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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宿迁职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Inanycommercialtransactionaconsumermusthaveconfidencethatthebusinesswhoseproducttheyareabouttopurchaseisreliableandthattheproductbeingofferedisworththepricethatispaid.Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.Thebestcompaniesalwaysunderstandthisexpectationandcontinuallystrivetoexceedit.Othercompanies-includingmanyneweronlinemerchantsmayhavegoodintentions,butlacktheskillsorexperiencetoturntheconsumer’sexpectationintoareality.Afewcompanieswillintentionallyseektoexploitthisconsumer'sexpectation.
Howtoseparatethesecompaniesinavirtualworldisnotalwayseasy,andhasbeenthesubjectofintensivediscussionbyconsumergroups,businessesandgovernments.Moreover,policingthecompaniesinthevirtualmarketplaceisperceivedtoadauntingchallenge.Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas.
CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness:Individualcorporations,businessassociationsand/orgovernmentsaroundtheworldhaveworkedtodevelopCodesofConduct,Guidelines.Principles,orBestPractice,etc.foron-linebusinesses.TheydescribetheactionsthataCompanyshouldtaketoprotectaconsumer’srights.Theymaybeincludedonthecompany’swebsiteandaconsumercanreviewthembeforemakingapurchase.
Trademark:Toincreaseconsumer'sconfidencethatacompanywillactinaccordancewithacodeofconductorbestpractices,athirdparty"Tmstmark"isoftenused.Theconceptisthatbydisplaying"Trustmark'.Thecompanyrepresentsthatitissubjecttoexternaloversight.Thecompanywouldnotbeallowedtodisplaythethirdpartymarkifthecompany’sactionwereinconsistentwithwhatiscontainedinthe"CodeofConduct"orsimilardocument.Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.
DisputeResolution:Consumer'sconfidencereliesonthebeliefthatanydisputewillbesettledquicklyandfairlyeitherbythecompanydirectlyorthroughsomeothermeans.Inthebricksandmortarworldaconsumerusuallyhastheabilitytoinspectproductbeforepurchasingitandifitisdefective-returnitforarefund,repairorreplacement.Mostofcompaniesseethisformofdisputeresolutionastheirownbestinterestandanextensionoftheircustomerrelationprograms.Whilethesameholdstrueintheworldofon-linetransactions,thecriticaldifferenceisthataconsumercan'tinspecttheproductbeforepurchasing,andinsteadhastorelyonthemerchant'sphotosordescriptionsoftheproduct.Inboththetraditionalandon-lineworld,whendisputecannotberesolveddirectlybetweentheconsumerandthecompany,themerchantandtheconsumermustresorttoothermeans.Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.
1.Thetopicofthearticleis(
).
2.Whenthereexistdifferencesinculture,legalframeworkandgeographybetweenconsumersandbusinesses,whatappear(s)moreimportant?
3.Whatarethethreefocusesdiscussedandconsideredimportantinmarketplace?
4.InwhichcaseisTrustmarkmostinfluential?
5.Whatareotherwaystoresolvedisputesbesidesrefund,repairandreplacement?
问题1选项
A.meetingconsumer'sexpectationinthemarketplace
B.resolvingdispute
C.displayingTrustmark’s
D.settingcodesofconduct
问题2选项
A.Thebusiness'sreliability.
B.Thecompanies'understandingofconsumer'sexpectation.
C.Theproductsbeingworththepricebeingpaid
D.Gainingandmaintainingthatconfidence.
问题3选项
A.Confidence,goodintentionsandbestpractices.
B.Trustmark,rightusageandnewconcepts.
C.Codesofconduct,Trustmarkanddisputeresolution.
D.Cooperation,goodintensionsanddisputeresolution.
问题4选项
A.Whencompaniesarewellrecognizedandwellbelievedin.
B.Whencompanieshaveapowerfultrademark.
C.Whenacompany'sactionsareinconsistentwithitsCodesofConduct.
D.Whenmutualcredibilityexists.
问题5选项
A.Toresolvethedisputesbetweentheconsumerandthecompany.
B.Appealingtoconsumerprotectionagencies;resourcingtothecourts;orusingofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.
C.Toresorttoothermeans.
D.Togotothemarketplace.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了consumer'sexpectation(消费者的需求),B、C、D选项是围绕如何满足市场消费者的需求展开论述的点,因此选A。
2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.(当消费者和企业不共享地理、文化和/或法律框架的共同点时,获得和维持信心的重要性尤其正确)可知选D。
3.细节事实题。根据题干信息“thethreefocuses”可定位至文章第二段中的最后一句话Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas(这些讨论一般集中在三个关键的想法上),由之后每一段的句首CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness(网上业务行为守则);Trademark(商标);DisputeResolution(纠纷解决)可知选C。
4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.(当Trustmark在客户中具有很强的品牌知名度和可信度时,它是最有用的)可知A选项“当公司得到广泛的认可和信任的时候”符合题意。
5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.(这些措施通常包括向消费者保护机构提出上诉、诉诸法院或使用其他争端解决系统)可知选B。
2.单选题
GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.
Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鸣)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.
Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.
Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.
Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.
1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat().
2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat().
3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb().
4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor().
问题1选项
A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandards
B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvalues
C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsocially
D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially
问题2选项
A.empatheticpeoplearemorelikelytoreadnovelsoften
B.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworld
C.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistent
D.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter
问题3选项
A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinking
B.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestory
C.givesreadersmanylinkstoothermaterials
D.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading
问题4选项
A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroom
B.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooks
C.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreforms
D.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreen
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章首段,“recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy"orothergreatbooks.”最近在《纽约时报》上提出,我们不应该声称文学提高了我们作为人的水平,因为没有“令人信服的证据表明,阅读托尔斯泰或其他伟大著作的人在道德上或社会上更优秀”。A选项“文学不能体现出人们的道德和社会水平”,B选项“只有好的文学可以体现人们的道德和社会水平”,C选项“阅读小说不会提高人们的道德或社会地位”,D选项“只有读伟大的书籍,才能使人在道德和社会上受益”。因此,C选项符合题意。
2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段的第二句话“individualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鸣)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.”人经常读小说似乎能更好地理解他人,与他们起共鸣,从他们的角度看待这个世界。A选项“具有同理心的人更有可能经常阅读小说”,B选项“有同理心的人对世界有更好的看法”,C选项“读小说能使人更有毅力”,D选项“读小说可以帮助人们更好地理解别人”。因此,D选项符合题意。
3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段,“Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.”一本书没有超链接,读者可以完全沉浸在叙述中,而不必决定是否点击链接。A选项“要求读者做更细致的思考”,B选项“使读者在故事中保持专注”,C选项“给读者提供许多其他材料的链接”,D选项“允许读者选择未来的读物”。因此,B选项符合题意。
4.观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段,“Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.”如果我们允许我们的孩子相信在屏幕上阅读就是一切,我们就剥夺了他们一种愉快而有启发性的体验,而这种体验可以扩大他们的知识面。A选项“支持在课堂上使用数字设备”,B选项“比起纸质书,作者更喜欢看屏幕”,C选项“对教育改革采取积极的态度”,D选项“对屏幕阅读持消极态度的人”。因此,D选项符合题意。
3.单选题
Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe(
)willcontinueintothenextdecade.
问题1选项
A.emergency
B.trend
C.pace
D.schedule
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况,突发事件;trend趋势,走向;pace步伐,速度;schedule时间表,日程安排。
句意:全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加,我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。
4.单选题
Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto()atleisure.
问题1选项
A.resentment
B.reluctance
C.repentance
D.fantasy
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resentment“愤恨,怨恨”;B选项reluctance“勉强”;C选项repentance“悔改,后悔”;D选项fantasy“幻想”。句意:草率结婚通常容易导致将来后悔。根据句意,此处选择C选项repentance“悔改,后悔”。因此C选项符合题意。
5.单选题
Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof(
)tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.
问题1选项
A.exposure
B.exploit
C.explosion
D.exponent
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure“暴露”;exploit“功绩”;explosion“爆炸”;exponent“倡导者,鼓吹者”。句意:人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应,因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。
6.单选题
A()statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.
问题1选项
A.plausible
B.reasonable
C.credible
D.laudable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的,花言巧语的”;B选项reasonable“合理的,公道的”;C选项credible“可靠的,可信的”;D选项laudable“可赞誉的,值得称赞的”。句意:一个看似可信的陈述很可能是表面上看起来令人信服的,但在仔细检查后,却并非如此。由选项意思和句意可知,A选项符合句意。
7.单选题
Hearguedthatthe()offirearmsinAmericaisanillegalact,anddegradesthevaluesthiscountrywasfoundedon.
问题1选项
A.banning
B.prohibit
C.vote
D.forbid
【答案】A
【解析】近义词词义辨析。根据句意可知,这里应填入禁止的名词形式。只有选项A符合句意。
8.单选题
Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.
问题1选项
A.restrained
B.supported
C.favored
D.damaged
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。题干hampered“妨碍,阻止”。A项“阻止;约束”,B项“支持”,C项“喜爱,偏爱”,D项“损害;伤害”。因此选A。句意:考虑到国家公路状况糟糕,骑马教练既不是竞争者,也不是舒适的替代者,尽管自行车在城镇和乡村都广受欢迎,但它们也受到不良路面的阻碍。
9.翻译题
许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心,不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候,总会感到紧张,他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情,甚至出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序,因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。
【答案】答:
Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.
10.单选题
Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen(
).
问题1选项
A.canceled
B.abolished
C.refused
D.rejected
【答案】B
【解析】动词辨析题。A选项cancel“取消”;B选项abolish“废除,废止”;C选项refuse“拒绝”;D选项reject“拒绝,排斥”。句意:人类开发月球的系统已经被废除。选项B符合句意。
11.单选题
TheBritishconstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.
问题1选项
A.by
B.at
C.which
D.to
【答案】D
【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意:英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项toalargeextent“在很大程度上”,A选项byalargeextent和B选项atalargeextent非固定搭配,C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。
12.单选题
Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.
问题1选项
A.atransferring
B.atouching
C.acontaminating
D.acontagious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项atransferring“转移”;B选项atouching“感人的”;C选项acontaminating“污染”;D选项acontagious“传染的”。句意:我的小妹妹不被允许和隔壁的孩子们一起玩,因为他们中的一个患了传染病。划线部分aninfectious是传染的意思。因此D选项正确。
13.单选题
Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent()oftheworld.
问题1选项
A.impressions
B.complications
C.foundations
D.conceptions
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象,观感”;B选项complications“并发症”;C选项foundations“基础,房建”;D选项conceptions“怀孕,概念,设想”。句意:来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的()。这句话表达的意思是“不同的人对世界有不同的看法”,因此A选项符合题意。
14.单选题
Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.
Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.
Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.
Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.
RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”
However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.
Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.
1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?
2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?
3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?
4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?
5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?
问题1选项
A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.
B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.
C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.
D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.
问题2选项
A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.
B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists
C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.
D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.
问题3选项
A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.
B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.
C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology
D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated
问题4选项
A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.
B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined
C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.
D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.
问题5选项
A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced
B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards
C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.
D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句,“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”,可知全球人道主义论坛的一份报告显示,全球变暖每年导致30多万人死亡,造成大约1250亿美元的经济损失。可判断出全球人道主义论坛发现全球变暖导致疾病死亡率上升。因此选项A符合题意。
2.细节事实题。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主义论坛报告的具体内容,第三段提到了相关态度和评价。根据文章第三段,“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”,可知这份报告招致了一些气候和风险专家的批评,他们对报告的方法和结论提出了质疑。可判断出这份报告受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑。因此选项D符合题意。
3.细节事实题。根据文章第五段,“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘amethodologicalembarrassment…’”,可知皮尔克=表示,该论坛的报告存在“方法论的尴尬”。可判断出Dr.Pielke在方法论上是无效的。因此选项C符合题意。
4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段,“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”,可知SorenAdreasen认为这份报告的数据只是粗略估计,是针对世界各国领导人,他们将在于12月在哥本哈根举行会议,就一项新的国际气候条约进行谈判。可判断出Adreasen认为报告的粗略估计是为了引起世界领导人的注意。因此选项D符合题意。
5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段,“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”,可知Annan强调,谈判需要把重点放在增加从富有地区流向贫困地区的资金问题上,以帮助他们降低面对气候灾害的脆弱性,同时减少温室气体的排放。可判断出KofiAnnan认为哥本哈根会议的重点应该放在富国如何才能更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害的问题上。因此选项B符合题意。
15.单选题
Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.
问题1选项
A.inadequate
B.incapable
C.incompatible
D.invalid
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的,不充分的”;B选项incapable“无能力的,不能的”;C选项incompatible“不相容的”;D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意:一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。
16.单选题
Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmsfinally().
问题1选项
A.dispersed
B.deteriorated
C.dissipated
D.drained
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的;deteriorated恶化,变质;dissipated消散,浪费;drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste,drain相当于usetoomuch,所以选项D更恰当。
17.单选题
Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.
问题1选项
A.imitating
B.condoning
C.instructing
D.acknowledging
【答案】A
【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning宽恕,赦免;instructing指导,教;acknowledging承认,答谢。句意:一些人类学家声称,一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语,但持怀疑态度的人认为,猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。
18.单选题
Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.
Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga(1)
situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa(2)
calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand(3)
offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared(4)
25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,(5)
theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.
Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons(6)
teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof(7)
kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The(8)
ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery(9)
ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.
Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological(10)
ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.
问题1选项
A.light-hearted
B.serious
C.comfortable
D.stressful
问题2选项
A.significant
B.rigorous
C.severe
D.selective
问题3选项
A.previously
B.afterwards
C.besides
D.lately
问题4选项
A.on
B.in
C.by
D.at
问题5选项
A.while
B.however
C.meanwhile
D.nevertheless
问题6选项
A.giveup
B.oweto
C.lookon
D.turnto
问题7选项
A.whichever
B.whatever
C.however
D.whoever
问题8选项
A.ceremony
B.function
C.ritual
D.observance
问题9选项
A.beginning
B.moment
C.end
D.core
问题10选项
A.aspects
B.faces
C.sites
D.ways
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:D
第7题:B
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。A选项light-hearted“轻松的”;B选项serious“严肃的”;C选项comfortable“惬意的”;D选项stressful“紧张的,有压力的”。句意:伦敦城市大学的心理学家马尔科姆•克罗斯博士测试了一组人在________情况下的焦虑水平,发现即使是一杯茶也有镇静作用。根据语境,需要镇静的情况只有当人处于紧张的状态,所以stressful“紧张的,有压力的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。
2.考查形容词辨析。A选项significant“有效的”;B选项rigorous“严密的”;C选项severe“严峻的;剧烈的”;D选项selective“有选择性的”。句意:发现即使是一杯茶也有________的镇静作用。根据语境,significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比较合理,符合题意。因此A选项正确。
3.考查词义辨析。A选项previously“预先”;B选项afterwards“然后”;C选项besides“以及”;D选项lately“近来”。句意:他的团队给42名志愿者进行了心算测试,________给其中一半人一杯茶,另一半人一杯水。根据语境和横线前面的and得知是先做测试再给水或茶,所以afterwards“然后”符合题意。因此B选项正确。
4.考查固定搭配。A选项soaron非固定搭配;B选项soarin非固定搭配;C选项soarby“激增了……”;D选项“激增到……”。句意:与任务前相比,喝水对比组的焦虑水平飙升________25%。根据下文theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety(喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%),可知这里在对喝水对比组和喝茶对比组的结果进行说明,可推测结果在内容方面一致,所以soarby“激增了……”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
5.考查语法。句意:________喝茶对比组的焦虑感实际上减少了4%。4个选项意思都为然而。A选项while引导从句;B选项however,C选项meanwhile和D选项nevertheless后面紧跟逗号,横线后面为完整的从句,所以A选项while符合题意。因此A选项正确。
6.考查词组辨析。A选项giveup“放弃”;B选项oweto“由于”;C选项lookon“看待”;D选项turnto“求助于”。句意:这项调查显示,68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会________喝茶,这使得喝茶成为英国人面对麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境,这里指人们选择通过喝茶帮助自己脱离那个焦虑的困境,所以turnto“求助于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。
7.考查代词辨析。A选项whichever“无论哪个”;B选项whatever“无论什么”;C选项however“无论如何”;D选项whoever“无论是谁”。句意:这项调查显示,68%的英国人在遇到两难困境时会求助于喝茶,这使得喝茶成为英国人面对________种类的麻烦时最普遍的应对方式。根据语境,这里指无论遇到什么麻烦,人们选择喝茶,所以whatever“无论什么”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。
8.考查形容词辨析。A选项ceremony“(公共或宗教的)典礼;(正式或传统的)礼节”;B选项function“盛大的集会”;C选项ritual“习惯;(尤指)宗教仪式”;D选项observance“宗教(或传统节日)的仪式”。句意:泡茶和喝茶的________——尤其是在压力大的时候。根据语境,在压力大的时候喝茶是一种习惯,所以ritual“习惯”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
9.考查形容词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”;B选项moment“时刻”;C选项end“结束”;D选项core“核心”。句意:泡茶和喝茶的习惯——尤其是在压力大的时候——是英国文化的________。根据语境,这里指喝茶是英国文化中不容忽视的一部分,所以core“核心”符合题意。因此D选项正确。
10.考查形容词辨析。A选项aspects“方面”;B选项faces“表面;面部”;C选项sites“地点”;D选项ways“方法”。句意:这项研究表明,茶在社会心理________增强了其化学成分对我们身体和大脑的影响。根据语境,这里是指从社会心理的角度来说,茶对我们的影响更大了,所以aspects“方面”符合题意。因此A选项正确。
19.单选题
______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.
问题1选项
A./,/,the
B./,the,/
C.The,/,/
D.The,the,the
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词的用法。Problems前面有human作定语,可不用定冠词。固定短语inlife中不需要加入定冠词。因此A选项符合题意。
20.单选题
Wemustallowplentyoftimetogettotheairport——wecan’t()ontheroadbeingclear.
问题1选项
A.draw
B.capitalize
C.gamble
D.decide
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。draw“画,拉”;capitalize“估计…的价值”;gamble“打赌,冒险”,gambleon对…打赌;decide“决定”。句意:我们必须保证足够的时间到达机场——我们不能打赌路上畅通无阻。C项正确。
21.单选题
Shecutherhairshortandtriedto____herselfasaman.
问题1选项
A.decorate
B.disguise
C.fabricate
D.fake
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A.decorate装饰;装潢B.disguise假扮;装扮;伪装
C.fabricate编造;捏造D.fake伪造;冒充
【答案】B
【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】句意:她把头发剪短,试图……成男人。根据句意,她把头发剪短目的是伪装成男人的样子。因此选B。
【干扰项排除】
A选项decorate“装饰;装潢”,不符合语境;
C选项fabricate“编造;捏造”,指捏造虚假信息以欺骗他人,题目中指的是改变造型而不是捏造虚假信息;
D选项fake“伪造;冒充”,指使假的看起来是真的,尤指为了欺骗某人,题目说的是女人把头发剪短假扮男人,并不是使假的看起来是真的,且这里不存在欺骗的意思,因此该选项不符合语境。
【句意】她把头发剪短,试图化装成男人。
22.单选题
Thecommunityhealthnurseoftennotesthedevastatingeffectsonfamilymembersasthepatient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.
问题1选项
A.developsgradually
B.deterioratessuddenly
C.recoversultimately
D.recursfrequently
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A.developsgradually逐渐发展B.deterioratesuddenly突然恶化
C.recoversultimately最终恢复D.recursfrequently频繁发作
【答案】A
【考查点】词组辨析。
【解题思路】根据句意:社区卫生护士经常注意到,家庭成员会受到毁灭性的影响,当病人的慢性疾病……应该是慢性疾病的慢慢发展会给家庭带来毁灭性影响。划线词组takesitscourse“顺其自然”,也就是病程。因此选Adevelopsgradually“逐渐发展”与划线词词义相似。
【干扰项排除】
B选项deterioratesuddenly突然恶化,不符合划线词词义;
C选项recoversultimately最终恢复,不符合划线词词义;
D选项recursfrequently频繁发作,不符合划线词词义。
【句意】社区保健护士经常注意到病人的慢性疾病的病程对家庭成员的破坏性影响。
23.单选题
ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis,theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”
Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“lessensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewill
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