阅读理解课件

第35讲-阅读理解课件1答题技巧指导1答题技巧指导►1.猜词析义题此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。►1.猜词析义题猜词析义题的解题技巧为：(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。如：Acalendarisatimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear.从所下的定义atimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。猜词析义题的解题技巧为：(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。如：Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom，hewilldoagreatharmtosociety.我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis­是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。如：Unlikehisbrother，whoisahandsomeman，Johnisquitehomely.从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。如：AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inEdinburgh，Scotland.Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics，thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.由phonetics的同位语从句thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。(6)根据因果关系来猜测。如：Shefeltgrieved，forherparentsbothdiedweeksago.由该词后的原因状语从句forherparentsbothdiedweeksago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。(6)根据因果关系来猜测。(7)根据上下文线索猜测。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemuscles(肌肉)toweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.由上文Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken知道是：运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain知道：这位运动员再也无法做运动了，可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。(7)根据上下文线索猜测。(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。如：Inolddays，whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands，theyexpectedtobringwiththemselveswithalargeamountofdowry.上文提到了girlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。►2.细节理解题此类题就是我们常见的wh­题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。►2.细节理解题细节理解题的解题技巧为：(1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。细节理解题的解题技巧为：通常以下列形式出现：①WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？②WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？③WhichofthefollowingisWRONG？④Fromthepassageweknow

.通常以下列形式出现：►3.推理判断题此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage？►3.推理判断题推理判断题的解题技巧为：(1)推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理地判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。推理判断题的解题技巧为：►4.主旨大意题此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现：①Themainideaofthepassageis.②Thepassageisabout.③Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？④What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticle？⑤Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？►4.主旨大意题主旨大意题的解题技巧为：(1)首先要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。(2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。主旨大意题的解题技巧为：(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最►5.结构顺序题常见提问方式：①Howisthepassageorganized？②Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage？③Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby...►5.结构顺序题结构顺序题的解题技巧为：(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之mainidea型。(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。结构顺序题的解题技巧为：【典例分析】(2018宁波)Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.JohnF.Kennedy'squote(引语)“Toooftenweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought.”showsanunpleasanttruth.Muchofwhatweknowandbelievehasbeentaughttousbyothers，andweoftenacceptthisinformationwithoutspendingmuchtimethinkingitoverforourselves.【典例分析】(2018宁波)Intoday'sworld，wearebeingpresentedwithinformation，ideasandbeliefs，butmanyofthemareagainsteachother.Psychology(心理学)tellsusthatifwehearanideaenoughtimes，orifitcomesfromsomeonewerespect(尊敬)，wewillprobablybelievethatidea.Inthesecases，webaseouropinionsontheopinionsofothers.Ifeachofusdoesnotthinkaboutthisinformationforourselvesandcometoourownconclusions，wewillbecomenothingmorethanparrots(鹦鹉)quotingtheopinionsofothers.Intoday'sworld，wearebeingExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.Somepeoplebelievewhatevertheyreadandthensharethestorywithoutthinkingaboutthefacts.Allittakesisonequickclick(点击)ofthe“share”button，andthestorytravelsonitswaytoinfluenceevenmoreunthinkingreaders.Thiscancauseseriousproblems.ExamplesofspreadingfakenewIfwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople，butfewtakethattime.Yetweneednotloseheartoverthisbadhabit.Infact，simplybecomingaware(意识到)ofitisthefirststeptowardscorrectingit.Oncewebecomeawarethatwetend(趋向)toholdopinionsandbeliefswithoutthinkingthemthrough，wecanchangethatpatternofbehaviour.Hopefully，wecanlearntoexperienceandenjoythe“discomfortofthought”andformourownopinions.Ifwejuststopforamomentt1.What'sthepurposeofthispassage？A.TodescribehowInternetnewsspreads.B.Toexplainwhypeopledon'thavetheirownopinions.C.Totellpeoplethattheyshouldhavetheirownthoughts.D.Towarnpeoplenottobelieveotherpeople'sideas.1.What'sthepurposeofthis2.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph4probablymeans__.A.untrue B.unhappyC.unfair D.unusual3.Howcanwehaveourownopinionsaccordingtothepassage？A.Byspreadingtheinformationwereceive.B.Bylearningmoreaboutpsychology.C.Byquotingothers'opinionslikeparrots.D.Bythinkingaboutwhatwereadandhear.2.Theunderlinedword“fake”4.Wecanprobablyfindthispassageinabookabout

.A.history B.educationC.sports D.languages4.Wecanprobablyfindthispa【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培养独立思考意识的重要性。1.C[句意]这篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互联网新闻如何传播；B.解释人们为什么没有自己的观点；C.告诉人们他们应该有自己的想法；D.警告人们不要相信别人的想法。原文Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.(在我们的文化中，能做出自己的决定的能力很重要。)这一句说明了“独立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故选C。【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培2.A[句意]第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不真实的”。A.不真实的；B.不高兴的；C.不公平的；D.不寻常的。原文ExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.(在互联网上可以随处看到传播虚假新闻的例子。)，从后面可以看出人们会轻易相信并转发，不考虑事实情况(withoutthinkingaboutthefacts)，造成严重的问题(seriousproblems)，说明传播的是“虚假新闻”，故选A。2.A[句意]第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不3.D[句意]根据这篇文章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A.通过传播我们收到的信息；B.通过更多地了解心理学；C.通过像鹦鹉一样引用别人的观点；D.通过思考我们阅读到的和听到的内容。原文Ifwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople(如果我们暂时停下来思考我们阅读和听到的内容，并形成自己的观点，我们将更有思想、更独立、更有创造力)，这里作者就“如何得出自己的观点”提出了自己的建议，故选D。3.D[句意]根据这篇文章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A4.B[句意]我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章。A.历史；B.教育；C.运动；D.语言。这篇文章讨论的是具有独立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建议，很有“教育意义”，可以说这篇文章来自一本教育类书籍，故选B。4.B[句意]我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟)Whenthethreechildrenarrivedatthetunnel，theylookedupatthetreesaboveit.“What'shappening？”Petersaid.“Lookatthetrees.They'removing.”Hewasright.Thetreeswereslidingdownthehill.“It'salandslide，”Robertasaid.“Therehasbeenalotofrain.Theearthissoft.Itismovingandbringingthetreeswithit.”A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟)“Thearegoingtofallontherailwayline，”Phyllissaid.“There'llbeanaccidentifthetrainhitsthem.Wemuststopthenexttrain.”“Howdowedothat？”Petersaid.“Thenexttrainisarrivingat11：29.That'sinfiveminutes.Andthetrainisonlyaboutfifteenkilometresaway.”“Wecanruntowardsthetrainandwavetothedriver，”Phyllissaid.“Thearegoingtofallonthe“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythingwrong，”Robertasaid.“Wealwayswavetohim.”“Weneedsomethingredtowave，”Petersaid.“Redisfordanger.”“Mypetticoatisred，”Phyllissaid.“I'lltearpiecesoff.”“Motherwillbeangryifyoudothat，”Robertasaid.“Petticoatsareexpensive.”“Peoplemaydieifthereisanaccident，”Petersaid.“Petticoatsaren'timportant.”“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythPhyllistorestripsfromthebottomofherpetticoat.“Weneedstickstotiethestripsto，”Petersaid.Thechildrenrantoanearbytree.Withhisknife，Petercutoffthreethinbranches.Hetiedeachofthestripsofredpetticoattooneofthebranches.“Nowwehaveredflags，”hesaid.“Whenwewavethese，theenginedriverwillknowsomethingiswrong.Hewillstopthetrainandaskuswhatthematteris.”PhyllistorestripsfromthebThechildrenranthroughthetunnelandwaitedattheothersideforthetraintocome.Theyhadtowaitforalongtime.Peterthoughtthewatchmustbewrong，butitwasthetrainthatwaslate.Then，thetrainarrived.Thechildrenwavedtheirflags.Robertawassoexcitedthatshefainted(晕).ThechildrenranthroughthetTheenginedriversawtheredflagsandthechildren.Heknewsomethingwaswrong.Hestoppedthetrain.PeterandPhyllisrantowardstheengine.Theyshoutedtothedriverthatthereweretreesontheline.Theenginedriverclimbeddownfromhisengine.HehurriedtowhereRobertawaylyingonthegroundinafaint.Hepickedherupandcarriedhertothetrainandputherinacomfortablecarriage.—FromtheRailwayChildrenTheenginedriversawthered( )1.Howdidthelandslidecomeintobeing？A.Theearthwastoothintoholdthetrees.B.Theheavyrainwashedtheearthaway.C.Themovingtrainshooktheearthdown.D.Peoplecutdownmanytreesonthehill.B( )1.Howdidthelandslidec( )2.WhatwasthedangeraccordingtoPhyllis？A.Thetrainwasrunningtoofast.B.Therewouldbeatrainaccident.C.Thechildrenwerewalkingontherailway.D.Thelandslidewascomingtoanend.B( )2.Whatwasthedangeracco( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanbysaying“Petticoatsaren'timportant？”A.Thatkindofcoatsaren'tpopular.B.Thatkindofcoatsaren'texpensive.C.People'slivesaremoreimportant.D.Childrendon'tneedexpensivecoats.C( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanby( )4.WhatwouldhappentoRobertaintheend？A.Sheremainedfainted.B.Sheforgoteverything.C.Hermotherbeatherhard.D.Shecamebacktolife.D( )4.WhatwouldhappentoRoB(原创)TherearemorethansevenbillionpeopleontheEarth，soit'shardtoimagineonlyhavingoneotherofyourkindtokeepyoucompany(陪伴).Butsadly，forthewhiterhinos，thissituationrecentlyturnedintoreality(现实).B(原创)AccordingtoBBCNews，theworld'slastsurvivingmalenorthernwhiterhino，namedSudan，diedinKenyaattheageof45onMarch19,2018.Hisdeathmeansthereareonlytwofemales—hisdaughterandgranddaughter—remainingintheworld.AccordingtoBBCNews，theworlBBCNewsreportedthatby2050,30to50percentofalltheworld'sspecies(物种)couldbeheadingtowardsextinction.“Itishumanactivitythatspeedsuptheextinction，”itwrote.Forexample，astheWorldWildlifeFundnoted，thepopulationofnorthernwhiterhinosinAfricawaslargelyreducedbecauseofthehuntingprobleminthe1970sand1980s.Andbyturningforestsandgrasslandsintoroadsandbuildings，humansfurtherdrovetheseanimalsawayfromtheirnaturalhome.BBCNewsreportedthatby2050Whyisthewhiterhinosoimportant？Theanswerisdowntobiodiversity(生物多样性).AccordingtoNationalGeographic，“Allspeciesareconnected.Theydependononeanother.Withlessbiodiversity，theseconnectionsbecomeweakerandsometimesbroken，harmingallthespeciesintheecosystem(生态系统).”Luckily，effortsarebeingmadetosavethewhiterhinowiththehelpofnewtechnologies.Whyisthewhiterhinosoimpo( )1.Howmanynorthernwhiterhinoswerethereintheworldin2017？A.Onlyone. B.Two.C.Three. C.Four.( )2.Whichworddoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphremindyouof？A.Alone. B.Single.C.Lonely. D.Absent.CC( )1.Howmanynorthernwhite( )3.Whichofthefollowinghumanactivitiesspeeduptheextinctionofspecies？①Buildingroadsinforests.②Cuttingdowntreesformodernindustries.③Plantingbushesindeserts.④Burninggrasslandsforhousebuilding.A.①②③ B.①②④C.①③④ D.②③④B( )3.Whichofthefollowing( )4.IfthenorthernwhiterhinoscompletelydisappearfromtheEarth，then.A.wewillsimplyloseonekindofanimalB.therewillbelessspaceforanimalstoliveC.newkindofanimalswillbefoundD.theecosystemofourplanetwillbeinfluencedD( )4.Ifthenorthernwhiter第35讲-阅读理解课件1答题技巧指导1答题技巧指导►1.猜词析义题此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。►1.猜词析义题猜词析义题的解题技巧为：(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。如：Acalendarisatimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear.从所下的定义atimetableofthedays，weeks，monthsofacertainyear中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。猜词析义题的解题技巧为：(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。如：Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom，hewilldoagreatharmtosociety.我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis­是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。如：Unlikehisbrother，whoisahandsomeman，Johnisquitehomely.从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。如：AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inEdinburgh，Scotland.Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics，thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.由phonetics的同位语从句thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。(6)根据因果关系来猜测。如：Shefeltgrieved，forherparentsbothdiedweeksago.由该词后的原因状语从句forherparentsbothdiedweeksago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。(6)根据因果关系来猜测。(7)根据上下文线索猜测。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemuscles(肌肉)toweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.由上文Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken知道是：运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain知道：这位运动员再也无法做运动了，可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。(7)根据上下文线索猜测。(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。如：Inolddays，whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands，theyexpectedtobringwiththemselveswithalargeamountofdowry.上文提到了girlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。►2.细节理解题此类题就是我们常见的wh­题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。►2.细节理解题细节理解题的解题技巧为：(1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。细节理解题的解题技巧为：通常以下列形式出现：①WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？②WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue？③WhichofthefollowingisWRONG？④Fromthepassageweknow

.通常以下列形式出现：►3.推理判断题此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage？►3.推理判断题推理判断题的解题技巧为：(1)推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理地判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。推理判断题的解题技巧为：►4.主旨大意题此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现：①Themainideaofthepassageis.②Thepassageisabout.③Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？④What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticle？⑤Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage？►4.主旨大意题主旨大意题的解题技巧为：(1)首先要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。(2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。主旨大意题的解题技巧为：(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最►5.结构顺序题常见提问方式：①Howisthepassageorganized？②Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage？③Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby...►5.结构顺序题结构顺序题的解题技巧为：(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之mainidea型。(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。结构顺序题的解题技巧为：【典例分析】(2018宁波)Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.JohnF.Kennedy'squote(引语)“Toooftenweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought.”showsanunpleasanttruth.Muchofwhatweknowandbelievehasbeentaughttousbyothers，andweoftenacceptthisinformationwithoutspendingmuchtimethinkingitoverforourselves.【典例分析】(2018宁波)Intoday'sworld，wearebeingpresentedwithinformation，ideasandbeliefs，butmanyofthemareagainsteachother.Psychology(心理学)tellsusthatifwehearanideaenoughtimes，orifitcomesfromsomeonewerespect(尊敬)，wewillprobablybelievethatidea.Inthesecases，webaseouropinionsontheopinionsofothers.Ifeachofusdoesnotthinkaboutthisinformationforourselvesandcometoourownconclusions，wewillbecomenothingmorethanparrots(鹦鹉)quotingtheopinionsofothers.Intoday'sworld，wearebeingExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.Somepeoplebelievewhatevertheyreadandthensharethestorywithoutthinkingaboutthefacts.Allittakesisonequickclick(点击)ofthe“share”button，andthestorytravelsonitswaytoinfluenceevenmoreunthinkingreaders.Thiscancauseseriousproblems.ExamplesofspreadingfakenewIfwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople，butfewtakethattime.Yetweneednotloseheartoverthisbadhabit.Infact，simplybecomingaware(意识到)ofitisthefirststeptowardscorrectingit.Oncewebecomeawarethatwetend(趋向)toholdopinionsandbeliefswithoutthinkingthemthrough，wecanchangethatpatternofbehaviour.Hopefully，wecanlearntoexperienceandenjoythe“discomfortofthought”andformourownopinions.Ifwejuststopforamomentt1.What'sthepurposeofthispassage？A.TodescribehowInternetnewsspreads.B.Toexplainwhypeopledon'thavetheirownopinions.C.Totellpeoplethattheyshouldhavetheirownthoughts.D.Towarnpeoplenottobelieveotherpeople'sideas.1.What'sthepurposeofthis2.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph4probablymeans__.A.untrue B.unhappyC.unfair D.unusual3.Howcanwehaveourownopinionsaccordingtothepassage？A.Byspreadingtheinformationwereceive.B.Bylearningmoreaboutpsychology.C.Byquotingothers'opinionslikeparrots.D.Bythinkingaboutwhatwereadandhear.2.Theunderlinedword“fake”4.Wecanprobablyfindthispassageinabookabout

.A.history B.educationC.sports D.languages4.Wecanprobablyfindthispa【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培养独立思考意识的重要性。1.C[句意]这篇文章的目的是什么？A.描述互联网新闻如何传播；B.解释人们为什么没有自己的观点；C.告诉人们他们应该有自己的想法；D.警告人们不要相信别人的想法。原文Inourculture，theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.(在我们的文化中，能做出自己的决定的能力很重要。)这一句说明了“独立思考”的重要性，要有自己的想法，故选C。【文章大意】这篇文章讨论了在当今社会一个人具有自己的观点、培2.A[句意]第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不真实的”。A.不真实的；B.不高兴的；C.不公平的；D.不寻常的。原文ExamplesofspreadingfakenewswithoutthoughtcanbeseenontheInternet.(在互联网上可以随处看到传播虚假新闻的例子。)，从后面可以看出人们会轻易相信并转发，不考虑事实情况(withoutthinkingaboutthefacts)，造成严重的问题(seriousproblems)，说明传播的是“虚假新闻”，故选A。2.A[句意]第4段中的划线词语“fake”可能意思是“不3.D[句意]根据这篇文章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A.通过传播我们收到的信息；B.通过更多地了解心理学；C.通过像鹦鹉一样引用别人的观点；D.通过思考我们阅读到的和听到的内容。原文Ifwejuststopforamomenttothinkaboutwhatwereadandhear，andformourownopinions，wewillbemorethoughtful，moreindependent，andmorecreativepeople(如果我们暂时停下来思考我们阅读和听到的内容，并形成自己的观点，我们将更有思想、更独立、更有创造力)，这里作者就“如何得出自己的观点”提出了自己的建议，故选D。3.D[句意]根据这篇文章，我们如何能够得出自己的观点？A4.B[句意]我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章。A.历史；B.教育；C.运动；D.语言。这篇文章讨论的是具有独立思考能力的重要性，并提出了自己的建议，很有“教育意义”，可以说这篇文章来自一本教育类书籍，故选B。4.B[句意]我们可以在一本关于“教育”的书中找到这篇文章A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟)Whenthethreechildrenarrivedatthetunnel，theylookedupatthetreesaboveit.“What'shappening？”Petersaid.“Lookatthetrees.They'removing.”Hewasright.Thetreeswereslidingdownthehill.“It'salandslide，”Robertasaid.“Therehasbeenalotofrain.Theearthissoft.Itismovingandbringingthetreeswithit.”A(金衢十二校2018年中考联合模拟)“Thearegoingtofallontherailwayline，”Phyllissaid.“There'llbeanaccidentifthetrainhitsthem.Wemuststopthenexttrain.”“Howdowedothat？”Petersaid.“Thenexttrainisarrivingat11：29.That'sinfiveminutes.Andthetrainisonlyaboutfifteenkilometresaway.”“Wecanruntowardsthetrainandwavetothedriver，”Phyllissaid.“Thearegoingtofallonthe“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythingwrong，”Robertasaid.“Wealwayswavetohim.”“Weneedsomethingredtowave，”Petersaid.“Redisfordanger.”“Mypetticoatisred，”Phyllissaid.“I'lltearpiecesoff.”“Motherwillbeangryifyoudothat，”Robertasaid.“Petticoatsareexpensive.”“Peoplemaydieifthereisanaccident，”Petersaid.“Petticoatsaren'timportant.”“Hewon'tthinkthereisanythPhyllistorestripsfromthebottomofherpetticoat.“Weneedstickstotiethestripsto，”Petersaid.Thechildrenrantoanearbytree.Withhisknife，Petercutoffthreethinbranches.Hetiedeachofthestripsofredpetticoattooneofthebranches.“Nowwehaveredflags，”hesaid.“Whenwewavethese，theenginedriverwillknowsomethingiswrong.Hewillstopthetrainandaskuswhatthematteris.”PhyllistorestripsfromthebThechildrenranthroughthetunnelandwaitedattheothersideforthetraintocome.Theyhadtowaitforalongtime.Peterthoughtthewatchmustbewrong，butitwasthetrainthatwaslate.Then，thetrainarrived.Thechildrenwavedtheirflags.Robertawassoexcitedthatshefainted(晕).ThechildrenranthroughthetTheenginedriversawtheredflagsandthechildren.Heknewsomethingwaswrong.Hestoppedthetrain.PeterandPhyllisrantowardstheengine.Theyshoutedtothedriverthatthereweretreesontheline.Theenginedriverclimbeddownfromhisengine.HehurriedtowhereRobertawaylyingonthegroundinafaint.Hepickedherupandcarriedhertothetrainandputherinacomfortablecarriage.—FromtheRailwayChildrenTheenginedriversawthered( )1.Howdidthelandslidecomeintobeing？A.Theearthwastoothintoholdthetrees.B.Theheavyrainwashedtheearthaway.C.Themovingtrainshooktheearthdown.D.Peoplecutdownmanytreesonthehill.B( )1.Howdidthelandslidec( )2.WhatwasthedangeraccordingtoPhyllis？A.Thetrainwasrunningtoofast.B.Therewouldbeatrainaccident.C.Thechildrenwerewalkingontherailway.D.Thelandslidewascomingtoanend.B( )2.Whatwasthedangeracco( )3.WhatdoesPetermeanbysaying“Petticoatsaren'timportant？”A.Thatkindofcoatsaren'tpopular.B.Thatkindofcoatsaren'texpensive.C.People'slivesa