考研考博-英语-宁波卫生职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波卫生职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以……为前提”。根据Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。

2.单选题

Simulationswithlargenumbersofinteractingagentsshowthattheybehaveinwaysthatareoftenunpredictable;thepropertiesofsuchsystemsaresaidto“emerge”fromthebehavioroftheconnectedcompaniesandindividuals.

问题1选项

A.stimuli

B.duplications

C.systems

D.assumptions

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stimuli刺激物B.duplications复制；复印

C.systems系统D.assumptions假定；假设

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】simulation的意思是“模拟”，即模仿另外一个事物，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】有大量交互主体的模拟表明，它们的行为方式通常是不可预测的；这些系统的特性被认为是由相互关联的公司和个人的行为“产生”的。

3.单选题

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

问题1选项

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lackof“没有，缺乏；不足，不够”，名词短语；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，动词短语。A选项be动词+名词短语作谓语，正确；B选项be动词+动词短语，错误；C选项lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D选项lackof名词短语不能当谓语。因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agency“（尤指）代理机构，经销机构；（政府的）专门机构”；B选项policy“政策”；C选项deputy“副手；代理人”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差时，由我______。根据语境，这里指经理不在的时候，我来完成他的工作，C选项deputy“副手；代理人”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Butthechanges,evenatthisearlystageofthe2012campaign,haveprovenmoredramaticand（）thanallbutthemost（）analysthadimagined.

问题1选项

A.exciting...pessimistic

B.unsettling...fretful

C.upsetting...optimistic

D.discomposing...lighthearted

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Exciting“兴奋的，激动的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；unsettling“使人不安的”；fretful“焦躁的”；upsetting“令人苦恼的”；optimistic“乐观的”；discomposing“使不安”；lighthearted“无忧无虑的”。句意：但事实证明，即便是在2012年竞选早期，这些变化也比最焦躁不安的分析学家想象的更为剧烈和令人不安。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase（

）totraffic.

问题1选项

A.inadequate

B.incompatible

C.inaccessible

D.insignificant

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inadequate“不充分的”；incompatible“不相容的”；insignificant“不重要的”；inaccessible“不可到达的”；beinaccessibleto“无法到达的”。句意：这个地方看上去不受欢迎，因为它完全被遗弃且车辆无论如何也无法进入。由completelydeserted可知车辆无法进入，答案C

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

西藏在中国的西南部。居住在这里的藏族先民，远在公元前就与生活在中原的汉族有联系。到了唐朝(公元618-907年)，藏汉双方通过王室间的联姻、会盟，在政治上形成了团结友好的亲谊关系，在经济和文化上建立了密切的联系，为最终建立统一的国家奠定了深厚的基础。十三世纪中叶，西藏正式归入中国元朝版图。自此以后，尽管中国经历了几代王朝的兴替，但西藏一直处于中央政权的管辖之下。

【答案】TibetislocatedinSouthwestChina.ThepeoplewholivedtherestruckuplinkswiththeHanintheCentralPlainslongbeforetheChristianera.BytheTangDynasty(AD618-907),theTibetansandHanshas,throughmarriagesbetweenroyalfamiliesandotheralliances,cementedunityandpoliticalfriendshipandformedcloseeconomicandculturalrelations.Thiscreatedasolidfoundationfortheultimatefoundingofaunifiednation.Inthemid-13thcentury,TibetwasofficiallyincorporatedintotheterritoryofChina’sYuanDynasty.Sincethen,althoughChinaexperiencedseveraldynasticchanges,TibethasremainedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentofChina.

8.翻译题

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不开心就像一种传染病。它使人们对不快乐的人敬而远之。不快乐的人很快就会发觉自己既孤独又悲惨，充满怨恨。但是，有一种乍一看似乎荒谬可笑，实际却非常简单的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快乐，那就假装快乐吧!

这个办法的确行之有效。不久你就会发现，你不再排斥别人，而是开始吸引他们。你会发现被越来越多善意的人们包围的感觉是多么的值得！

于是，假装的变成了真实的。一旦快乐被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯，它就会向我们敞开一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花园的大门。

9.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

问题1选项

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retains“保持”；B选项entails“牵涉；需要”；C选项retails“述说（尤指别人的事情）”；D选项repels“击退；赶走”。句意：你必须非常小心；这项工作______精确。根据语境，这里指这是份细致的工作，B选项entails“牵涉；需要”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Henevertellsanybodyabouthisplans;hekeepshisown（

）.

问题1选项

A.idea

B.opinion

C.counsel

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。idea“想法，主意，概念”；opinion“观点”；counsel“建议；劝告”；secret“秘密”。keepone'sowncounsel"将自己意见（或计划）保密，不暴露自己的意图"。句意：他从没告诉过别人他的计划，他只听从自己的想法。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Betty,though（

）inmostthings,spentalotofmoneyonclothes.

问题1选项

A.economical

B.economic

C.excessive

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】根据though可以推断,前后形成对比,表达意思相反,所以应填入economical节俭的,选项A正确。

12.单选题

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

问题1选项

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:conclude“结束；终止”；B:follow“跟随，接着”；C:deduce“推论，推断”；D:doom“命运；厄运”。句意：虽然他是一名称职的工程师，但是，并不能推断他将成为一名成功的厂长。结合语境，故选C选项。

13.单选题

Thesurvival（）ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

问题1选项

A.ratio

B.rate

C.scale

D.standard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“taxrate税率”、“crimerate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，水准”。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto______theweeklystaffmeeting.

问题1选项

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。

15.单选题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

问题2选项

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

问题3选项

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

问题4选项

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

问题5选项

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家AlanKrueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比他们的大学背景更重要”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由B项“著名大学的学位不保证学生进入研究生项目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家AlanKrueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。故选B。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻译为：一个研究发现，在其他事情一样的情况下，精英学校的毕业生经历更多的工作不如意。判断出答案为C项“他们在毕业后经历更多的工作不如意”。

16.单选题

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

问题2选项

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

问题4选项

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

问题5选项

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我们每天晚上都看电视。晚饭后,我们就会躺在妈妈的床上,再看几个小时电视。”可知作者每天放学后花了很多时间看电视。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、妈妈住在底特律一所肮脏的多户住宅里。”可知作者来自于单亲家庭。故B项正确。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我们的母亲只上完了三年级。但她比我们男孩当时所知道的要聪明得多。她注意到在她打扫书籍的郊区房子里有一些东西。”可知作者的母亲接受的教育很少，并且是个清洁工，故C、D项正确。题干问的是哪一项不正确，故选答案A。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，关掉电视，让我们坐下来，解释说她的儿子们将要做些改变。”可知作者母亲让他俩读书的态度是十分坚决的。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以没过多久，就有两个脾气暴躁的男孩坐在她那辆1959年产的白色奥兹莫比尔汽车上，准备去底特律公共图书馆。我不情愿地在儿童读物间徘徊。”可知他们第一次去图书馆是不情愿的。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这种体验与看电视完全不同。”可知作者当时并没有意识到书本给他带来的新体验。故D项“他意识到书籍给他带来全新的体验”不正确。

17.单选题

Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation-conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theoceangenerallyhasmoresaltin（

）.

2.Theworld“it”inline4(paragraph4)refersto（

）.

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSea?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationofoceanice?

5.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceans?

问题1选项

A.coastalareas

B.tropicalareas

C.rainyareas

D.turbulentareas

问题2选项

A.seaice

B.salinity

C.seawater

D.manner

问题3选项

A.Toshowthatthisbodyofwaterhassalinityvariations

B.TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters

C.Togiveanexampleofincreasedsalinityduetofreezing.

D.Topointoutthelocationofdeepwaters

问题4选项

A.Thesaltremainsinthewater.

B.Thesurroundingwatersinks.

C.Watersalinitydecreases.

D.Thewaterbecomesdenser.

问题5选项

A.Itisrelativelywarm.

B.Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.

C.Itdoesnotmove.

D.Itevaporatesquickly.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第三段指出:Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation(通常，在光照很强的热带地区，海水盐度比世界上其他蒸发量不大的地区要高一些)。

2.词义题。“it”所在句子为:Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater,此处“it”是指代前面说的ice。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第五段:IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater(在南极洲外的威德尔海，海洋中密度最大的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这会增加冷水的盐度)。由此可知，提及WeddellSea,是为了证明前面提到的海水结冰对海水盐度的影响。

4.推断题。文章指出,海冰的形成会引起海水盐度增加。

5.推断题。文章指出，密度大的海水会下沉，可在海洋的深水域可以发现。也就是相对来说，海水的含盐度会高些。

18.单选题

Inplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcarepractitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and(2)“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomerespects,thesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesisabasicproblem.

Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’languagewilldomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.Manytraditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueintheinteractionswithcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintotrustthem.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.

Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationtobecomeacquaintedwiththecultureofthegrowingethnicpopulations,andoftheirdiversesubgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionswithimmigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandotherconditionsintheplaceoforiginhelpscaregiversrecognizethatthesuspiciousnessofimmigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.

Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamilycanbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsofgrocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdevelopedforimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothavetheknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.

1.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot（

）.

2.Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?

问题1选项

A.beawareoftheirownhealthneeds

B.bewillingtousetheavailableservices

C.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservices

D.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasic

问题2选项

A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperience

B.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguage

C.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiority

D.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackground

问题3选项

A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.

B.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.

C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.

D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.

问题4选项

A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.

B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandforemost.

C.Fearamongfamilymembersshouldberelievedatthebeginningstage.

D.Whatisincludedintheprogramsshouldbebothpracticalandpracticable.

问题5选项

A.Howtoestablishanimmigrant-friendlyneighborhood.

B.Howtohelpimmigrantsenjoyavailablehealthcareservices.

C.Howtomakeanassessmentoftheexistinghealthcareservices.

D.Howtoassistcaregiversinunderstandingimmigrants’familyinfluence.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot（）.文章一开始就暗示移民家庭可能不会____。

A.beawareoftheirownhealthneedsA.了解他们自己的健康需求

B.bewillingtousetheavailableservicesB.愿意使用现有的服务

C.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservicesC.享有基本保健服务

D.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasicD.能够负担得起除最基本的服务外的其他服务

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段“弗朗西斯卡•韦斯曼提到两个有关移民家庭健康规划的问题：‘他们最迫切的医疗需求是什么？和怎样引导移民使用现有的医疗卫生服务？’在某些方面，第二个问题更重要，因为说服移民家庭使用服务是一个基本问题”。由这一段可知移民家庭不太愿意使用现有的医疗服务。所以B选项“愿意使用现有服务”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“了解他们自己的健康需求”，根据解题思路可知是两个有关移民家庭健康规划中的第一个问题，文中说的是第二个问题更加重要，该选项本末倒置；

C选项“享有基本保健服务”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“能够负担得起除最基本的服务外的其他服务”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause（）.移民客户和照顾者之间很难建立信任，因为____。

A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperienceA.护理人员海外工作经验少

B.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguageB.护理人员可能不会说客户的母语

C.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiorityC.看护者具有强烈的文化优越感

D.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackgroundD.护理人员不喜欢客户的种族背景

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“雇用会讲客户语言的护理人员将大大降低种族障碍”以及倒数第二句“除非家属能与护理人员沟通，否则他们无法信任护理人员”，由这两句可知B选项“护理人员可能不会说客户的母语”是使移民和护理人员很难建立信任的原因，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“护理人员海外工作经验少”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“看护者具有强烈的文化优越感”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“护理人员不喜欢客户的种族背景”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?下面哪一项可以从第三段推断出来？

A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.A.了解不同的文化是提供优质服务的必要条件。

B.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.B.缺乏信息和尊重是照顾者中普遍存在的问题。

C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.C.少数民族人口在医疗体系中的影响力越来越大。

D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.D.强调移民家乡的具体情况是不合理的。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph3与题干信息可定位至原文第三段，该处讲到开展移民医疗服务工作第二个方法，由第二句提到“弗朗西斯卡认识到，护理人员有义务熟悉不断增长的种族人口及其多样化的子群体的文化。”，由此句可知A选项“理解不同的文化对于提供好的业务是必要的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“缺乏信息和尊重是照顾者中普遍存在的问题。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“少数民族人口在医疗体系中的影响力越来越大。”，属于无中生有；

D选项“强调移民家乡的具体情况是不合理的。”，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?当采用家庭方法时，下列哪项是重要的？

A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.A.应该保证有足够的资源来确保成功。

B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandf