectisthattheydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoarealreadydisadvantaged.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddo?Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchangedividedunequalsociety.Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenabletofacetheworld.Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswellintellectualabilities.Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthemachievetheirgoals.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfieldtrips?Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstowitheachother.Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedandstudents.Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachancetoseeworld.Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesneighbours.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuildcommunityspirit?Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents'ingenuity.Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding,Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparentsregardingschoolfieldtrips?Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeventhoughdon'tseemuchbenefit.Theydon'twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindhardtokeepthemfromgoing.Theydon'twanttheirkidstomissanychancetobroadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventurestheydon'twantthemtorunrisks.Whatistheauthor'sexpectationofschools?Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RisingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthepristinewatersaroundtheAntarcticcouldseekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkofextinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy'sreportstatesthatasglobalwarmingtransformstheenvironmentintheworld'slastgreatwilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscouldeitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityofStrasbourginFrance,warned:"Ifthere'renoactionsaimedathaltingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthepaceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchasclimatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,thespeciesmaysoondisappear."ThefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernoverthefutureofAntarctic.Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationofclimatechangeandindustrialfishingisthreateningthekrill(磷虾)populationinAntarcticwaters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,sealsandpenguins.Buttoday'sreportisthestarkestwarmingyetofpotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimatechangeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctic'sdelicateecosystems.LeBohecsaid:"Unlesscurrentgreenhousegasemissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins--1.1millionbreeding--willbeforcedtorelocatetheirbreedinggrounds,orextinctionby2100."Kingpenguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguinandonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsinSouthernOceanwherethereisnoicecoverandeasyaccessthesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarcticPolarFront--anupwardmovementofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife--isbeingpushedfurthersouth.Thismeansthatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkillinthisbodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheirfeedinggrounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetweentheirbreeding,groundsandtheirfoolprows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.LeBohecsaid:"TheplightofthekingpenguinshouldasawarmingaboutthefutureoftheentiremarineenvironmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeotherseabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsinthefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsoftheirecosystems."Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsofchangesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekeyspeciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsofglobalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarineecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomekingpenguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreedinggroundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenewhabitatswouldbescarce.OnlyahandfulofislandsintheSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglargebreedingcolonies.Whatwillhappenby2100,accordingtoanewstudy?KingpenguinsintheAntarcticwillbeonthevergedyingout.SeawaterwillrisetoamuchhigherlevelaroundAntarctic.ThemeltingicecoverwilldestroythegreatAntarcticwilderness.ThepristinewatersaroundtheAntarcticwilldisappearforever.Whatdowelearnfromthefindingsofaseparatestudy?ShrinkingkrillpopulationandrisingcouldforceAntarcticwhalestomigrate.HumanactivitieshaveacceleratedclimatechangeinAntarcticregioninrecentyears.IndustrialfishingandclimatechangecouldbefatalcertainAntarcticspecies.KrillfishingintheAntarctichasworsenedpollutionofthepristinewaters.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkingpenguins?Theywillturnouttobethesecond-largestspeciesbirdstobecomeextinct.Manyofthemwillhavetomi