可恢复功能建筑环境中的双层墙体系

2016-11-21·BeijingKapwave-Double

Wall

Systems

foraSeismically

Resilient

BuiltEnvironmentKapwave-可恢复功能建筑环境中的双层墙体系Prof.

Dr.

Barış

BiniciProf.

Dr.

Erdem

CanbayEarthquake

Engineering

Research

CenterDepartment

of

Civil

EngineeringMiddle

East

Technical

University,

Ankara,

Turkey土耳其

安卡拉

中东技术大学土木工程系

地震工程研究中心教授

Barış

Binici博士教授

Erdem

Canbay博士Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Buildings

are

our

lives!!!建筑就是我们的生命！！！Stable稳定性Economical经济性Serviceable适用性Strength高强度STRUCTURAL

PROPERTIES结构特性Integrated集成化Env.

Friendly环保NON-STRUCTURALPROPERTIES非结构特性Energy节能Insulation隔热CIVILIZATION更现代更文明Light重量轻Soundproof隔音Fire防火Durable持久耐用Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Structural

Engineering

and

its

Future结构工程学和它的未来•

StructuralEngineering

istheartofmodelling

materials

we

do

not

whollyunderstand,

into

shapes

we

cannotprecisely

analyze

soasto

withstandforceswe

cannotproperly

assess,insuchawaythatthepublic

hasnoreasontosuspectthe

extentofour

ignorance.

Dr.

ARDykes•

所谓结构工程学，就是使用我们不完全了解的构件材料，搭建成我们无法精确分析的结构，使其承受我们无法正确评估的力，从而让公众充分相信我们已经掌握了足够多的知识。.

ARDyke博士•

New

Frontiers•

新领域-

Environmental

Responsiilties环境责任-

Energy

Efficiency能源效率-

Intelligent

Systems

WithDataMining可进行数据挖掘的智能系统-

BIMBIMBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来A

reality

of

Life

(in

some

coutries)残酷的现实（一些国家）L’Aquila意大利

拉奎拉Kobe神户Sichuan四川EarthquakeFatalitiesMonetary

Loss地震死亡人数经济损失Nothridge,

19946049billion

dollars洛杉矶北岭

1994490亿美元Kobe,1995神户，19954600250008700019000200billion

dollars2000亿美元Kocaeli,

1999科贾埃利，199940billion

dollars400亿美元Kocaeli科贾埃利Sichuan,2008四川，2008125billion

dollars1250亿美元Tohuku,

2011133billion

dollarsBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.梦想

装配未来日本东北，20111330美元Cannon-seismic

countriescontribute

tomitigateexpectedseismicrisk?处于非地震带的国家能帮助减轻地震带来的风险吗？Japan日本China中国Austria奥地利Germany德国TurkeyAustralia土耳其澳大利亚•

PlanningIsit

possibleto

bringanewlook

into

theearthquakeproblem?能否能让我们采用全新手段来应对地震问题？计划•

Organization组织•

Perfection完善•

Production生产Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Construction

isalocal

business!建筑是本土化行业•

Substantial

investmentinanewplace在一个全新领域进行大量投资•

Hardtobreak

traditions难以打破传统束缚•

Connections,

culture

of

business连接，企业文化It

isa

global

world

now!!全球一体化界已成现实-----Provideinnovativeand

multi-functional

solutions提供创新性、多功能的解决方案Create

desire

inpeople为人们创造需求Establish

global

brands打造全球化品牌Adapt

tochange适应变革Know

how

transfer知道如何转变Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Fast

Course

on

Earthquake

Eng.地震工程学的快速发展•

Earthquake:

Any

event

thatgeneratesseismic

waves地震：任何引发地震波的事件。•

Geological

faultsarethemain

sources地质断层是主要原因。•

Building

damage

duetoearthquakes:

shaking,

faultrupture,liquefaction,landslides,

tsunami.地震引起建筑物损坏：震动、断层错动、土壤液化、山体滑坡、海啸。•

First

recordedmotion

1933LongBeach

California首次有记录的地质运动，1933年美国加州长滩地震•

Newmark,

Blume,

Mononobe,

Sozen…•

Newmark,

Blume,

物部,索岑…Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Earthquake

Engineering地震工程学Estimatethedemands(forces,

displacements)

onstructures

from

unpredictableearthquakes

byusingsimplified

modelsthat

arenotnecessarily

realistic

sothat

safeandeconomicalstructurescan

bedesigned.用不完全真实的简化模型，来对不可预测的地震中结构的需求（力，位移）进行评估，从而设计出真正安全、经济的结构。RealitySimplificationEQ

ForceFaultPeriodSources

of

uncertainity•

Fault

mechanism•

DirectivityDesign

Methods•

Response

spectrum•

Robust

lateral

force

system•

Numerical

simulations•

Robust

eq.

resistance•

Energy

dissipationBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Estimating

Earthquake

Forces地震力的评估A

simpletooltoestimate

the

expectedelastic

baseshearforce

acting

on

the

building.一种用来评估作用在建筑物弹性基底的剪力的工具。Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来9Inelastic

Response非弹性反应Design

for

Ve

isimpractical

and

uneconomical

under

earthquakes.在地震条件下，Ve的设计已经显得不切实际，并成本昂贵。墙体Force力Ve挠度PlastichingeBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Energy

Dissipation消能减震Input

energy

from

shaking

is

dissipated

through

inelastic

action.

Energy

absorption

capacity

is

proportionaltoductility.晃动产生的输入能量通过非弹性作用耗散。能量吸收能力与延展性成正比。Force.μ

=

Δ

/

Δ力u

yFyE=Fy

Δy

(μ

–

1/2)Disp.耗散ΔyΔuBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Inelastic

response非弹性反应푉퐸푙푎푠푡ꢀ푐

퐵푎푠ꢁ

푆ℎꢁ푎푟

퐷ꢁ푚푎푛푑（弹性基底剪力需求）푒푅

=

=푉푦퐼푛ꢁ푙푎푠푡ꢀ푐

퐵푆

퐷ꢁ푚푎푛푑（非弹性基底剪力需求）휹푢

푈푙푡ꢀ푚푎푡ꢁ

퐷ꢀ푠푝.

퐷ꢁ푚푎푛푑（最终位移需求）휇

==Δ푦푌ꢀꢁ푙푑

퐷ꢀ푠푝.（屈服位移）R:ResponseModificationFactor（反应调整系数）휇:DuctilityDemand（延性需求）Designfor

reducedforces（降力设计）•

Damage

inStr.

El.（

Str.

El.损坏）•

Damage

inNon-str.

El.（非Str.

El.损坏）•

ResidualDisp.（残余位移）Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Inelastic

Displacement

Demands非弹性位移需求Anempirical

rule:经验法则：Response

Modificationfactor

isassociated

withtheductility

demand!反应修正因数与延性需求相关。Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来DesignForces力的设计R=Response

Modification

Factor(5-8)R=反应修正因数（5-8）R

=Ductility

associated

force

reductioneffR

=延性相关减力effBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Principles

of

Capacity

Design能力设计法的原则•

Design

forreduced

earthquake

forces

(R=4-8)用来降低地震力(R=4-8)•

Provide

ductilitythrough

detailing通过细部设计提供延性•

Estimate

maximumdemand

for

undesired

failuremodes评估意外故障模式的最大需求•

Design

elastically

forbrittle

failures针对脆性破坏的弹性设计Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Golden

RulesofSeismic

Resistant

Design抗震设计的黄金法则A

Robust

Lateral

Force

Resisting

System一个有效的抗侧力系统•

Sufficient

Strength

→Reduced

ElasticEarthquake

Forces足够的强度→降低弹性地震力•

Sufficient

Ductility

→Detailing足够的延性→详图•

Sufficient

Rigidity

→Deformation

Control足够的刚度→变形控制Itisnot

about

predicting

earthquakes,

the

solutionisbuildingresilient

structures!!这不是地震预测，这种结局方案是建立一个弹性结构！！Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来StructuralSystems结构体系•

Frame框架•

Wall墙体•

Dual双层Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来How

are

earthquake

forces

transmitted?地震力是如何传播的？Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Experience

matters!!经验极为重要！！If

we

learned

muchfrom

testing

andresearch

we

learned

alotfromearthquakeexperiences!!如果我们能从试验和研究中学到了很多东西，那么惨痛的地震的经验教了我们更多！！Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Howdidprecastbuildings

performunderearthquakes?面对地震，预制建筑表现如何？Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来6.8Mw

亚美尼亚大地震

(1988)•

buildings

with9-12

stories

made

fromprecast

frames

and

hollowcoreslab

collapsed.

Mostofthe

wallpanelbuildings

survived

theearthquake.72栋9-12层由预制框架和空心板

构建的楼房倒塌，而大多数墙板结构建筑

则幸免于难。•

Improper

connections,

detailing!错误的连接和设计！Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来7.2M

土耳其，科贾埃利大地震w(1999)•

Severedamage

to

precastframes预制框架结构被严重损坏•

Improper

connections,

detailing!错误的连接和设计！Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来6.3M

L’Aquila

Earthquake

in

Italy

(2009)w6.3Mw

意大利拉奎拉地震（2009）Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来7.1

(6.3)M

Christchurch,

Eq.

(2010)w7.1

(6.3)

M

新西兰基督城地震（2010）w•

Severe

floor

dipahragm

cracks地板严重开裂•

Stair

casefailures台阶损坏Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Precast

Construction预制建筑•

Didnot

performwell

inearthquakes•

在地震中表现不佳•

Precastproducers

have

placed

too

much

emphasis

to

produce

earthquake

resistant

momentresisting

frames预制板制造商过于强调产品在地震发生时的抗弯性能•

Fewqualified

(complicated)wallsystem

addressing

the

earthquakeresistant

design只有少数合格（复合式）墙体结构侧重于抗震设计•

No

trustfrompublic缺乏公众信服力Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Precast

Construction

in

Turkey土耳其的预制结构Mostly

usedfor

lowrise

industrialbuildings主要用于底层工业建筑Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Wall

Systems

under

Earthquakes地震中的墙体系统••Rigidity,

strengthand

stiffness抗弯度、强度和刚度Good

solutions

(Chile

Example)好的解决方案（以智利为例）Doublewalls?双层墙？Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来A

Bavarian

Inventor一位巴伐利亚发明家Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来What

does

it

provide?它能为我们提供什么？Lattice

girderlocationsLimited

connection

lengthSufficient

connection

lengthWave

locations•

Energy

Efficiency•

能源效率•

Earthquake

Safety••Insulation隔热Connection连接Detailing细部设计•••

地震安全Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来A

word

on

detailing!!细部设计的一个词！！Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Possibility

ofSeismic

Detailing抗震设计的可能性Canyou

produce

theminthefactory?你能在工厂制造它们吗？Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Double

Wall

System’s

Advantages双层墙体系的优势所在•

Accurate

steel

detailing

andgood

concrete

quality•

精确的钢结构和优异的混凝土质量•

Faster

construction•

施工进度更快•

Architectural

flexibility•

架构具有灵活性•

Less

inspection

need

inthe

field•

无需过多的现场检查•

Reduces

cost

due

toinsulation/equipment

ducts•

降低了隔热/设备管道方面的成本•

Lowercosts

dueto

massfactoryproduction•

可规模化生产，从而降低成本•

Potentially

robust

earthquake

resistance:•

具有潜在的抗震性能：Highrigidity,

ability

to

beductile,

high

redundancy高刚性、高韧性、高冗余度Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Double

walls

with

waves带波纹的双层墙Howdoyou

ensure

that

theyare

earthquake

proof?你如何确保它们能经受住地震的考验？Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来METU

Research

on

Double

WallsMETU对于双层墙的研究Specimens1and2:样品1和2：Provethatadjacent

walls,

when

tiedtogether

with

connecting

cages,behave

asmonolithic

walls!!经证明，通过连接杆连接双层墙变现与单层墙一样。Specimen

1Specimen

2Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Reversed

Cyclic

Testing循环加载试验Loading

HistoryBuild

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Specimens1

and2样品1和2Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Results试验结果•

Test

results

show

that

wallsbehave

as

asingle

unit•

测试结果表明，双层墙表现与单层墙相当•

Under

lateral

loads,

monolithic

response

is

ensured•

在横向载荷条件下，保证具有整体响应性能No

slippage/seperation无滑移/分离Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来ATwo

Story

Masonry

Structure双层砌体结构Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来One

Wall

≈

Masonry

Building单层墙≈砌体建筑DuctilityStrength1000500DoubleWallBuilding0Rigidity-500-1000-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.60.8Tepe

Deplasmanı

(mm)Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来U

and

T

Double

WallsU型和T型双层墙Specimens

3and4样品3和4••••••Showthat

UandTdoublewalls

behaveasmonoliticwalls,显示U型和T型双层墙表现与单侧墙相当Seismicdetailing

can

beconstructed

infactory,抗震详细结构可在工厂制造Seismicperformance

is

sufficient具有足够的抗震性能2076522520203562525DW-

2(a+b)ba510101010101705

10

10

10~50Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Specimens3

and4样品3和4Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Specimen

3(U

Section)样品3（U型部分）------Ductile

Response

(displacement

ductility

ofabout

5)韧性反应（大约5的位移延性）Nostrength

dropatlarge

deformations大幅度形变时强度不下降Nosignificant

damage/spalling

thatwould

cause

strength

degredation没有导致强度下降的显著损坏/剥落Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Specimen

4(T

Section)样品4（T型部分）•

Moderate

ductility

due

to

presence

ofa

single

wall

web

(nothing

specific

for

thedouble

wall

system)•

由于墙体内部有墙网，因此具有一般的延性（双墙体系没有特殊规格）•

Sufficient

overall

seismic

performance

and

deformability•

足够的整体抗震和变形性能Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Performance

of

Walls墙体性能Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Double

Shell

Column双层立柱Specimen

5样品5Showthat

adouble

shellcolumn

with

seismic

detailing

canbeconstructed

and

performs

asgood

asanRC

column试验表明，表明，具有抗震涉及的双层立柱的建造和性能与一个钢筋混凝土立柱相当。Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Response

Comparison响应对比DriftRatio

(%)-3-2-1012360402010080060-20-40-6040200-150-100-50050100150-20-40-60-80-1006DV2-100

-75

-50

-250255075

100Lateral

Displacement

(mm)Top

Displacement

(mm)Build

on

Strengths.

DesigntheFuture.预制梦想

装配未来Slab-wall

connections复合墙连接Specimens6,

7and

8样品6、7和8•

Show

filigree

slab-double

wall

connection

performs

well•

显示”Filigree”复合双层墙连接性能良好•

A

newsystem:

reinforced

hollowcore

performance•

新体系：空心性能得到提升Build

on

Strengths.

D