考研考博-英语-安顺学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安顺学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.

【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要问为什么允许进行投机活动。这其中根本的原因是投机能对经济活动产生有益作用。当人们预期商品价格的上涨速度要超过市场平衡点时，就会买入商品或股票并鼓励更多的供应商入市。如果价格的变化滞后，甚至在切实的商品短缺发生后，价格还没有变化，价格波动可能会更剧烈和更突然。调节性的供应行为此时丝毫不能耽搁。同样，如果投机商预测到某些商品会供应过量，这时他们如果卖出期货将有助于在切实的商品供应过量发生前将价格下调到一定水平。当投机商预测到商品会短缺并通过竞标抬高价格时，他们也在帮助囤积当前的商品供应。随着价格的上涨，人们购买的商品量就会减少；价格的上涨鼓励人们节约。同样，降低价格将会鼓励使用者购买更多的商品，进而有助于将正在形成供应过量的商品销售出去。

2.单选题

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

问题1选项

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项transmit表示“传输”；B项elaborate表示“精心制作，详细描述”；C项convey表示“传达”；D项contribute表示“贡献”。根据句意可知，精细工艺的工人通过有创造性的作品来思想和感情。因此，本题选择C项最符合句意。

3.单选题

Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,（）,whichareencodedaszerosandones.

问题1选项

A.ofinformation

B.ofbitsofinformation

C.oflittleinformation

D.ofmuchinformation

【答案】B

【解析】考查单复数。information“信息，消息，资料；情报”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能在前面加“a”。如果“一则消息”可以说apieceofinformation，“许多信息”是manypiecesofinformation。bitofinformation是固定搭配，指“信息单位，信息比特”，例句：Asitiscapableofholdingasinglebitofinformationatanyinstant.（因为它是一座能够容纳一个单一的信息比特，在任何瞬间。）句意：在数字电子学中，信号被分解成数千、甚至数百万个信息比特，这些比特被编码为0和1。故本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.单选题

Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital（

）ofmilk.

问题1选项

A.storage

B.source

C.reserve

D.resource

【答案】B

【解析】句意:据说，在世界上某些地方，牛奶的重要来源是山羊，而不是奶牛。

名词辨析。Storage存储，仓库;source来源;reserve储备，储存;resource资源，财力。因此B符合句意。

5.单选题

Aheadlinethatisgraphicallysalientinsomewayhasagreaterchanceofcapturingoureye.

问题1选项

A.attractive

B.bright

C.special

D.entertaining

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。salient在句中是“突出的，显著的”，A选项attractive“具有吸引力的”；B选项bright“鲜明的，愉快的”；C选项special“特别的，突出的”；D选项entertaining“令人愉快的”。句意：一个标题，在一定程度上突出形象，便更加能吸引我们的眼球。根据句意C项正确。

6.单选题

Televisionisoneoftoday’smostpowerfulandwidespreadmeansofmasscommunication.Itdirectlyinfluencesourlivesonbothashortandlongtermbasis;itbringsworldwidesituationsintoourhomes;itaffordsextensiveopportunitiesforacquiringhighereducation;anditperformsthesetasksinaconvenientyeteffectivemanner.Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting.

Television,however,hasalsobeenavitallinkinunmanneddeepspaceexploration(suchastheVoyagerIandIImissions)inprovidingvisionsfromhazardousareas(suchasproximitytoradioactivematerialsorenvironments)inunderwaterresearch,inviewingstormsmovingacrossametropolitanarea(thecamerabeingplacedinaweatherprotectiveenclosurenearthetopofatower),etc.Theearth’sweathersatellitesalsousetelevisioncamerasforviewingcloudcoverandmovementsfrom20.000milesinspace.Infraredfiltersareusedfornightviews,andseveralsystemsincludeaspinningmirrorarrangementtopermitwideareaviewsfromthecamera.Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield.

ConventionaltelevisionbroadcastingwithintheUnitedStatescentersaroundfreeenterpriseandpublicownership.Thisrequiresfundingbycommercialsponsors,andthusfunctionsinarevenueproducingbusinessmanner.TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement.Whilesucharrangementseliminatetheneedforcommercialsponsorship,italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize).

AhighlymodifiedformoftelevisioncalledSlowScanTVispresentlybeingusedbymanyAmateurRadiooperatorstoprovidedirectvisualcommunicationswithalmostanyareaoftheworld.ThisuniquevisualmoderecentlyallowedpeopleonthetinySouthPacificcountryofPitcairnIslandtoview,forthefirsttimeintheirlives,distantareas,andpeopleoftheworld.ThechiefradioAmateurandcommunicationsofficerofPitcairn,incidentally,isthelegendaryTomChristiangreat,greatgrandsonofTomChristianof“MutinyontheBounty”fame.RadioAmateursinmanylandsworkedtogetherforseveralmonthsestablishingvisualcapabilitiesforPitcairners.Theresultshaveprovenspectacular,yetthevisualcapabilitieshaveonlybeenusedforhealtheducationorwelfarepurposes.CommercialTVisstillunknowntonativesofthattinycountry.Numerousotherformsoftelevisionandvisualcommunicationhavealsobeenusedonsemirestrictedbasis.Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis.Theoldclichéofapicturebeingworthathousandwordstrulyhasmerit.

1.Accordingtothepassage,applicationsoftelevisionareeasilyacceptedin（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueintheeyesofthewriter?

3.AccordingtothepassagetelevisioninUSSR

（

）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthortriestotelluspurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtelevisionprogramsis（

）.

问题1选项

A.metropolitanarea

B.deepspaceexploration

C.programsaboutentertainmentandnews

D.remoteareas

问题2选项

A.Applicationsoftelevisionarebeneficialtobigcities.

B.Applicationsoftelevisionarebelievedtobegoodactivities

C.Applicationsoftelevisionarerestrictedtotelevisionsystems.

D.Applicationsoftelevisionbenefittothemassentertainmentfield.

问题3选项

A.islimitedtoarevenueproducingbusinessmanner

B.requiresfundingbycommercialsponsors

C.putsawaytheneedofcommercialaid

D.isbadlyinneedofcommercialhelp

问题4选项

A.areasgoodasthoseintheU.S.

B.havebeenseenonmanygovernmentcontrollednetworks

C.areasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize

D.arenotasgloomyastheuninformedmight

问题5选项

A.positive

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.dangerous

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（Weareallawareofthepopularlyacceptedapplicationsoftelevision,particularlythoserelativetoentertainmentandnewsbroadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizingtheunlimitedapplicationsfortoday'stelevision,onemaythuslogicallyponderthetruebenefitsofconfiningmostofourvideoactivitiestothemassentertainmentfield），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视……”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（TelevisioninUSSRsubjectedareas,conversely,isagovernmentownedandmaintainedarrangement），因此选项C“不需要商业支持”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节目……”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的《入迷》的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”italsohasthepossibilityoflimitingthetypeofprogramsavailabletoviewers(anumberofpurelyentertainmentprogramssimilartotheclassic“Bewitched”,however,havebeenseenonthesegovernmentcontrollednetworks.Allisn’tasgrayanddismalastheuninformedmightunnecessarilyvisualize)，因此选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是……”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（Thisindicatesthemanyuntappedareasofvideoandtelevisionwhichmaysoonbeexploitedonamorewidespreadbasis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。

7.单选题

Agoodteachermustknowhowto_____hisideas.

问题1选项

A.convey

B.display

C.consult

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】convey传达，表达；display显示，陈列；consult查阅，商量；confront面对，遭遇。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何表达他的想法。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Thepower（

）intheofficeofPresidentmustnotbeabused.

问题1选项

A.inherit

B.inherent

C.instinctive

D.inhibitory

【答案】B

【解析】inherit继承，遗传而得；inherent固有的，内在的，与生俱来的；instinctive本能的，直觉的，天生的；inhibitory禁止的，抑制的。句意：总统办事处的固有职权不能滥用。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

M:Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?

W:Notbad.Say,ifyouaredonefortheday,maybewecouldcelebrateyourbirthdayatStarbucks,I’llbuy!

Q:What’sthewomandoing?

问题1选项

A.Sheismakinganinvitation.

B.Sheismakingasuggestion.

C.Sheisaskingforadvice.

D.Sheisofferingheropinion

【答案】A

【解析】根据女士说的话“如果你今天的工作完成了，也许我们可以到星巴克为你庆祝生日，我请客！”可知A选项‘她正在发出邀请。’正确。

10.单选题

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock，wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof（

）.

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

（

）.

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

（

）.

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften（

）.

问题1选项

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

问题2选项

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

问题3选项

A.poetrywasseenasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression

B.rhymewasthemosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformation

C.therewasnowritingsystem

D.thepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals

问题4选项

A.democraticsociety

B.theMycenaeanRepublic

C.thePhoenicians

D.literacy

问题5选项

A.asksstudentstothinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit

B.comprisesofmemorizationandrotelearning

C.hasaveryspecificandlimitedtarget

D.encouragesthinkingandanalysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文章第二段第二句说到“Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.”由此可知人们普遍认为这本书是对理想政治实体的论述，但分析表明只有三分之一的内容与治国之道有关。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。本题关键在于柏拉图的“anger”，也就是柏拉图所关注并批判的东西，由此定位到文章第五段，第二、三句说到“Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.”可知一些剧作家的作品对神与英雄的描述都是不道德的，为年轻人树立了坏的榜样。结果就是，希腊的青少年们对事物惯于采取愤世嫉俗的态度。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。由题干中关键词recitation找到文中与之相关联的词memorizing（第三段），第四句提到“Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.”可知韵文能帮助记忆大量信息。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由关键词oralstateofmind定位到第六段，第二句说到“IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.”诗人的思想状态是科学理性主义和分析的主要障碍，这就是柏拉图敌视诗人或口语心态的原因。因此D选项literacy“读写能力”是正确答案。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第六段提到“Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not‘anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall’”，柏拉图认为史诗已不是一种创造行为，而是一种提醒和回忆，这一点正好符合题干中所说，对当前中国教育制度的批判，教育过程仅仅是“由记忆和死记硬背组成”。因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilize.

问题1选项

A.exploited

B.quantifiable

C.controversial

D.inexhaustible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:exploited“开采；利用”；B:quantifiable“可以计量的”；C:controversial“有争议的”；D:inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”。句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。

12.单选题

Therearetwowaystocreatecolorsinaphotograph.Onemethod,calledadditive,startswiththreebasiccolorsandaddsthemtogethertoproducesomeothercolor.Thesecondmethod,calledsubtractive,startswithwhitelight(amixtureofallcolorsinthespectrum)and,bytakingawaysomeorallothercolors,leavestheonedesired.

Intheadditivemethod,separatecoloredlightscombinetoproducevariousothercolors.Thethreeadditiveprimarycolorsaregreen,redandblue(eachprovidingaboutonethirdofthewavelengthsinthetotalspectrum).Mixedinvaryingproportions,theycanproduceallcolors.Greenandredlightmixtoproduceyellow;redandbluelightmixtoproducemagenta;greenandbluemixtoproducecyan.Whenequalpartsofallthreeoftheseprimarycoloredbeamsoflightoverlap,themixtureappearswhitetotheeye.

Inthesubtractiveprocesscolorsareproducedwhendye(asinpaintorcolorphotographicmaterials)absorbssomewavelengthsandsopassesononlypartofthespectrum.Thesubtractiveprimariesarecyan(abluishgreen),magenta(apurplishpink)andyellow;theseadditiveprimariesordyesthatabsorbred,greenandbluewavelengthsrespectively,thussubtractingthemfromwhitelight.Thesedyecolorsarethecomplementarycolorstothethreeadditiveprimariesofred,green,andblue.Properlycombined,thesubtractiveprimariescanabsorballcolorsoflight,producingblack.But,mixedinvaryingproportions,theytoocanproduceanycolorinthespectrum.

Whetheraparticularcolorisobtainedbyaddingcoloredlightstogetherorbysubtractingsomelightfromthetotalspectrum.Theresultlooksthesametotheeye.Theadditiveprocesswasemployedforearlycolorphotography.Butthesubtractivemethod,whilerequiringcomplexchemicaltechniques,hasturnedouttobemorepracticalandisthebasisofallmoderncolorfilms.

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“passeson”asusedinparagraph3?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapairofadditiveandsubtractiveprimarycolors?

3.Whatexplanationisgivenfortheuseofthesubtractivemethodinmoderncolorfilms?

4.Howisthepassageorganized?

问题1选项

A.Judges.

B.Letsthrough.

C.Dies.

D.Goesover.

问题2选项

A.Yellowandblue.

B.Magentaandgreen.

C.Blackandwhite.

D.Cyanandred.

问题3选项

A.Subtractivecolorsaremorerealistic.

B.Thesubtractiveprocessismoreefficient.

C.Additivechemicaltechniquesaretoocomplex.

D.Theadditiveprocessisstillbeingdeveloped.

问题4选项

A.Thereasonsforachoiceareexplainedindepth.

B.Ageneralstatementisjustifiedbyaseriesofhistoricalexamples.

C.Twobasiccausesarecompared.

D.Relatedprocessesaredescribedoneaftertheother.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“passeson”asusedinparagraph3?1.下面哪一个词的意思最接近第3段中使用的短语“passon”？

A.Judges.A.判断。

B.Letsthrough.B.允许通行。

C.Dies.C.死亡。

D.Goesover.D.仔细检查。

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“在减色法中，当染料吸收某些波长，只让部分光从光谱上passon（passesononlypartofthespectrum），所以产生了色彩”，从passon后面跟的spectrum（光谱），结合pass本身表示“通过”的意思，可推测，passon表示“穿过，通过”。B项“允许通行”符合题意。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“判断”、C项“死亡”、D项“仔细检查”，根据解题思路可知，与原文不符，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapairofadditiveandsubtractiveprimarycolors?2.下列哪一个不是加色和减色的一对原色？

A.Yellowandblue.A.黄色和蓝色。

B.Magentaandgreen.B.品红色和绿色。

C.Blackandwhite.C.黑色和白色。

D.Cyanandred.D.青色和红色。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“加色的三种原色（additiveprimarycolors）是绿色、红色和蓝色”和第三段第二句“减色法三原色（subtractiveprimaries）是青色（一种蓝绿色）、品红（一种紫红色）和黄色”，从中可知，加色法的三原色为红绿蓝，减色法的三原色为青色、品红和黄色。没有黑色和白色，所以选项C错误，但符合题意。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“黄色和蓝色”、B项“品红色和绿色”和D项“青色和红色”由解题思路可知，这三项都是加色法或减色法的原色，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whatexplanationisgivenfortheuseofthesubtractivemethodinmoderncolorfilms?3.如何解释减色法在现代彩色电影中的应用？

A.Subtractivecolorsaremorerealistic.A.减色法更真实。

B.Thesubtractiveprocessismoreefficient.B.减色法效率更高。

C.Additivechemicaltechniquesaretoocomplex.C.加色化学工艺太复杂。

D.Theadditiveprocessisstillbeingdeveloped.D.加色法仍在开发中。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词moderncolorfilms定位至最后一段的最后一句“但减色法（thesubtractivemethod）虽然需要复杂的化学技术，却更实用，是所有现代彩色电影的基础（hasturnedouttobemorepracticalandisthebasisofallmoderncolorfilms）”，从中可知，减色法更加实用，是现代彩色电影的基础。由此推断，该题选择B项“减色法更有效率”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“减色法更现实”和D项“加色法仍然在开发”文中没有提到，无中生有；

C项“加色化学工艺太复杂”，根据解题思路可知，文中只提到减色法的化学技术很复杂，并没有提到关于加色法方面的，该项曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Howisthepassageorganized?4.这篇文章的结构是如何组织的？

A.Thereasonsforachoiceareexplainedindepth.A.对选择的原因进行了深入的解释。

B.Ageneralstatementisjustifiedbyaseriesofhistoricalexamples.B.一系列的历史例子证明了这一般性的陈述是正确的。

C.Twobasiccausesarecompared.C.比较了两种效果。

D.Relatedprocessesaredescribedoneaftertheother.D.对相关过程的逐一描述。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】分析文章结构可知，第一段首先提出创造颜色的两种办法，即加色法和减色法，中间两段则分别对这两种方法做具体阐述，最后一段总结，比较这两种创造颜色的方法中哪一种更实用。综上所述，我们可以知道文章形成了一个很明显的对比效果，所以C项“比较了两种效果”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“对选择的原因进行深入的解释”和B项“通过一系列的历史例子证明一个一般性的陈述”不符合文章结构，曲解原文；

D项“对相关过程的逐一描述”只在原文中间两段有体现，以偏概全。

13.单选题

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof（）groupingisadvisable.

问题1选项

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项homogeneous“同性质的”；B选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；C选项spontaneous“无意识的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生分到同一个班级，因为他们认为这种同质的分组是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的学生分到一个班是一种同质性的分组。因此A选项正确。

14.翻译题

在某种物理障碍物的后面，人们会感到安全。如果一种社会场景在某种方式上具有威胁性，那么就有必要设立这样的一种障碍。当一个小孩面对陌生人时，它会躲在母亲的身后，然后偷偷地观察闯入者下一少做什么。如果母亲不在身边，椅子或者其他的家具之类的东西也可以，那么小孩面对陌生人的问题就会得到解决。如果陌生人坚持地向它靠近，那张窥探的面孔也会一起藏起來。如果这位不敏感的闯入者继续靠近的话，虽然孩子已经明显表现出恐惧，那么小孩可能别无选择地哭泣或逃跑。

这种模式随着孩子的成熟，会逐渐地减少。但是在少女中，仍然可以发现他们咯咯笑的时候会用手或纸捂着面孔。在我们成年之后，童年时期的躲藏以及青少年时期的害羞在我们勇敢地见我们的客人、同伴、亲戚、同事以及客户的时候，就会全部地消失。

【答案】【参考译文】

Behindsomekindofphysicalbarrier,peoplefeelsafe.Ifasocialscenarioisthreateninginsomeway,itisnecessarytoerectsuchabarrier.Whenachildfacesastranger,ithidesbehinditsmotherandsecretlywatcheswhattheintruderdoesnext.Ifthemotherisn'taround,achairorotherpieceoffurniturewilldo,andthechild'sproblemwithstrangerswillbesolved.Ifthestrangerpersistedinapproachingit,thepeepingfacewouldhidewithhim.Iftheinsensitiveintrudercontinuestoapproach,thechildmayhavenochoicebuttocryorrunaway,eventhoughfearisalreadyevident.

Thispatterndiminishesasthechildgrowsup.Butamongteenagegirls,theycanstillbefoundgigglingwiththeirhandsorpaperovertheirfaces.Afterwereachadulthood,thehidingofchildhoodandtheshynessofadolescencealldisappearwhenwebravelymeetourguests,companions,relatives,colleaguesandclients.

15.单选题

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanu