考研考博-英语-山东大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

问题1选项

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.present礼物；礼品B.token象征；标志

C.mark污点；污渍D.sign迹象；征兆

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交换了戒指）可推知，交换戒指是爱情的象征，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在婚礼上，新郎和新娘交换了戒指作为他们爱情的象征。

2.单选题

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson（）shetakesit.

问题1选项

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。句意：世上没有生来就想靠别人吃饭的女人，无论是靠父亲、丈夫还是兄弟；因为任何一个人这样做的话，就是将自己置于施舍之人的权利之下。根据句意可知，第一空主要是需要明确from的主语应该是“thebread”，所以应该用单数形式的it来指代，由此可排除选项A和选项C；其次第二空的先行词是theperson，关系代词应该用whom，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

Theyaskedustocometotheirpartybutwe（

）theinvitation.

问题1选项

A.rejected

B.refused

C.declined

D.spurn

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。

4.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。

5.单选题

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

问题1选项

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

问题2选项

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

问题3选项

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

问题4选项

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

问题5选项

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知仅仅在单独国家的框架内观察事态发展已不再可行。继续局限于各州的地理边界，容易导致例外主义。可推断出从包容性的角度看，伊斯兰教的发展将在全球范围内得到理解，并与其他宗教的发展相联系。这一现象可以表达包容的观点。选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽视了全球化的影响和全球化对历史发展的直接影响。从句子中的also可判断，主语应该为同一对象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于单独的国家的地理边界。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯兰政治角色包括21世纪伊斯兰教法对社会的意义、主流穆斯林活动的战场、心灵斗争演变的例子。所以穆斯林和社会之间的关系不属于伊斯兰的政治角色。选项A符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯兰教关于应该如何组织人类的中心不是“国家”，而是社会团体。因为单词or可判断出ummah应该为前面提到的事物。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者认为主流穆斯林思想和极端主义思想对于伊斯兰和他们的社会里面都是很重要，因为界定整个社会秩序的发展性质的辩论是决定21世纪亚洲穆斯林社会性质的一个主要部分。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Nomatterhowfrequently（）,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.

问题1选项

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词用法。nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，后接形容词、分词或副词，表示“不管怎样，无论如何”。本题中动词“perform”的逻辑主语是“theworksofBeethoven”，它们之间的关系是被动关系，即“贝多芬的作品被演奏”，因而要用过去分词。例如：Nomatterhowoftenrepeated，therumorisnottrue。（谣言无论被重复多少次也不是真的。）选项D用了被动语态，表示现在进行时的被动，故D选项不对。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。句意：尽管贝多芬的作品经常被演奏，它们还是吸引大批听众。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

7.单选题

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“list”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

问题2选项

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

问题3选项

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

问题5选项

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者意图题。由文章开头“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科学、技术和工业之间的相互关系在今天被认为是理所当然的——不能完全准确地概括为“研究和开发”……即使在当今这个大规模、密集的研究和开发的时代，这个过程中所涉及的相互关系也常常被误解。”以及本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科技-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知作者开头即点明人们对科学，技术，工业的相互关系的误解，最后一句也点明这三者之间正变得越来越疏远。作者的意图在于澄清人们对这三者之间的误解。故A项正确。

2.词义题。由题干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世纪后期，只有少数几个行业能够使用科学技术或关心使用它们。1870年后，这一名单显著扩大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科学技术的行业”。故C项正确。

3.细节试题题。由题干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.尽管如此，到19世纪中叶，科学知识和公众意识（如果不是理解的话）的迅速扩展使人们相信，科学的进步将以某种未指明的方式自动地产生经济效益。由此可知人们相信科学进步能够带来经济效益。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由题干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要从事基础研究的科学家也担任顾问，从事以实际方式应用研究的项目。”从事基础研究的科学家也兼顾应用研究，可知作者想表明科学家对应用研究的贡献。故C项正确。

5.判断推理题。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科学-技术-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知D项“科学和技术正变得越来越分离开”与该内容相符。故D项正确。A项与此内容不符。B项“基本科学研究不能产生实际应用”文中没提到；C项“工业应该在研究和发展上少花点钱”文中也没提到。

8.单选题

Youcannot

ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.

问题1选项

A.referto

B.defend

C.plead

D.persistin

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。referto“参考，涉及”；defend“辩护；防护”；plead“借口”；persistin“坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。

9.单选题

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

问题1选项

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词,所以选项B符合语境。

10.单选题

Therepublicationofthepoet’smostrecentworksWUlcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

问题1选项

A.magnify

B.strengthen

C.enlarge

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。magnify“放大，赞美”；strengthen“增强力量”；enlarge“扩大，使增大”；enhance“提高，增强（品质、吸引力）”。句意：这位诗人近期作品的再次出版会提升他在整个国家的声誉。指价值的提升。选项D符合题意。

11.翻译题

在不久的将来，3D打印技术将走进千家万户。有了3D打印机后，人人都可以通过数码设计制造出各种想象中的物体，或者借用不管来自世界哪个角落的某种设计。只需按一个钮，3D打印机就可以用一层层的塑料或其它材质，把你设计的物品在你眼前“打印”出来。10年前的科幻小说情节如今己经成为现实。事实上，能让我们的电脑打印纸质文档的点矩阵(dot-matrix)打印机，这是不久之前才发明出来的，而现在3D打印机又以同样的方式，使我们梦想的各种物体都能呈现在我们眼前。有了3D打印机的魔力，人人都是制造商，唯一能限制我们的，就是我们的想象力。

【答案】Itwon'tbelongbeforeeveryonewillhaveaccesstoa3Dprinter.Armedwitha3Dprinter,everyonecancreatetheirowndigitaldesignforanyimaginedobjectorborrowadesignfromanywherearoundtheworld.Bysimplypressingabuttonmakerscanseta3Dprinterintomotionrenderingthephysicalobjectwithlayersofplasticorothermaterialrightbeforetheireyes.Whatwassciencefictiontenyearsagoisrealitytoday.Itwasn'tlongagowelistenedtothewhirofadot-matrixprinterspittingoutdocumentsfromourcomputers,nowa3Dprinterrendersanyobjectwecandreamupthesameway.Withthemagicof3Dprintingcapabilityweareallmanufacturers,constrainedonlybyourimaginations.

12.单选题

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.

Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.

1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”

2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggest

because（

）

.

5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystem

because（

）

.

问题1选项

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

问题2选项

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.

问题3选项

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.

问题4选项

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.

问题5选项

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖论”。implication“含义”；contradiction“矛盾，否认”；interpretation“解释”；confusion“混淆”。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句话weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社会体系中，它不太可能被新的发现严重颠覆。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我们对于天文宇宙或者地球的地理历史的概念，当新的数据和理论进入时都很容易遭受革命性的变化，选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Aknowledgeofhistory（）ustodealwiththevastrangeofproblemsconfrontingthecontemporaryworld.

问题1选项

A.equips

B.provides

C.offers

D.satisfies

【答案】A

【解析】equipsb.使某人做好准备，使具备的能力；providesb.with提供某人某物；offersb.+sth.提供某人某物。satisfysb.withsth.使某人对某物感到满意。句意：历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

问题1选项

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项responsibility“责任，职责；义务”；B选项possibility“可能性；可能发生的事物”；C选项productivity“生产力；生产率；生产能力”；D选项necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一种经济资产，而更多地是一种责任，这一观点引起了公众更多的关注。本句关键词liability在句中表示“责任”，四个选项中A选项最合适，因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。prevent意为“防止，预防”；restrain意为“抑制，压抑”，指抑制某种感情；hinder意为“阻碍，妨碍”，指受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难；refrain意为“抑制，克制”，指抑制做某件事。

句意：他从未上过大学，但他的事业并没有因此而受到明显的妨碍。

16.翻译题

1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。

2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。

3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。

4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

17.单选题

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.withwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教学质量应该以学生潜能的开发程度来衡量。横线及其后面部分是修饰degree的定语从句，根据固定搭配tothedegree确定用介词to，D选项towhich符合题意。因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofthequestion

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。A选项“毫无疑问，没问题”；C选项“毫无疑问”；D选项“不可能，根本谈不上”；B选项不是一个短语；根据句意‘在两党之间有了这样的冲突后，和解是不可能的了’确定D选项正确。

19.单选题

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

问题1选项

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改为speakup。D处句意应为“大声说”,而speakout表示“公开说出”。

20.翻译题

发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育。"人才流失"问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品。

【答案】Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.

21.单选题

Ifitistruethatmoralitycannotexistwithoutreligion,thendoesnottheerosionofreligionheraldthe_______ofmorality?

问题1选项

A.regulation

B.basis

C.belief

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】regulation管理,规则;basis基础,底部;belief信仰,教义;collapse失败,衰竭。句意：如果没有宗教,道德就不可能存在,那么宗教的侵蚀不就预示着道德的崩溃吗?选项D符合句意。

22.单选题

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attributed归因于，归功于B.conducted实施，执行

C.devoted献身