考研考博-英语-山东英才学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东英才学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IputmveartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.

问题1选项

A.Iputmveartotheobject

B.asIfirsttappeditlightly

C.thenstrikeditwithahammer

D.washollow,preferably

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】动词误用。striked改为knocked。后面提到“withoutbreakingit”,这种程度应该用Knocked合适。

2.单选题

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionoftheabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

问题1选项

A.definition

B.encouragement

C.regulation

D.supposition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。assumption表示“假定，设想”。A项definition“定义，清晰度”，B项encouragement“鼓励”，C项regulation“管理，规则”，D项supposition“假定，推测”。句意：狭义相对论的框架可以从光速绝对不变性的假设来构建。根据题意该题选D。

3.单选题

Everystudentmust（

）thelibraryrules.

问题1选项

A.conceiveof

B.compensatefor

C.concentrateon

D.complywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。conceiveof“设想，想象”；compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”;concentrateon“集中精力于，全神贯注于”；complywith“照做，遵守”。句意：每个学生都必须遵守图书馆的规则。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

问题1选项

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。当先行词为theway时，关系代词可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公众非常关心自然受到破坏的方式。

5.单选题

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。multiply意为“乘”；breed意为“饲养，培育(动植物)”；magnify意为“放大”；generation作名词时，意为“产生，繁殖”。

句意：将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究，这一点是千真万确的。

6.问答题

Manygovernmentsaregrowingincreasinglydeterminedtostampoutthathasbeenreferred

A

B

C

toasthe“corruptioneruption”.

D

【答案】试题答案：C;what

【解析】考查关系代词。that不能充当宾语从句中的主语，分析句子可知从句中缺少主语，因此将that改为what。

7.单选题

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

问题1选项

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。四个选项都有“成分，某物的组成部分”之意。A选项element“元素，要素”；B选项component“配件、要素”，机械的原件或者是组装配件；C选项ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹调用的事物配料；D选项constituent“成份、选民”，指的是整体中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介词后面的关键词“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉与糖”，可知空格部分关键词为“原料”，句意为：制作蛋糕的两个重要的原料是面粉与糖。故正确答案选C。

8.单选题

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter“奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。

9.单选题

Whenpeoplearcstruckbylightening,theyfalltothegroundasthoughtheywerestruckbyasevereblowtotheheaD.Aftertheshocktheymayremainunconscious,becomesemiconsciousorbeconsciousbutconfusedanddazed,atleastforatime.Flashesoflightmaycontinuepassingbeforetheireyes,andblindnessanddeafnessmayfollow.Thenervoussystemmaybebadlyaffected,causingparalysis,paininthelimbsandevenhemorrhage.Therewillbebumswherethelighteningpassedthroughthebody,andlikeallelectricalbums,theyareoftendeepandsevere.

Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.Donotbeafraidtotouchthevictim.Youwon'tgetashock.ThelighteninghasalreadybeengroundeD.Rememberthatspeedisofthegreatestimportanceinseverecases.

Thefirstthingtodoistoloosentightclothingaboutthethroatandwaist.Thencleartheairpassagesofmucus(黏液)ifpresent,andapplyartificialrespirationifnecessary.Givemouth-mouthresuscitationifneeded,orgiveoxygenifavailable.ManyvictimsthoughtIobedeadhavebeenrevivedaftertreatment.

Sendsomeoneforadoctorassoonaspossible,butdon'tleavethevictimalone.Ifadoctorisnotavailable,takethepersontoahospitalassoonasthepersoncanbesafelymoved.

Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.Totreatshock,youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeetandcoverhimorherwithablanketbutwatchoutforoverheating.Givingastimulatinghotteaorcoffeewillhelp,butonlyifthepatientisthoroughlyconscious.

Afterbreathinghasbeenrestoredandshockistreated,treatthebums.Applysomesalveandcoverthemwithacleanclothorasteriledressing.Ifconscious,thepatientwillbebadlyfrightened,sodoallyoucantoreassure.Alittleknowledgeandahelpinghandmaysavesomeone'slife.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout（）.

2.Accordinglothepassage,allthefollowingaresignsofshockexcept（）.

3.Itcanbeguessedfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"salve"inline2ofthelastparagraphmostlikelymeans（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmustnotbedonewhiletreatingshock?

问题1选项

A.whichmetalsconductelectricitybest

B.wheretogoinathunderstorm

C.howtotreatsomeonestruckbylightening

D.howtomakemouth-to-mouthresuscitation

问题2选项

A.abnormalfever

B.coldskin

C.irregularbreathing

D.rapidpulse

问题3选项

A.manycampersandhuntersarestruckbylightening

B.carsareconvenientforoutdooractivities

C.electricshockdoeslittleharmtothehumanbody

D.onlyprofessionalnursesanddoctorsareallowedtogivefirstaid

问题4选项

A.sponge

B.bandage

C.ointment

D.liquid

问题5选项

A.Givingthepatientacupofhottea.

B.Makingthepatientliewiththefeetlowerthanthehead.

C.Coveringthebumswithasteriledressing.

D.Applyingartificialrespiration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述如何治疗被闪电击中的人。

2.根据第五段的第一句“Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.”可知，只有选项A不属于休克的症状，所以本题选A。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.”所有人，尤其是露营者和猎人，都应该知道如何对被闪电击中的人进行急救。由此可推断，露营者和猎人最容易遇到被闪电击中的情况，所以选项A正确。

4.根据常识，被雷电击中后会被烧伤，烧伤之后当然要涂抹一些药膏，所以这里的“salve”指药膏，只有选项C与之意思相近。

5.根据原文可知，选项B对应文中的“youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeet”，但与原文表述相反，因此选择B选项。

10.单选题

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixinglegalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.

Wearebeingasked,andinfact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.

Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause（）.

2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis（）.

3.Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

B.theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

C.timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

D.itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

问题2选项

A.topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

B.toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

C.totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

D.toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards

问题3选项

A.narrow-minded

B.blindtothefacts

C.short-sighted

D.abletoseeonlyoneaspect

问题4选项

A.Legislationandgovernmentintervention

B.Theindustry'sunderstandingandsupport.

C.Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals

D.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists

问题5选项

A.Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures

B.Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution

C.Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution

D.Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“他们不知道自己行为的后果”，B项“他们不愿意牺牲自己的经济利益”，C项“他们应该重视环境保护的时间还没有到来”，D项“他们很难采取有效措施”。文章第一段提到“...notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.不仅仅是接受责任，更重要的是采取措施”可知工业家们忽视环境保护主要是因为B项，故选B。

2.事实细节题。A项“通过立法、经济激励和劝说来防止污染”，B项“唤起公众对环境保护重要性的认识”，C项“采取激进措施控制环境污染”，D项“通过执行环境标准来提高生活质量”。从四个选项中可看出ACD三项为政府行为，同时文章第三段提到“Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.是的，生态学家、环境活动家和自然保护主义者致力于交流、激发和促进来推进环境保护。”可知B项正确，故选B。

3.词汇题。A项“心胸狭隘的”；B项“无视事实”；C项“目光短浅的”；D项“片面的”。文章倒数第二段提到“Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.我们必须从各个角度看待问题，做出客观的决定”‘‘Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.在方法上，我们不能再tunnel-visioned”可知“tunnel-visioned”的意思为“片面的，只看到一面的”，故选D。

4.事实细节题。A项“立法和政府干预”，B项“企业的理解和支持”，C项“环境卫生专业人员的努力”，D项“生态学家，环境活动家和自然资源保护者的合作”。题干提问“哪一项应在解决环境问题方面发挥主导作用”。文章第三段提到“However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.然而，我们中那些付了薪水来决定发展、改进和强制实施环保标准的人必须是领头人"，理解此句的关键在于明白“us”所指，第三段第二句提到“Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference我们作为环境卫生专业人员有责任发挥作用”可知，“我们的责任”指的是“我们作为专家的责任”，因此，us是指的专家，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A项“应努力防止污染，而不是采取补救措施”，B项“为了防止污染，应该花更多的钱”，C项“普通公民无法获得有关污染的技术信息”，D项“环境退化将在本世纪末停止”。文章最后一段提到“Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.我们到那时将可以把用在环保上的钱真正地用在环保预防而不是补救上”可知A项符合题意。B项在文中没有提及；最后一段提到“...wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.我们必须能够以公民可以理解的形式交流技术信息”可知C项不正确；最后一段中“Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.如果我们能在这十年里实现这三个目标，也许我们最终可以让环境停止退化，而不只是防止环境退化”中“if”表明是一个假设的条件，故D项不正确。故选A。

11.单选题

It’susuallythecasethatpeopleseldombehaveina___waywheninafuriousstate.

问题1选项

A.stable

B.rational

C.legal

D.credible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stable“稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的”；B选项rational“合理的；理性的”；C选项legal“法律的；合法的；法定的；依照法律的”；D选项credible“可靠的，可信的”。句意：通常情况下，人们在暴怒状态下很少会做出___行为。本句表达“很少有人在暴怒时能做出理性的行为”，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.resource

C.inspiration

D.stimulus

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive表示“动机，刺激”；A项investment“投资”，B项resource“资源”，C项inspiration“灵感，鼓舞”，D项stimulus“刺激，激励”。句意：如果创新者的创新没有得到经济上的奖励，那么对开创性创新的激励最终会枯竭。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

13.单选题

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape—--andthewayyourbodyworks—--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

“It’sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,”saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain’sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchoolRenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”

Someonewho’s1.5meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon’tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.“Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,”saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain’sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath’ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.“Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.”

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-l6-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen’srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.

OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

2.ThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?

4.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause（）.

5.Theword“elite”inParagraph5means（）.

问题1选项

A.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

B.trainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

C.genesaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

D.psychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

问题2选项

A.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople’sbodyshapet

B.genesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople’sbodyshapet

C.identicaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsportst

D.identicaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsportst

问题3选项

A.Thephysicalstrength.t

B.Therighttrainingconditions.t

C.Thetalentforthesports.t

D.Theenduranceforpains.t

问题4选项

A.shehadthetalentforrowingt

B.herbodyshapewasrightforarowert

C.shehadtheperformancegenest

D.shewasaskillfulrowert

问题5选项

A.themostwealthyt

B.themostskilledt

C.themostindustrioust

D.themostintelligent

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中，可以推断出……”。本文讨论的是决定一个人能够成为优秀的运动员的原因，根据文章最后一句话Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”（现在，基因知识的爆炸意味着现在有了一项研究，不仅是关于合适的体格，还有“表现基因”）可推断，人类先天的基因条件对于塑造一个成功的运动员来说更为重要；故C项“基因对运动员的成功更重要”符合题意。A项“身体力量对运动员的成功更重要”和D项“心理状况对运动员的成功更为重要”文章没有提及；B项“训练条件对运动员的成功更为重要”只在第三段提到，不够全面。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“来自德国的同卵双胞胎的案例表明了……”。根据题干定位到文章第二段oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”（其中一个是一个长跑运动员，另一个是力量型运动员；所以，“他们虽然是同卵双胞胎，但是体型完全不同），由此我们可以推断，即便有基因因素，但是后天的体型还是由环境决定的，故A项“环境可以帮助决定人们的体型”符合题意。B项“基因是决定体型的决定性因素”，内容与原文相反；C项“同卵双胞胎可能喜欢不同的运动”和D项“同卵双胞胎可能对不同的运动有不同的基因”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“下面哪项没有被CraigSharp提到作为一个运动员赢得奥运会金牌的必要素质？”。根据题干定位到文章的第三段Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain（除非你有必要的战术意识，除非你有良好的设备、医疗护理和心理状况，除非你能让自己克服疼痛，否则所有的体力都将是无用的）可知，作为一个运动员赢得奥运会金牌的必要素质就是吃苦耐劳，故D项“吃苦耐劳”正确。A项“体力”、B项“正确的培训条件”和C项“体育天赋”只是部分，比较片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“十七年前，梅根斯蒂尔被选为赛艇选手是因为……”。根据题干定位到文章的第五段，In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen’srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.（1987年，斯蒂尔一生中从未拿起过船桨，但她几乎拥有划艇运动员最完美的体格，经过高强度训练后，她在1996年亚特兰大奥运会上赢得了女子赛艇金牌），由此可知斯蒂尔被选为赛艇选手是因为她的完美体格，故B项“她的身材适合划船”正确。A项“她有划船的天赋”没有提及；C项“她有表现基因”，完美的体格与“表现基因”是两个概念；D项“她是一个熟练的赛艇手”，内容与原文不符。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第5题:语义推测题。题干意思是“第五段的‘elite’是……意思”。elite表示“精英”，根据elite后面的关键词athlete（运动员）可以推测，从事运动行业的人都是有技巧的，所以elite在这里是表示“skilled（有技巧的）”，故B项“最熟练的”正确。A项“最富有的”、C项“最勤劳的”和D项“最聪明的”都不是“有技巧的”的意思。因此，该题选择B项正确。

14.单选题

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

问题1选项

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，我们不得不提供一种至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。

15.单选题

Hitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhe（

）theSecondWorldWar.

问题1选项

A.implemented

B.launched

C.took

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项implement“实行，实施”；B选项launch“发动，发起”；C选项take“取，拿”；D选项practice“练习，实行”。由题干“第二次世界大战”可知“launch发动”符合题意，句意为：希特勒发动二战时全副武装。故答案选B。

16.单选题

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

问题1选项

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。courtesy"礼貌的",demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其来的念头;剌激,推动力"。句意：当她得知自己打破了世界纪录时，情不自禁地在领奖台上落泪了。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

问题1选项

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquired

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持”；gain“获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve“收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire“获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

问题1选项

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：男士预约了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三来。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以帮你预约那天上午10点。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想约史密斯医生。）”，可知A选项“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10点史密斯医生。）”符合原文。

19.填空题

reconstitute

capable

power

literal

communicate

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,can（1）beinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthe（2）ofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronically（3）intothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehiclefor（4）,andassuchbecomesa（5）toolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

【答案】1.literally

2.capability

3.reconstituted

4.communication

5.powerful

【解析】1.句意：可以从字面上理解为来自远处的景象。此处应用副词形式，因此填literally。

2.句意：电视能够将一幅图像（这幅图像被聚焦在一部摄像机内的一块特殊的光导底片上）转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。此处应用名词形式，因此填capability。

3.句意：可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像。此处应用被动语态，因此填reconstituted。

4.句意：它是表达的手段和交流的载体。此处应用名词形式，因此填communication。

5.句意：因此成为联系他人的有力工具。此处应用形容词形式，因此填powerful。

20.单选题

Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

问题1选项

A.intervened

B.insulated

C.hampered

D.pampered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intervened“介入（intervene的过去式和过去分词）”；B选项insulated“有隔热（或隔音、绝缘）保护的”；C选项hampered“受阻碍的”；D选项pampered“饮食过量的；饮食奢侈的”。句意：这种流行病的突然爆发并没有给当地的商业带来多大的___。本句表达“当地的商业并没有受阻碍”，因此C选项正确。

21.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的（表示对……的尊重）”；B选项respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，语气程度最深）”；C选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的（被社会接受的，好的或正确的）”；D选项suitable“适当的；相配的”。句意：邻居们认为他不太___，因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。本句表达“邻居认为他不太值得尊敬”，不太被邻居接受，因此C选项正确。

22.单选题

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

问题1选项

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

问题2选项

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

问题3选项

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

问题4选项

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

问题5选项

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或许最重要的原因是，这个问题一直以来都带有浓厚的政治色彩。由此可知B选项involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合题意。

2.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把历史偏见放在一边，采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。由此可知C选项sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏见符合题意。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部长唐福斯特暗示，财政大臣乔治奥斯本可能会对地方政府现有的住房债务上限引入更多的灵活性。由此可知A选项allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允许政府增加住房债务符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部长们还应着眼于在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性，这将对已注册供应商从收入中为新开发项目提供资金的能力产生重大影响。由此可知C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelyto