虚拟语气三课件

ANewEnglishGrammarViceProfessorGanDaixia2010.3ANewEnglishGrammarViceProf

虚拟语气三种语气简介语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。陈述语气：谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的，也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来，或提出一种看法。Flowersblossominspring.Theyellowleavesarefallingintheautumnwind.Themoonispeepingthroughthewindowatthesleeplessgirl.It’sprobablygoingtosnowtomorrow.

祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告禁止等。Dodropintoseeus.Keepoffthegrass.虚拟语气：把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推断”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件，它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝福等。MothertoldmetoputonmysweaterlestIshouldcatchcold.IwishIwereawhitecloud.Ajudiciousmanwouldn’tdolikethat.

祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用英语中的条件句有2种：真实和非真实条件句。非真实条件句包括：虚拟条件句、推测条件句、错综时间条件句。1．虚拟条件句有2种：一是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；另一是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况，也称推测条件句。would有时可以换成should,could，might。虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用

条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（were）would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would+have+V.ed与现在事实相反1．一般过去式2．were+不定式3．should+V.

would/should+V.条件从句结果主句与现在动词过Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow,ifIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.IfIknewtheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.Ifwishesweehorses,beggarsmightride.

Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifh

Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeopleifwehadn’tbuiltsomanyreservoirs.Jackwouldhavediedifthedoctorshadn’toperatedonhimtimely..Ifwehadn’tmadeadequateprIfhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo?shewouldtellmeifsheshouldknowit.Ifsheshouldhaveenoughmoney,hewouldbuyit.Ifhewereherethisevening,比较：Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ifitweretosnow,Ifitshouldsnow,Ishould/wouldstayathome.比较：

注意：（1）条件句中有were,had,should,could时，可以省略if，而把were,had,should,could放在主句前，用倒装结构，这种用法多用语书面语中。Wereitnecessary,Imightresign.Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.CouldyoumeetMary,youshouldnotbeabletorecognizeher.Weretheytogetmarried,theywouldbehappy.Werehelivinghappily,Iwouldbeverymuchastonished.注意：（2）虚拟语气中的主句也可以是疑问句、感叹句、祈使句：Ifshehadeverything,wouldshebehappy?IfhehadmarriedAlice,howhappyhewouldhavebeen!Ifyouweremanenough,don’tgiveup.Ifyoushouldneedhelp,pleasetellme.（2）虚拟语气中的主句也可以是疑问句、感叹句、祈使句：(3)过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态动词，表示“能够”，相当于“hadbeenableto”IfIcouldhaveearnedenoughmoney,Ishouldhavetraveledovertheworld.Ifyoucouldhavepreventedmistakes,youmighthavebeenmoresuccessful.(4)条件从句中不可用would,Ifhewouldhavecomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhim.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhim.(3)过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态2.错综时间条件句/混合式虚拟语气HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifthecriminalwerehonest,hewouldhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago.2.错综时间条件句/混合式虚拟语气Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.IfIwererich,Iwouldhaveboughtthevillalastyear.如果条件句做宾语从句，其动词形式不受主句谓语动词的影响。Ioftentellherthatifshehadmadeanothertry,shemighthavebeensuccessful.(过去)Iwilltellherthatifshewould/weretomakeanothertry,shemightbesuccessful.（将来）Ihavetoldherthatifshemadeanothertry,shemightbesuccessful.（现在）Iftheyhadlefthomeinearly3无条件的虚拟语气表示“无条件”的词有：with,without,butfor,or,but,otherwise,even,incaseof,whatif…Butfor(=ifitwerenotfor…)yourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceeded.Theywouldn’thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithout(ifitwerenotfor.)thatcommonground.Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.

3无条件的虚拟语气4.含蓄条件句有时，句子中没有表示虚拟语气的词，短语或从句，但依然要用虚拟语气。这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，称之。Iwoulddoanythingforher.(ifIcould)Youmighthavefailed.(ifyoumadelessefforts)Sheshouldhavedied.(ifshehadtakenthatbus)Evenstoneswouldshedtears.(tohearthesadnews.)4.含蓄条件句Itwoulddoyounogood.(ifyoushouldgiveupthejob.)Heavenwouldcryattheirsufferings.(ifitwereabletoseetheirsufferings)Shemighthaverefusedtoanswer.(ifyouhadaskedher.)Wecouldhavewonthebattle,(butwewereimpatient)Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney.(butwegaveuphalfway)Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.(ifonehadbeenmorecareful)Itwoulddoyounogood.(ify虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用（1）wish后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：were/动词的过去式与过去事实相反：had+过去分词/would/could+have+过去分词表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望：would/should/could/might+动词原形Iwishshewere/washere.Iwishthemoonwereshiningatthemoment.Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.Sophiawishedshehadn’tdoneit.IwishthatIhadneverseenher.Iwishyouwouldn’tbesonervous.Hewishedshemightdobetternexttime.Iwishshehadtakenmyadviceifonly和(I)wouldthat后用虚拟语气表示现在没有实现的愿望：谓语动词（一般过去式）表示过去没有实现的愿望：谓语用过去完成式（had+V.ed）翻译为：“要是…就好了”,“但愿”Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!WouldthatIhadseenherbeforeshedied.Ifonlyheweremorecautious.WouldthatIwereyoungagain.ifonly和(I)wouldthat后虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand等后的宾语从句中如：propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,arrange,ask,recommend,advise,maintain,persist,permit,providedirect,persuadedictateagreepraylegislatesentenceobject后用动词原形或should+动词原形Hedeterminedthatshewouldgoatonce.Theyintendedthatnewsshouldbesuppressed.Ipreferthatyounoteatthemeat.虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand等后Sheinsistedthattheseatsshouldbebookedinadvance.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwagesshouldberaisedby10percent.Theyrequestedthatheshouldsingasong.Headvisedthatthedoctorshouldbesentfor.Thecommitteedecidedthatnooneshouldbeadmittedwithoutaticket.SometimesshewouldsuggestthatIshouldbesavingsomeofthemoney.Theexaminationinstructionsaskthatthestudentsshouldnotusearedpen.Itwasarrangedthatsheleavethenextweek.Sheinsistedthattheseats虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语，常用的词有：advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,pay,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,preference,request,plan,motion,desire,sentence…后用动词原形或should+动词原形虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名Thedemandisthatmanuscriptsshouldbewrittenononesideonly.Heissuedtheorderthatthetroopsshouldwithdrawatonce.Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamilyshouldgatheronceayear.Theirdesirewasthatatreatyshouldbesigned.Thesentenceisthatthemurderershouldbeshot.Thedemandisthatmanuscripts虚拟语气用在important,necessary等后的从句中urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,insistent,obligatory,vital,advisable,better,keen,preferable,fitting,rightgoodpropercompulsorycarefulfunnypitifulimperativeresolvedeageranxious,concerned,ridiculous,unthinkable可以构成句型“itis+adj./n.+that”,有些词要用“Iam+adj.+that”,用should+be句型虚拟语气用在important,necessary等后的从Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffortshouldbemade.Itisessentialthattheprogramshouldbeloadedintocomputer.Heiscarefulthatnobodyshouldknowaboutthesecret.Shewasanxiousthatherdaughtershouldbetakengoodcareof.虚拟语气三课件itis(high/about)time…句型这时，谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Itishightimethatwewereoff.Itistimethatwewenttobed.Itistimethatsomebodytaughtyoutobehaveyourself.这种句型中的过去式也可以改为should(不能省略)+动词原形，但过去式要更普通一些。Itisabouttimeweshouldgotobed.Itisquitetimesheshouldwashherclothes.itis(high/about)time…句型7.在forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat,lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气should/could/might+动词原形,在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。Heremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.Hekeptquietlesthe(should)disturbher.7.在forfearthat,inorderthShealwaysstudieshardlestshe(should)lagbehind.Iwillnotmakeanoiseforfear(that)Ishould/mightdisturbyou.IdidthissothatImighthaveacoupleofweekstopreparemypaper.Ihavecomeallthewayhereinorderthatyoushouldunderstandme.虚拟语气三课件

imagine后的虚拟语气表示现在或将来非现实情况的意想用were型结构，表示对过去非实际情况的意想用had+过去分词结构。Imaginethatwewereonadesolateislandnow.Imaginethatyouwerelaughedatbythoseshallowpeople.Imaginethathehadnothadtakenthosemeasures,whatwouldhavehappened?imagine后的虚拟语气以asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式，与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could+动词原形Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.Shelooksasthoughsheweresick.Hetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehasseenthemhimself.Ifeel/feltasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.Itlooksasifitmightrain.以asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语比较：HewalksasifheisdrunkHewalksasifheweredrunk.比较：10.wouldrather,wouldsooner,hadbetter,wouldassoon,justassoon后的句子用虚拟语气(1)接动词原形，指现在或将来时间，表示一种主观愿望或选择Iwouldratherdoittoday.Hewouldsoonerdiethansurrender.He’drathernotgodancingtonight.10.wouldrather,wouldsoone(2)接不定式完成式，表示过去的某种选择不恰当I‘drathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.I’dratherhavestayedathomethanwenttothedullfilm.(2)接不定式完成式，表示过去的某种选择不恰当(3)接从句，用虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的愿望时，用一般过去式，表示一个过去的愿望时，用过去完成式。I’dratheryoupaidthemoneyyourself.I’dsoonyoudidn’tdoanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.Iwouldsoonershepaintedthewallgreennexttime.I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.(3)接从句，用虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的愿望时，用一般过11.

wouldrather…than/would…ratherthan后的从句用虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”than后的that可以省略。Iwouldratherdiethan(that)heshouldknowthesecret.Hewoulddoanythingratherthan(that)heshouldlivewithsuchashamelesswoman.11.wouldrather…than/wou(四)条件句的其他表示法1.As(so)longas真实性条件从句Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoureturnitinoneweek.2.onconditionthat“在…条件下”，陈述语气或虚拟语气均可。Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthattheydo/shoulddonoharmtotheanimals.3.giventhat真实条件，用陈述语气Giventhathedoesn’tagreetodoit,weshallgoitalone.(四)条件句的其他表示法4.ifitwerenotfor…“如果没有…”,表示与现在事实相反，主句用should型虚拟语气。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould/wouldbecomewithered.Ifithadnotbeenfor…“如果当时没有…”,表示与过去事实相反。Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavegonebankrupt.5.assumingthat真实条件，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气。Assuming(that)wecan’tgetloan,whatshallwedo?6.intheeventthat同上IntheeventthatHarryrejectstheproposal,whatwillshedo?.4.ifitwerenotfor…“如果没有…”,7.supposethat既可以表示真实条件，用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的假设。Suppose/supposingthatitrains,wewon’tgoout.Suppose/supposingthatitrained,weshouldn’tgoout.Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravitationalforce,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped7.supposethat既可以表示真实条件，用陈述语8．Providethat/providingthat表示真实条件Shewaspreparedtocome,provided/providingthatshemightbringherchildren.HewaswillingtogivethejobtomeprovidedthatIcouldassurehimIcoulddoitwell.比较：Youwillbecriticizedprovidedthat(×)/ifyouareascarelessasbefore.Childrenwerepermittedintothehallforthefilmprovided(that)/=iftheydidnotmakeanytrouble.8．Providethat/providingthat9．Unless既可以做真实性条件，=if…not.也可以做非真实性条件句，=but…if或exceptonconditionthat…Icouldn’tgetagrantunlessIhadfiveyears’teachingexperience.Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.Icouldn’thaveboughtitunlessIhadhadenoughmoney.9．Unless既可以做真实性条件，=if…not.10.incase引导的句子既可以用陈述语气，又可以用虚拟语气，由should构成，should可以省略。Thegameswillbepostponedincaseitsnows.(可能性更大)Thegameswillbepostponedincaseit(should)snow.（可能性小）10.incase引导的句子既可以用陈述语气，又可以用11.and表示条件的三种结构形式(1)祈使句(相当于条件状语从句)+and+陈述句（既可以用表示真实条件，也可以表示非真实条件）如：Careforothersandotherswillloveyou.Onemorestepforwardandyouwilltouchit.Onemorestepforwardandyouwouldhavetouchedit.11.and表示条件的三种结构形式

(2)祈使句(相当于条件状语从句)+and（可以省略）+祈使句Lightcome,lightgo.来得容易去得快。Marryinhaste,repentatleisure.草率结婚，事后后悔。Sparetherodandspoilthechild.孩子不打不成器。Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。(2)祈使句(相当于条件状语从句)+and（可以省（3）名词词组+and+陈述句（表示真实条件或虚拟语气）Onemoreeffort,andyouwillgainyourgoal.Afewhoursearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenthefamousnovelist.（3）名词词组+and+陈述句（表示真实条件或虚拟12.or表示条件的结构形式：祈使句+or+祈使句,or表示一个否定概念，即第一个祈使句相当于If…not…Makemoreeffort,oryouwillfail.用orelse,otherwise,orotherwise,else来强调or.Hecan’tbesoirresponsible,ortheywouldn’thaveallowedhimtodothat.Ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.12.or表示条件的结构形式：祈使句+or+祈使句13.独立条件句中的虚拟语气有时候，主句可以省略，条件句可以独立存在，表示“但愿…”，“…怎么办”等意。IfIwereyoungagain!IfIsucceeded.Oh,ifIcouldseeyou.Oh,ifIhadanotherchance!Oh,hadInotgivenup!.13.独立条件句中的虚拟语气

3.never…but…

意为:when…always

Itneverrainsbutitpours.

IneverseethepicturebutIthinkofmycollegeyears.

3.never…but…

意为:when…

notsuch…but…,so…but…或否定主语+be+so+but句型中but相当于that…not…

Heisnotsuchafoolbutheknowsit.Notaskissohardbut(/butthat)hecanaccomplishit.notsuch…but…,Idonotdoubtbut(/butthat)…Idonotdenybut(/butthat)…Itisnotimpossiblebut(butthat)句型

Hedidn’tdoubtbutthatsnowwouldshortlyfall.Idonotdenybutthatitisawisedecision.Thereisnodoubtbutthatheisguilty.Idonotdoubtbut(/butthatandyet和butyet是yet的变体：indeed…but…,itistrue…but…，Tobesure…but…,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand….Sheisvain,andyetpeoplelikeher.Ihavegivenhimallheaskedfor,butyetheisstillnotsatisfied.It’struesheisbeautiful,butsheisratherselfish.andyet和butyet是yet的变体：indeeTobesurehe’saniceperson,butheisnotveryclever.Indeedshetriedhard,butshedidnotsucceed.Helovesherindeed,buthedarenotproposemarriagetoher.Tobesurehe’saniceperson

while,whereasHelikessports,whileI’drathercollectstamps.Wisemenseekaftertruthwhile/whereasfoolsdespiseknowledge.Youcanwearoutironshoesinfruitlesssearch,whereasyoumayhitonwhatyouneedwithoutevenlookingforit.while,whereas

orWearyourcoatoryou’llcatchcold.Doityourselforasksomebodyelsetodoit.She’sastudentorsomething.Heleftthekeyintheclassroomorsomewhere.Itcostsahundreddollarsorso.Moneyornomoney,shehasmadeuphermindtodotheexperiment.

aswellas做并列连词

=notonly…butalso…,noless…than…

比较:

Heisastatesmanaswellasascholar.

Heisnolessastatesmanthanascholar.

Heisnotonlyascholarbutalsoastatesman.

Hehasexperienceaswellasskill.

Hehasnolessexperiencethanskill.

Hehasnotonlyskillbutalsoexperience.

Aswellas=and…aswell(侧重后项)aswellas做并列连词

=noto比较：Heneedstodevelophisreading,andhiswritingaswell.Heneedstodevelophiswritingaswellashisreading.Heneedstodevelopnotonlyhisreadingbutalsohiswriting.比较：在否定句中，aswellas的位置不同，句子的意义往往有很大的差异。He,aswellasshe,willnotcome.Hewillnotcomeaswellasshe.Henry,aswellashisbrother,doesn’tworkhard.Henrydoesn’tworkhardaswellashisbrother.在否定句中，aswellas的位置不同，句子的意义往往ratherthan也可以起并列连词的作用，连接两个完全对应的语法结构连接形容词：Heismodestratherthanshy.Behonestratherthanclever.连接名词：Janeprefersmathsratherthanphysics.连接谓语动词:Theoldmanhobbledratherthanran.Helayratherthansatinhisarmchair.ratherthan也可以起并列连词的作用，连接两个完连接不定式：Helendecidedtoquitthejobratherthantoaccepttheterm.Ratherthanwork,shewouldplay.Ratherthandisappointthem,hetoldthechildrenamusingstories.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.Hehadwanderedawayratherthanbewithhisfriends.连接不定式：Helendecidedtoquitt有些并列连词也可以连接并列分句：either…or…neither…nor…notonly…butalso…,NeitherIwouldconsulthimnorhewouldasdkmeforadvice.Notonlywastheroomwelldecorated,butalsomealwasready.有些并列连词也可以连接并列分句：either…or…asitis/asitwereIthoughtthatthingswouldgetbetter;butasitis,theyaregettingworse.Asitwas,shewasaveryvaingirl.

Asitis可放在句子尾部，紧跟在名词或代词后面，意为：“照现在的样子，按目前的情况”，Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkasitis.Taketheworldasitis.Don’tworryaboutit,leaveitasitis.asitis/asitwereANewEnglishGrammarViceProfessorGanDaixia2010.3ANewEnglishGrammarViceProf

虚拟语气三种语气简介语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。陈述语气：谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的，也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来，或提出一种看法。Flowersblossominspring.Theyellowleavesarefallingintheautumnwind.Themoonispeepingthroughthewindowatthesleeplessgirl.It’sprobablygoingtosnowtomorrow.

祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告禁止等。Dodropintoseeus.Keepoffthegrass.虚拟语气：把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推断”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件，它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝福等。MothertoldmetoputonmysweaterlestIshouldcatchcold.IwishIwereawhitecloud.Ajudiciousmanwouldn’tdolikethat.

祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用英语中的条件句有2种：真实和非真实条件句。非真实条件句包括：虚拟条件句、推测条件句、错综时间条件句。1．虚拟条件句有2种：一是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；另一是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况，也称推测条件句。would有时可以换成should,could，might。虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用

条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（were）would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would+have+V.ed与现在事实相反1．一般过去式2．were+不定式3．should+V.

would/should+V.条件从句结果主句与现在动词过Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow,ifIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.IfIknewtheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.Ifwishesweehorses,beggarsmightride.

Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifh

Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeopleifwehadn’tbuiltsomanyreservoirs.Jackwouldhavediedifthedoctorshadn’toperatedonhimtimely..Ifwehadn’tmadeadequateprIfhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo?shewouldtellmeifsheshouldknowit.Ifsheshouldhaveenoughmoney,hewouldbuyit.Ifhewereherethisevening,比较：Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ifitweretosnow,Ifitshouldsnow,Ishould/wouldstayathome.比较：

注意：（1）条件句中有were,had,should,could时，可以省略if，而把were,had,should,could放在主句前，用倒装结构，这种用法多用语书面语中。Wereitnecessary,Imightresign.Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.CouldyoumeetMary,youshouldnotbeabletorecognizeher.Weretheytogetmarried,theywouldbehappy.Werehelivinghappily,Iwouldbeverymuchastonished.注意：（2）虚拟语气中的主句也可以是疑问句、感叹句、祈使句：Ifshehadeverything,wouldshebehappy?IfhehadmarriedAlice,howhappyhewouldhavebeen!Ifyouweremanenough,don’tgiveup.Ifyoushouldneedhelp,pleasetellme.（2）虚拟语气中的主句也可以是疑问句、感叹句、祈使句：(3)过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态动词，表示“能够”，相当于“hadbeenableto”IfIcouldhaveearnedenoughmoney,Ishouldhavetraveledovertheworld.Ifyoucouldhavepreventedmistakes,youmighthavebeenmoresuccessful.(4)条件从句中不可用would,Ifhewouldhavecomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhim.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhim.(3)过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态2.错综时间条件句/混合式虚拟语气HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifthecriminalwerehonest,hewouldhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago.2.错综时间条件句/混合式虚拟语气Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.IfIwererich,Iwouldhaveboughtthevillalastyear.如果条件句做宾语从句，其动词形式不受主句谓语动词的影响。Ioftentellherthatifshehadmadeanothertry,shemighthavebeensuccessful.(过去)Iwilltellherthatifshewould/weretomakeanothertry,shemightbesuccessful.（将来）Ihavetoldherthatifshemadeanothertry,shemightbesuccessful.（现在）Iftheyhadlefthomeinearly3无条件的虚拟语气表示“无条件”的词有：with,without,butfor,or,but,otherwise,even,incaseof,whatif…Butfor(=ifitwerenotfor…)yourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceeded.Theywouldn’thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithout(ifitwerenotfor.)thatcommonground.Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.

3无条件的虚拟语气4.含蓄条件句有时，句子中没有表示虚拟语气的词，短语或从句，但依然要用虚拟语气。这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，称之。Iwoulddoanythingforher.(ifIcould)Youmighthavefailed.(ifyoumadelessefforts)Sheshouldhavedied.(ifshehadtakenthatbus)Evenstoneswouldshedtears.(tohearthesadnews.)4.含蓄条件句Itwoulddoyounogood.(ifyoushouldgiveupthejob.)Heavenwouldcryattheirsufferings.(ifitwereabletoseetheirsufferings)Shemighthaverefusedtoanswer.(ifyouhadaskedher.)Wecouldhavewonthebattle,(butwewereimpatient)Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney.(butwegaveuphalfway)Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.(ifonehadbeenmorecareful)Itwoulddoyounogood.(ify虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用（1）wish后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：were/动词的过去式与过去事实相反：had+过去分词/would/could+have+过去分词表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望：would/should/could/might+动词原形Iwishshewere/washere.Iwishthemoonwereshiningatthemoment.Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.Sophiawishedshehadn’tdoneit.IwishthatIhadneverseenher.Iwishyouwouldn’tbesonervous.Hewishedshemightdobetternexttime.Iwishshehadtakenmyadviceifonly和(I)wouldthat后用虚拟语气表示现在没有实现的愿望：谓语动词（一般过去式）表示过去没有实现的愿望：谓语用过去完成式（had+V.ed）翻译为：“要是…就好了”,“但愿”Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!WouldthatIhadseenherbeforeshedied.Ifonlyheweremorecautious.WouldthatIwereyoungagain.ifonly和(I)wouldthat后虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand等后的宾语从句中如：propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,arrange,ask,recommend,advise,maintain,persist,permit,providedirect,persuadedictateagreepraylegislatesentenceobject后用动词原形或should+动词原形Hedeterminedthatshewouldgoatonce.Theyintendedthatnewsshouldbesuppressed.Ipreferthatyounoteatthemeat.虚拟语气用在suggest,order,demand等后Sheinsistedthattheseatsshouldbebookedinadvance.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwagesshouldberaisedby10percent.Theyrequestedthatheshouldsingasong.Headvisedthatthedoctorshouldbesentfor.Thecommitteedecidedthatnooneshouldbeadmittedwithoutaticket.SometimesshewouldsuggestthatIshouldbesavingsomeofthemoney.Theexaminationinstructionsaskthatthestudentsshouldnotusearedpen.Itwasarrangedthatsheleavethenextweek.Sheinsistedthattheseats虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语，常用的词有：advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,pay,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,preference,request,plan,motion,desire,sentence…后用动词原形或should+动词原形虚拟语气用在advice,demand,order等名Thedemandisthatmanuscriptsshouldbewrittenononesideonly.Heissuedtheorderthatthetroopsshouldwithdrawatonce.Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamilyshouldgatheronceayear.Theirdesirewasthatatreatyshouldbesigned.Thesentenceisthatthemurderershouldbeshot.Thedemandisthatmanuscripts虚拟语气用在important,necessary等后的从句中urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,insistent,obligatory,vital,advisable,better,keen,preferable,fitting,rightgoodpropercompulsorycarefulfunnypitifulimperativeresolvedeageranxious,concerned,ridiculous,unthinkable可以构成句型“itis+adj./n.+that”,有些词要用“Iam+adj.+that”,用should+be句型虚拟语气用在important,necessary等后的从Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffortshouldbemade.Itisessentialthattheprogramshouldbeloadedintocomputer.Heiscarefulthatnobodyshouldknowaboutthesecret.Shewasanxiousthatherdaughtershouldbetakengoodcareof.虚拟语气三课件itis(high/about)time…句型这时，谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Itishightimethatwewereoff.Itistimethatwewenttobed.Itistimethatsomebodytaughtyoutobehaveyourself.这种句型中的过去式也可以改为should(不能省略)+动词原形，但过去式要更普通一些。Itisabouttimeweshouldgotobed.Itisquitetime