Unit1单元检测卷-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

Unit1单元检测卷(满分100分)一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AOnaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdevices(设备)andlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatisaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.Inhis2017TEDTalk,Strayerexplainedthatallthistimespentwithtechnologywasmakingourbrainstired.Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatsocialmediaputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical(有判断力的)thinking,problem­solvinganddecision­making.So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15,000campersfromaroundtheworldattendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytaketimeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatandplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersisanotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusbandandtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative”experience.AttheUniversityofUtah,DavidStrayerhasstudiedbothshort­termandlong­termexposuretonature.Hefoundthatspendingshortamountsoftimeinnaturewithouttechnologydidcalmthebrainandhelpedittorememberbetter.However,hefound,itwasthelong­termcontactwithnaturethatdidthemostgood.Heandhisresearchteamfoundthatspendingthreedaysinnaturewithoutanytechnologywasenoughtimeforthebraintofullyrelaxandresetitself.1.WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?A.Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.B.Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.C.Newtechnologiesareadouble­edgedsword.D.Electronicequipmentbringsgreatconvenience.2.WhydoesStrayerinsistwegooutdoors?A.Totryanotherlifestyle.B.Torefreshourbrain.C.Tomakebetterdecisions.D.Toplaywithourfamilyandfriends.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative”mean?A.Reborn. B.Memorable.C.Remarkable. D.Tiring.BLauraSideswasapsychologymajorattheUniversityofNottinghamin2004.Shefirstnoticedsignsofherdad'sdevelopingdementia(痴呆)whenshemovedtoNottingham.Shesaid,“Dadwasadoctor,soheknewexactlywhatwashappeningtohim,butpeopletrytohideitwhentheyareill.Then,Icamehomeformy21stbirthdayandarrangedtomeethim,buthenevershowedupashe'dforgotten.That'swhenIknewsomethingseriouswashappening.”So,aged21,shedecidedtoleaveuniversityandlookafterhimherself.Shelivedcloseby,visitinghimeverydaytomakesurethathewaseating,andthatthehousewastidy,beforeheadingofftoherwork.Besideschallengingmoments,thereweretimeswhenlookingafterherdadwasapurejoy.“We'dwakeup,I'daskwhathewantedtodothatday,andhoweverridiculoustheadventureis,offwe'dgo.”Sadly,in2009,5yearslater,Lauralostherfather.Beforehedied,Laurawenttoahospitalappointmentwithhim,wheredoctorsmentionedthathisformofAlzheimer'sdiseasewasgenetic,meaningtherewasafifty­fiftychancethatshehadinheritedit.ForseveralyearsLauraagonisedoverwhethertobetested,finallyfindingoutinAugust2017thatshehasthegene,meaningthat,likehim,shewilldeveloptheconditionwithinadecade.Atfirst,shestruggled,feelingasifshelackedpurpose.Then,duringasleeplessnightinthesummerof2018,shedecidedataround2a．m.toenterthe2019LondonMarathonsponsoredbythecharitiesAlzheimer'sSocietyandAlzheimer'sResearchUK.Shehopedtostarttheconversationaroundearly­onsetAlzheimer'sandtoencouragepeopletotalkaboutitmoreopenly.“IrememberwhenDadwasill,peoplewouldn'tknowhowtoreactanditallfeltveryhiddenaway,butIwanttobehonestandopen.”Sheadded.“Themoreinformationwecanget,thelessofataboo(忌讳)wewillfeel.Thatsaid,thesupportI'vereceivedsofaraftergoingpublichasbeenamazing—that'swhatiscarryingmethrough.”4.Lauranoticedherfather'sdementiawhen.A.herfathertoldherhisconditioninpersonB.peoplenearbyinformedherofhisfather'sconditionC.herfatherforgothisownbirthdaypartyD.herfatherforgother21­year­oldbirthday5.Theunderlinedword“agonised”inParagraph4probablymeans“”．A.excited B.struggledC.shocked D.delighted6.Laurastartedtheopentalkinthehopeof.A.gettingpeopletotalkaboutAlzheimer'sopenlyB.earningsomemoneytohelptreatherAlzheimer'sC.makingherselfstrongertofightagainstAlzheimer'sD.raisingfundsforcharitiesAlzheimer'sSocietyandAlzheimer'sResearchUK7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeLaura?A.Caringandpositive.B.Carefulandhonest.C.Patientandcautious.D.Devotedandmodest.CIalwayswantedtobeextraordinaryatsomething.Iwantedtobebest­in­class,awe­inspiring,tiptop;aworld­famousgenius,likeMichaelPhelpsorMarkZuckerberg.Unfortunately,myversionofrealitydidnotquitelineupwiththisdelusionalvision.Iwasagoodswimmer,butIpeakedatthecollegiatestatechampionshipslevel.Myacademicrecordwasprettysolid,butIneverwouldhavemadeitintooneofthoseivy­leagueschools.ThoughIrosetoabove­averagestatusinacoupleofareas,thedisappointingtruthwasthatIwouldneveramounttoanythingmorethanamid­sizedfishinasmallpond.Godapparentlyhadotherplans.Whatdrovemecrazy,though,wasthesuperstartalentthrowninmyfaceateveryturn.Somefolksjustseemedtogetanunfairintensivedose(剂量)ofit.Whycouldn'tIbelikeBernieWilliam,theworld­classjazzguitarvirtuoso(大师)?Somesaygreatnessissimplyafunctionofputtinginthepracticetime.Aroundtenthousandhours,tobeprecise,accordingtoauthorMalcolmGladwell.Idon'tquestionthetheoryofdevotingextraordinaryeffortstodevelopingone'sexpertise,butitseemsthatrawtalentisequallyimportant.Youeitherhaveitoryoudon't.I'veheardthataspeopleapproachmiddleage,theirlifesatisfactionincreasesbecausetheybegintoacceptthegapbetweentheexpectationsforthemselvesandthereality.Afterafewdecadesoffrustrationwithoutthedesiredresults,weeventuallycometotermswithhowourlivesturnedout,evenifitfallsfarshortofouridealizedyouthfulexpectation.Hopebends,itseems.8.Whatdoestheword“delusional”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Imaginary.B.Realistic.C.Abstract.D.Practical.9.Inthepassage,thewriterthinksofhimselfas.A.aworld­famousgeniusB.amid­sizedfishinasmallpondC.aworld­classvirtuosoD.astudentinanivy­leagueschool10.Accordingtothewriter,whatmakes“greatness”？A.Extraordinaryefforts.B.Tenthousandhoursofpractice.C.Rawtalent.D.Talentandtime.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.HopebendsB.FrustratingdecadesC.PracticeworksD.YouthfulexpectationDSorrytosay,ourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownatthecruellyyoungageof30.Itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn'tbehelped,butpeopleofanyagecouldtraintheirbrainstobefasterand,ineffect,younger.Yourbrainisalearningmachine.Giventherighttools,wecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthatisrequiredisdedicated(专注的)practice:exercisesforthemind.Ascientisthasdevelopedacomputer­basedtrainingscheduletospeeduphowthebrainprocessesinformation.Sincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeech,theBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtoimprovebothspeedandaccuracy.Overthecourseofyourtraining,theprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguishsounds(between“dog”and“bog”，forinstance)atanincreasinglyfasterrate.It'sabitlikeatennisinstructor,shootingballsatyoufasterandfasteroverthecourseofthesummertokeepyouchallenged.Thoughyoumayhavestartedoutslow,amonthlateryou'reprettyquick.Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyadaptable.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.Anditmayspeedupintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoung,youcandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingping­pongorcontractbridge,doingpuzzles,learningnewlanguageoradance,takingpianolessons,buildingmodelairplane,masteringgardeningtechnique,discoveringthesecretsofbeer­makingand,sure,relearningadvancedmathematics.Anythingthatcloselyengagesyourfocusandisstronglyrewardingwillkickyourbrainintolearningmodeandwilldefinitelyimproveit.12.Whydidtheauthorcallourbrainalearningmachine?A.Becauseitworkswellatanyage.B.Becauseitcanbetrainedtobesharp.C.Becauseithelpsyouacquireknowledge.D.Becauseitcanbeusedtostoreinformation.13.WhatareyouaskedtododuringtheBrainFitnessProgram?A.Speakalanguageatahighspeed.B.Tellapartwordsthatsoundsimilar.C.Listwordsthathavethesamemeanings.D.Receivetennisballsthrownbyaninstructor.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelearningprocessofthebrain?A.Fasterandfaster.B.Hardanddifficult.C.Tiredbutdelighted.D.Easybutbeneficial.15.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Thefunctionofthebrain.B.Fitnessprogramarrangement.C.Activitiesusedtotrainthebrain.D.Pleasurefromdifferentactivities.二、七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What'severyone'sfavouriteperiod?Lunch,whatelse?16Especiallyiffoodslikepizza,orcheeseburgers(奶酪汉堡)areinfrontofyouwhenyou'remosthungry.Herearesometrickstochoosefoodsthatwillkeepyoufocusedandactivethroughouttheday.17Ifyourschoolcafeteriaprovidesaweeklyormonthlymenu,checkitout.Knowingwhat'sonthemenuputsyouincontrol.Youcanpickandchoosewhenyouwanttobuylunchandwhenyouwanttobringyourown.Headforthesaladbar.18Ifyou'dratherpack,consideraddingcarrotsticks,apieceoffreshfruit,orpurplecabbagetoyourlunchbag.Doremembernottoputtoomuchsaladdressing.Taketheenergyintoconsideration.Somefoodsarebetterchoicesthanothersforobtainingenergyduringtheday.Chooselow­fatfoods,likechicken,beans,orlow­fatmilkproductsandaddlotsoffruitsandvegetablestoyourmeal.19Foods,likesugarysnacks(小吃)orFrenchfries,maygiveyouaquickrushofenergy,butit'snotlasting—whichmeansyou'llbeleftwantingmoresoonafteryoueat.Stopforasnack.Youcan'tconcentratewithoutawell­fedmindandbody.Sotakealongahealthysnack,likecarrotsticks,tofighthungerbetweenclasses.20A.Getacopyofthemenu.B.Makeamenuforyourschoolcafeteria.C.Itcanbehardtomakehealthychoices.D.Ifyourschooloffersone,takeadvantageofit.E.Youmaytakeawaywhateveryougetinterestedin.F.Itwillkeepyougoingandhelpavoidovereatingwhenmealtimearrives.G.They'llprovidethemineralsyouneedandtheenergytogetthroughtheday.9.20.三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)TheteachersIknowdidn'texpecthowhardthisremoteteachingwouldbe.Therearesomany21thatarise:familiesnotresponding,studentswhocan't22newplatforms,andnewplatformsnotdoingwhattheyare23todo.Thelistgoeson.Butthat's24fromtheteachers'pointofview.Principalshavetoheartheteachers'issuesanddealwithparents'calling,tryingtogettheirkidsinthevirtualclassroom,getting25dailyfromthelocalgovernment,findingdevicesforeveryone,andmuchmore.Ourprincipaldidn't26allthisbeforetheworldturnedupsidedown.Now,sheis27itall,helpingteachers,parents,andstudents,whilesolvingwhatthedistrictisimplementing(实施).Thereare28nightsandunbelievable29.I30alittledrivetodayfromthestaffbuilding.Wewereallonthe31today,andthendrovethroughthelocalneighbourhoodwithsignsonour32，soundingourhornsandwavingatourstudentsintheiryardsandontheirporches.Iaskedthestafftobring33forourprincipal:papertowels,handsanitizer(洗手液),gloves,masks,andsomeother34things.Othersbroughtwineandchocolate.Wecouldn'ttakeallher35offherback,butwecouldshowherthatweloveandappreciateher.21.A.calls B.issuesC.requests D.thoughts22.A.moveoff B.lookafterC.turndown D.geton23.A.supposed B.orderedC.permitted D.taught24.A.still B.evenC.also D.just25.A.payments B.directionsC.efforts D.lessons26.A.expect B.fearC.value D.suspect27.A.removing B.handlingC.delaying D.treasuring28.A.sleepless B.hopelessC.aimless D.useless29.A.surprise B.annoyanceC.stress D.trouble30.A.imagined B.foundC.predicted D.organized31.A.spot B.roadC.campus D.street32.A.hats B.suitsC.cars D.bikes33.A.materials B.itemsC.groceries D.instruments34.A.daily B.importantC.valuable D.colourful35.A.positions B.beliefsC.goals D.responsibilities四、语篇填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Researchershavediscoveredthepeoplewiththe36(healthy)heartsintheworld.TheTsimanépeopleliveintheAmazonbasinofBoliviaandhavealmostnoriskofseriousheartdiseasebecause37theirplant­baseddietandhighlevelsofphysicalactivity.Besides38(have)ahealthyheart,theTsimanéalsohavelowbloodpressureandlowbloodsugar.This39(mean)theyarefreeofmanyofthediseasesandconditions40killhundredsofmillionsaroundtheworld.Astudyshowedthatan80­year­oldTsimanépersonhad41samecardiovascular(心血管的)ageasanAmericaninhismid­50s.ThestudyontheTsimanéwaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Thestudyco­authorDrGregorySThomasstated,“Thisstudysuggeststhatsomediseasescould42(avoid)ifpeopleadoptedsomeelementsoftheTsimanélifestyle,suchaskeepingtheirbloodpressureandbloodsugarverylow,notsmokingandbeing43(physical)active.”Headded,“Itmaynotbepossibleforpeopleintheindustrialisedworld44(copy)theTsimanécommunity'swayoflife,buttherearecertainly45(aspect)oftheirdietandlifestylethatwecanbetterbringintoourlivestohelpreduceourriskofheartdisease.”5.五、写作(满分20分)阅读下面的材料，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。EmilyWhitecametotheworld17yearsago,withsomanybirthproblemsinherbody.Someofherorgans,bonesandmuscleswereoutofshape.Nooneexpectedhertosurvivelong.Shedidmakeit,butwithherstrangebodyfigure,everyonecouldrecognizeher,evenfromadistance.Inherhometown,ayearlyoutdoorperformancewasheldintheschoolauditorium(礼堂).IthadbeenperformedforsomanyyearsandactuallyhadbecomeoneofthemostimportanteventsoftheChristmasseasonformanyofthetown'speople.Manypeopletriedouteachyearforit,butsomanywereturnedaway.Itcanonlyincludethemostexcellentpeopleinthefield.Emilyhadabeautifulsingingvoice.LastyearshewenttoMrsOwens—hermusicteachertoasktojoinintheperformance.Withoutlettinghersing,MrsOwenstookaglanceatAmy'sbodyandsaid,“Child,youarejustnotsuitable.Everyonew