高考英语阅读真题实训（重点：词义猜测题指导与训练）

高考英语阅读真题实训（重点：词义猜测题指导与训练）（2）

技巧一：利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义

(二)利用下列一些表示对上文的词汇起到解释作用的词汇猜测词义：

tobe(是)、mean(意指)、referto(指的是)、namely（即）、bedefinedas(被定义为)、beknownas(被称为)、

becalled(被称为)

、betermed(被定义为)

等

例句（1）：Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.

分析：文中

is

之后的asystemormeansofprovidingfreshair

就是对ventilation

的释义。例句（2）Inthepast

students

inChinausedtolearn

English

,startingwiththe

alphabet,namely,the26lettersof

ABCD…

.分析：通过句子的信号词namely可知，alphabet对应the26lettersof

ABCD，从而可知，alphabets意为“字母表”。例句（3）Desertificationisaterriblething,whichmeansgoodfarmlandbeingslowlyturnedinto

unsuitable

land

forgrowingtreesorcropson.分析：根据句子结构可知，whichmeansgoodfarmlandslowlyturnedinto

unsuitable

landforgrowingtreesorcropson,

是对Desertification的具体说明，因而其意思就很清楚了。阅读真题实训A.Princewasthenameofananimal,an

intelligent

dog.HewasadevotedfriendofWilliams.Frommorningtillnight,whenWilliamswasathome,Princewas

always

withinhissight.Thedoghadanumberofduties,forwhichWilliamshadpatientlytrainedhimand,asanygoodpupilintheworld,Prince

would

demonstrate

hisabilitieswhenevertherewasachance.

WhenWilliamswantedtoputonhisboots,hewouldsay"Boots"veryquietlyandwithinsecondsthedogwoulddropthemathisfeet.Atnineeverymorning,Princeranofftothestore,returningshortlynotonlywithWilliams'dailypaperbutwithapacketofcigarettes.Abornhuntingdog,Princehadalargesoftmouthforthesafecarryingofhunted

creatures,sothepaperandthecigarettescametonoharm,neverevenshowingatoothmark.

Williamswasarailwayman,anenginedriver,andheworeauniformwhichsmelledofoilfuel.Hehadtoworkat

odd

times-"days","latedays"or"nights".OvertheyearsPrincegottoknowtheseperiodsofworkandrest,knewwhenhismasterwouldleavethehouseandreturn,andthedogdidnotwastethisknowledge.IfWilliamsoverslept,asheoftendid,Princebarkedatthebedroomdooruntilhewoke,muchtotheangerofthefamily.Onhisreturn,Williams'slipperswerebroughttohim.

AstrangethinghappenedtoWilliamsduringthesnowandiceoflastwinter.Oneeveningheslippedandfellontheicyroadsomewherebetweenthevillageandhishome.Hewassobadlyinjuredthathestayedinbedforthreedays;andnotuntilhegotupanddressedagaindidhediscoverthathehadlosthiswalletcontainingoverfiftypounds.Thehousewasturnedupsidedowninthesearch,butthewalletwasnotfound.However,twodayslater-thatwasfivedaysafterthefall,PrincedroppedthewalletintoWilliams'hand.Verymuddyandwetthrough,thelittlecasestillcontainedfifty-threepounds,Williams'driving

license

andafewotherpapers.Wherethedoghadfounditnoonecouldtell,buthehadfounditandrecognizeditprobablybytheslightoilsmellonthewornleather.（

379words)

1.Guessthemeaningofeachwordthroughthecontext.(1)

intelligent

[inˈtelidʒənt]

a.

a.

able

tounderstand,andlearnthingsquicklyandwellb.havingtheabilitytothinkdeeply(2)demonstrate

['demənstreit]

v.

a.

tomakecleartopeopleb.to

showbyactions

(3)

creature

[ˈkri:tʃə(r)]

n.a.a

livingthingthatisnotaplantb.

aparticularqualitytheyhave(4)

odd

[ɒd]

a.a.

unusual.

b.

strange(5)

license

['laisns]

n.a.instructionsforan

activity

b.

officialpermissionforthepersontodosomethingorfortheactivitytotake

2.

Makethebestchoiceaccordingtothepassage.(1)Whatdoesthepassagetellusabouthuntingdogs?A.Theirteetharewell-developedwhentheyareveryyoung.

B.Theycancarrybackhuntedbirdswithouthurtingthem.

C.Theyarefedwell,producingmanyyoungdogs.

D.Theyarethemostintelligentofalldogs.(2)HowdidPrinceperformhisduties?A.Hedidhisbestbutwasnotoftensuccessful.

B.Hedidthemunwillinglybutgotthemover.

C.Hehadfewopportunitiestodothem.

D.Hewasdelightedtoshowthemoff.(3)Williamsdidnotrealizehislossuntilseveraldayslaterbecause_____.A.hetrustedthedogtofindthewallet

B.hehadleftthewalletonthetrain

C.hehadnochancetofeelinhispockets

D.hewasbusywithhisworkallthetime(4)WhatmighthelpPrincetofindWilliams'wallet?A.Theremainingsmelloffuelonthecase.B.ThephotoonWilliams'drivinglicense.

C.ThefootprintsofWilliams'inthesnow.D.Thestrongsmellofthewornleather.(5)WhatdoesthewriterthinkofPrince?A.Skillfulandgentle.

B.Cleverandamusing.

C.Proudandfierce.

D.Devotedandsmart

B.WhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonRivermustremember

the

CatskillMountains.They

area

branch

ofthe

greatAppalachian

family,andcanbeseentothewest

risinguptoanobleheight

and

toweringoverthesurrounding

country.

Whentheweather

isair

and

settled,theyare

clothed

in

blueandpurple,andprinttheirbeautifulshapesonthecleareveningsky,butsometimeswhenitis

cloudless,graysteamgathersaroundthetopofthemountainswhich,inthelastraysofthesetting

sun,willshineandlightuplikeacrown

ofglory.Atthefootofthesemountains,atravelermaysee

lightsmokegoingupfromavillage.Inthatvillage,andinoneofthehouses(which,totelltheexacttruth,wassadly

time-worn

and

weather-beaten),therelivedmanyyearsago,asimple,

good-natured

fellow

bythenameofRip

VanWinkle.Rip'sgreatweaknesswasanaturaldislikeofallkindsofmoney-makinglabor.Itcouldnotbe

fromlackof

diligence,forhecouldsitallday

onawetrockandfishwithoutsayingaword,

eventhoughhewasnotencouragedbyasinglebite.Hewouldcarryagunonhisshoulderforhours,

walkingthroughwoodsandfieldstoshootafewbirdsorsquirrels.Hewouldneverrefusetohelpa

neighbor,evenintheroughestwork.Thewomenofthevillage,too,usedto

employ

himtodosuch

littlejobsastheirlesshelpfulhusbandswouldnotdoforthem.Inaword,Ripwasreadytoattend

toeverybody'sbusinessbuthisown.Iflefttohimself,hewouldhavewhistledlifeawayinperfectsatisfaction;buthis

wifewasalwaysmadathimforhis

idleness.Morning,noon,andnight,hertonguewas

endlesslygoing,sothathewasforcedtoescapetotheoutsideofthehouse--theonlysidewhich,

intruth,belongstoa

henpeckedhusband.（FromJiangsugaokao,

352words）

1.Guessthemeaningofeachwordthroughthecontext.(1)fair

[feə(r)]

adj.

a.somethingorsomeonethatis

fair

isreasonable,right,andjustb.

freeofcloudsorrain;(2)settled

[ˈsetld]

adj.a.

clearlydefinedb.notchangeable(3)branch

[brɑ:ntʃ]

n.a.

secondarystemarisingfromthemainstemofaplantb.

a

part

connectedtoalargerone(4)fellow

['feləʊ]

n.

a.

a

boyormanb.someoneor

somethingthatpeoplecangotoforinterestorenjoyment(5)idleness

[

'aidlnəs]

n.a.

beingoutofemploymentb.hangingaroundandnotdoingtheworkoneissupposedtodo2.

Makethebestchoiceaccordingtothepassage.(1).WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheCatskillMountains?

A.TheyareonthewestoftheHudsonRiver.

B.Theyareveryhighandbeautifulinthisarea.

C.TheycanbeseenfromtheAppalachianfamily.

D.Theygatherbeautiful

cloudsinblueandpurple.(2).Theheroofthestoryisprobably_____________.A.hard-workingandlikesallkindsofworkB.idleandhatesallkindsofjobsC.simple,idlebutverydutifulD.gentle,helpfulbuta

littleidle(3).Theunderlinedwords"henpeckedhusband"inthelastparagraphprobablymeansamanwho

.A.likeshunting

B.isafraidofhensC.loveshiswife

D.isafraidofhiswife(4).Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.CatskillMountains.

B.AMountainVillage.

C.RipVanWinkle.

D.ADutifulHusband.

C.Sometimesyourbiggestweaknesscanbecomeyourbiggeststrength.Take,forexample,thestoryofonegirlwhodecidedtostudyjudodespitethefactthatshehadlostherleftarminacaraccident.ThegirlbeganlessonswithanoldJapanesejudo

instructor.Thegirlwasdoingwell.Soshecouldn'tunderstandwhy,afterthreemonthsoftraining,theinstructorhadtaughtheronlyonemove."Instructor,"thegirlfinallysaid,"Shouldn'tIbelearningmoremoves?""Thisistheonlymoveyouknow,butthisistheonlymoveyou'lleverneedtoknow,"theinstructorreplied.Notquiteunderstanding,butbelievinginherteacher,thegirlkepttraining.Severalmonthslater,theinstructortookthegirltoherfirst

tournament.Surprisingherself,thegirleasilywonherfirsttwomatches.Thethirdmatch

proved

tobemoredifficult,butaftersometime,heropponentbecameimpatientandcharged.Thegirldeftlyusedheronemovetowinthematch.Stillamazedbyhersuccess,thegirlwasnowinthefinals.Thistime,her

opponent

wasbigger,strongerandmoreexperienced.Forawhile,thegirlappearedtobeovermatched.Concernedthatthegirlmightgethurt,therefereecalledatime-out.Shewasabouttostopthematchwhentheinstructorintervened."No,"theinstructorinsisted,"Lethercontinue."Soonafterthematch

resumed,heropponentmadeacriticalmistake:shedroppedherguard.Instantly,thegirlusedhermovetopinheropponent.Thegirlhadwonthematchandthe

tournament.Shewasthechampion.Onthewayhome,thegirlandherteacherreviewedeverymoveineachandeverymatch.Thenthegirl

summoned

thecouragetoaskwhatwasreallyonhermind."Instructor,howdidIwinthetournamentwithonlyonemove?""Youwonfortworeasons,"theteacheranswered."First,you'vealmostmasteredoneofthemostdifficultthrowsinallofjudo.Second,theonlyknown

defense

forthatmoveisforyouropponenttograbyourleftarm."Thegirl'sbiggestweaknesshadbecomeherbiggeststrength.（353words）

1.Guessthemeaningofeachwordthroughthecontext.(1)

instructor

[in'strʌktə(r)]

n.

a.

someonewhoteachesasportorpracticalskillb.

apersonwhoisinchargeofasportsteam(2)prove

[pruːv]

v.

a.findevidencetoshowb.

beshownorbefoundtobe;(3)

opponent

[əˈpəunənt]

n.

a.

acontestantthatyouarematchedagainstb.

someonewho

disagreeswithyou(4)

resume

[riˈzju:m]

v.a.

returntoapreviouslocationorconditionb.

takeuporbeginanew;(5)

summon

[ˈsʌmən]

v.

a.

gatherorbringtogetherb.

makereadyforactionoruse(6)

defense

[diˈfens]

n.a.

theactofprotectingsomebodyorsomethingfromattackb.

action

of

protectingacountryagainst

its

enemies2.Makethebestchoiceaccordingtothepassage.(1)Whichofthe

following

proverbsisthemostrelatedtothemainideaofthepassage?A.

Birthismuch,butbreedingismore.B.Afallinthepit,againinyourwit.C.

Behindbadluckcomesgoodluck.

D.

Betweentwostoolsonefallstotheground.(2)Theunderlinedword

tournament

in

Paragraph

(8)refersto______.A.

championship

B.

judo

C.appearance

D.match(3)Attheendofthematch,thegirlwasmostlikelytofeel______.A.astonishedandexcited

B.happyandpuzzledC.delightedandanxiousD.pleasedandtired(4)Thegirlwon

because

ofallthe

following

reasonsexceptthat______.A.

therefereecalledatime-out

before

theinstructorintervenedB.shehadmasteredjudoskillsverywell.C.her

opponent

wasunabletograbherleftarmD.herinstructorhadtrainedherintherightwayD.

Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2011,whenmyhusband

arranged

formetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.Buttheexperienceturnedouttobeverydull.Around

thattime,

ItoldmyhusbandthatIwantedtoskydive.Sowhenourretirement

community

announcedthattheywerehavinganessaycompetitionandthetopicwasanexperienceofalifetimethatyouwantedtohave,Idecidedtowriteaboutmydream.

Intheessay,Iwroteaboutmydesiretoskydive,statingGeorgeBrushSr.diditatage80.Whynotme?Iwasjust84andinprettygoodhealth.AyearwentbyandIheardnothing.ButthenatacommunitypartyinlateApril2009,they

announced

thatIwasone

ofthewinners.Ijustcouldn’tbelieveit.

OneJune11,2009,nearly40ofmyfamilyandfriendsgatheredintheareaclosetowhereIwouldlandwhileIheadedupintheairplane.Myinstructor,Jay,guidedmethroughtheexperience.TheplanewasthenoisiestoneIhadeverbeenin,butIwasn’tfrightened—Iwasreallyjustlookingforwardtotheexperience.Whenwereached13,000feet,Jay

instructed

metothrowmyselfoutoftheplane.Whenwefirsthittheair,thewindwassostrongthatIcouldhardlybreathe.ForasecondIthought,“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto?”Buttheneverythinggotcalmer.WewereinafreefallforaboutaminutebeforeJayopenedtheparachute,thenwejust

floated

downwardforaboutfiveminutes.BeingupinthecloudsandlookingattheviewbelowwasunlikeanythingIhaveeverfelt—muchbetterthanthehotairballoon.Iwasjustenjoyingit.

Skydivingwasreallyoneofthegreatestexperiencesofmylife.Ihopeotherpeoplewilllookatmeandrealizethatyoudon’tstoplivingjustbecauseyouare84yearsold.Ifthere’ssomethingyouwanttoexperience,lookintoit.Ifit’ssomethingthatispossible,makeithappen.(FromBeijinggaokao,

395words)

1.Guessthemeaningofeachwordthroughthecontext(1)arrange

[ə'reindʒ]

v.

a.toplanororganizesomethinginadvance

b.toputsomethinginaparticularorder(2)community

[kə'mju:nətɪ]

n.

a.allthepeoplewholiveinaparticulararea,country,etc.

b.