考研考博-英语-安徽新闻出版职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽新闻出版职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

12.Thethirdparagraph（）.

13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph（）.

15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（）.

问题1选项

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

问题2选项

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

问题3选项

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraph

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

问题4选项

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer

问题5选项

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】11.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子汉气概’”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。

12.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。

13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人们都持着那种从人类最原始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。

14.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes（只是作为人们内心对两性角色区分的基本正确性的期望的表达。）因此B选项“说明了人们对男人的期望”正确。A选项“是基于考古学的研究”；C选项“被作者当作一个无关紧要的笑话而不予理会”以及D选项“这证明了求婚者应该是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正确的理解。

15.判断推理题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.（有许多客观证据表明男性地位的下降。）随后又举例说明两性社会角色在发生变化，因此D选项“期望继续改变”正确。最后一段作者承认引文的观点自古就有，但他认为这种关系正在变化，因此A选项“同意”；B选项“认为是自然的”以及C选项“完全拒绝”都不正确。

2.单选题

TheestablishmentofEarthDaybeganwithanideaproposedinOctober1969byJohnMcConnell,aSanFranciscoresident.McConnellapproachedtheSanFranciscoBoardofSupervisorswitharesolutiontodevoteonedayayeartopublicawarenessdedicatedtonatureandtheweakecosystemthatmakesupit.Theday'seventswouldemphasizetheurgencyofallinhabitantsoftheplanettotakeresponsibilityforbuildingahealthyandecologicallysustainableplanetforthepresentandlongintothefuture.TheboardwasimpressedwithMcConnell'sideaanddeclaredEarthDayanannualcelebrationtobeheldonMarch21,thedateofthevernalequinox.McConnellstated“Thisisthemomentwhennightanddayareequalthroughouttheearth—remindingusofEarth'sbeautifulsystemofbalancewhichhumanityhaspartiallyupsetandmustrestore.”EarthdaywasestablishedasanationaldayofcelebrationintheUnitedStatesin1970andwasembracedbytheUnitedNationsin1971whenitdeclaredanEarthDayceremonytobeheldeachyearonthedayoftheMarchEquinox.WhenthefirstEarthDaywascelebratedintheUnitedStatesonApril22,1970,twentymillionparticipantsnationwidetookpartinteach-ins,streetdemonstrations,andworkshopsin2,000communitiesand12,000collegesandhighschoolcampuses.Themajorpublicconcernatthattimewasindustrialpollutionanditseffectontheairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,andthehealthoftheplanetwaslivein.thosecelebrationsledtopowerfulpublicoutcriesforlegislationmandatingecologicallysoundenvironmentalpoliciesandrigidcontrolsonindustrialpollution.Overtheyears,theissuesofconcernhaveexpandedgreatlyintoaspectsofair,water,soil,andnoisepollution.Whetheritcomesfromvehicles,factories,agriculture,housing,orprivateproperty,publicconcernandactivismcontinueswithcitizensfromaroundtheworldinvolvedineffortstoachieveasustainableandenduringecosystem.

EarthDayactivitiesaresupportedandsponsoredbyalargenetworkoforganizations,governmentagencies,businesses,universities,andinstitutions.TheyworkdiligentlyeachyeartomakeEarthdayeventsmeaningfulandrelevanttotheinhabitantsofPlanetEarth.Theregularobservanceofthisholidayfixesenvironmentalvaluesintothenationalconsciousnessandprovidesanopportunitytointroduceenvironmentalissuesintoschools,mediaandpublicevents.ItshouldbenotedthatEarthDayactivitieshavebeeninstrumentalinbringingaboutmanyofthesignificantenvironmentalchangesthathavetakenplaceinthelastthreedecades.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）

2.Accordingtothepassage,onMarch21,（）

3.WhichofthefollowingdatesisdefinitelyaninternationalEarthDay?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

5.Itcanbeconcludedthat（）

问题1选项

A.howtostartanationalholiday

B.whentheEarthdaywasintroduced

C.thereasonsforestablishingtheEarthDay

D.theoriginandmovementoftheEarthDay

问题2选项

A.theboardacceptedtheproposalofMcConnell

B.theUnitedNationsdeclaredanEarthDaycelebration

C.dayandnightareequallydividedthroughouttheworld

D.theearthisatitsmostbeautifulmomentthroughouttheyear

问题3选项

A.October1,1969.

B.March21,1970.

C.April22,1970.

D.March21,1972.

问题4选项

A.OnlycollegestudentsandscholarsparticipatedintheactivitiesonthefirstEarthDay.

B.Themovementhasgrownfromconcernoverindustrialpollutiontoallkindsofenvironmentalpollution.

C.Somepeoplecryfortheabandonmentofallvehiclesandagriculturebecauseoftheirpollution.

D.Asustainableandenduringecosystemshouldbemaintainedatthecostofhousingandprivateproperty.

问题5选项

A.manyorganizationsandbusinessessuffervastlossesasaresultofEarthDaycampaign

B.peoplehavelearnedtouseEarthDayactivitiesasinstrumenttoacquirewhattheywant

C.supportersworkhardtomakethewholenationawareofEarthDayeventsbypublicizingtheminmedia

D.EarthDayactivitieshavesucceededinchangingourenvironmentoverthepastyears

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,第一段主要是讲世界地球日的由来以及活动；第二段主要是讲地球日活动举办的意义。所以选项D正确。选项A表述错误,选项B和C不全面。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段第四句“TheboardwasimpressedwithMcConnell'sideaanddeclaredEarthDayanannualcelebrationtobeheldonMarch21,thedateofthevernalequinox.”可知3月21号是春分。然后接下来的一句话“Thisisthemomentwhennightanddayareequalthroughouttheearth.”说明春分这一天地球上昼夜时长相等。所以选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Earthdaywasestablished...onthedayoftheMarchEquinox.”可知,1971年,联合国宣布每年3月春分那天举行地球日庆祝活动,地球日因此受到联合国的欢迎。但是每年的春分在阳历里面的日子是不固定的,所以并不是每年的3月21号都是地球日。根据下文“WhenthefirstEarthDaywascelebratedintheUnitedStatesonApril22,1970,”可知,1970年4月22号是美国庆祝的第一个地球日。所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段可知,第一次地球日活动有两千万人参与,但并没有说只是学生和教员,only表述错误,选项A错误。第一段的倒数第二句“Overtheyears,theissuesofconcernhaveexpandedgreatlyintoaspectsofair,water,soil,andnoisepollution.”可知,人们关心的问题已扩展到空气、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以选项B符合原文。选项C和D在文中都没提及。

5.判断推理题。选项A文中只提到很多组织和公司都在支持地球日活动,并没有提及他们因活动造成了巨大损失。选项B人们庆祝地球日不是为了自己的利益,而是为了生态环保,表述错误。选项C原文提到三种手段,所以这里表达不全面。选项D符合原文最后一句话,正确。

3.单选题

Theanimaldissectionrequirementofbiologyclasseshasbeengettingundertheskinofstudentsforgenerations,andtherehavealwaysbeensomewhoaskedtobeexcusedfromtherequirement.Now,agrowingnumberoftechnologicalalternativesaremakingitpossibleforstudentstoswapthatscalpelforacomputermouse.Therearelawsinnearlyadozenstates—includingCalifornia,Florida,NewYork—protectingastudent’schoicetolearnaboutanimalanatomysansscalpel.Somestudentschoosingtooptoutfeelweshouldbekindertoourweb-footedfriends.Othersarejustqueasyatthethoughtofrubberyfrogbodiesandthesmellofformaldehyde.

“Dissectionisicky.There’sayuckfactor.”admitsBrianShmaersky,aboardmemberwiththeNationalAssociationofBiologyTeachers.“Andateacherhastoweighthebenefitswiththecostofstudentsbeingoffendedtothepointthatitinterfereswithlearning.”

Virtualblades.Soforcasesinwhicharealdissectionwouldbetooslimy,it’stimetotrysometoadtech.Whilethefirstcomputer-basedalternativestodissectionemergedinthe1980s,modemfrogdissectionsoftwarecanbefoundatdifferentwebsites.Thesesoftwareprogramsusecreativeclicking,high-poweredzoomfunctions,andvideoclipstoteachanatomy.Frogutssoftware,forexample,letsstudentstraceincisionlineswithacomputermouseandsnipthroughskinwithavirtualblade.Thereareevensoundeffectslikea“slish”forslicingfrogflesh,ora“shwoosh”forpinningdownskinflaps.

(Schoolscurrentlypayabout$300foraone-yearsoftwarelicense,thoughsomeorganizationswilllendprogramsoutfreeofcharge.)

Earlierthisyear,agraduatestudentfromSimonFraserUniversityinVancouverdesignedthefirst-everhaptic(theGreekwordfor“touch”)frogdissectionprogram,whichusesapenliketooltocreateasensationsimilartocuttingintorealflesh.Thehand-helddeviceconnectstoacomputer,andstudentsmovethedevicethroughtheairwhilewatchingtheresultsoftheiractionsonacomputerscreen.

WithDigitalFrog—apopularprogramthat’shadapproximately1,500frogdemodownloadssinceJanuaryandiscurrentlyinusein2,000schools—studentscanaddorsubtractthoseamphibiousorganswithameremouseclick.Theycanthenassesstheirlearningwithsporadicfroganatomyquizzes.

“Repetitionishelpful.Thefactthatastudentcanreviewsectionsofaprogramoverandoveragainisimportant,”saysMartinStephens,vicepresidentforanimalresearchissuesattheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates.“Indissections,theanimal’sorgansareallshriveledanddiscolored.Youlookforthingsandcan’tfindthembecausebodypartshavechangeddrasticallysincetheanimalwaskilled.Butonacomputerscreen,layerscanbedigitallypeeledaway.”Otherexpertsthinkthedissectiontechnologyhasitslimits.GerryWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation,saysthatartificialsimulationsdon’tgiveasenrichinganexperienceastherealthing.Stillothersworrytheprogramsaredeprivingkidsofexperientiallearning.

1.Theword“swap”(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Somestudentsasktobeexcusedfromtherequirementofbiologyclassesbecauseofthefollowingreasonsexceptthat（）.

3.BrianShmaersky’sstatementimpliesthat（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthetoadtechcanbesaidtobe（）.

问题1选项

A.exchange

B.throwaway

C.reject

D.refuse

问题2选项

A.dissectionconsistsofdisgustingproceduresandunpleasantsmells

B.areentitledtorejectdissectionrequirementgiventhelegalregulation

C.theyareoffendedwhenfulfillingtherequirementsofanimaldissection

D.theyinsistthatpeopleshouldtreatanimalsmoreasfriendsinsteadofsimplyobjects.

问题3选项

A.indeedsupportsthestudents’animalprotectionmovement

B.thinkstheanimaldissectionshouldbebanned

C.thinkstheanimaldissectionmaynotbegoodforstudentstolearnbiologyeffectively

D.alwaysevaluatestheteachingeffectbyweighingreluctantfactorsofcostandeffect

问题4选项

A.portive

B.doubtful

C.indifferent

D.provocative

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章内容，很多同学不想做解剖，因为令人呕吐，现在有一种科学技术可以代替这种解剖，可以用鼠标电脑模拟进行。选项A符合题意。

2.信息推断题。文章第一段讲到了学生不愿做解剖的原因，第一是因为气味让人感到恶心，然后认为动物是我们的朋友而不是物体，C选项是对这两者的概括，B选项不是原因而是一个结果。选项B符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，可以知道教学要考虑学生的情感因素，教师要权衡利弊。选项C符合题意。

4.观点态度题。考查对文章文意的理解以及对作者态度的揣测。从整篇文章看，虽然利用电脑程序做解剖有些不足，但是作者对这一法还是持积极态度的。

4.单选题

Manyhadbecomesocaughtupintheirownlivesthattheyhadletgoldenfriendships_______byovertheyears.

问题1选项

A.slip

B.stick

C.shift

D.skip

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slip悄悄疾行，溜B.stick粘贴，粘住

C.shift快速移动；转移，挪动D.skip蹦蹦跳跳地走

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】goldenfriendships和横线处构成主谓搭配关系，这里指的是美好的友谊因为无暇顾及而______，slip符合语境，指的是友谊在不知不觉间消失，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】许多人一心扑在自己的生活上，以至于美好的友谊随着时间的流逝而溜走。

5.单选题

The（）ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

问题1选项

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机；目的（侧重于做坏事的动机）”，B选项motivation“动机；积极性（侧重于干劲，动力一类）”，C选项push“推”，D选项drive“驱动器”，句子中是说男子击打女孩致死的动机，是坏的行为，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：那个把女孩打死的男人的动机不是为了钱，而是为了杀人。

6.单选题

Althoughthestudyofgeneticsisanentirelynewfield,it（）mankindformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.hascombined

B.hasinterestedin

C.hasinvolved

D.hasfascinated

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：虽然遗传学研究是一个全新的领域，但它多年来一直吸引着人类。选项A和C不符合句意；选项B的主语是人，不符合句意；只有选项D符合语境。

7.单选题

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。

句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。

8.单选题

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

问题1选项

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敌人”；rival“竞争对手”；opponent“反对者”。句意：虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手，但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI（）thattheywerewaitingforme.

问题1选项

A.didn’tknow

B.haven’tknown

C.don’tknow

D.wouldhaveknown

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句子的前半部分wouldhavecome是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示我应该早点来的。所以句子的后半部分应该要用到过去式，表示过去不知道他们在等我。句意：我本可以早点来的，但我不知道他们在等我。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

10.翻译题

交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。

事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位外国的著名历史学家曾经写道：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”

事实也近乎如此。中国古代的四大发明曾经给古代世界的文化发展以巨大的推动。汉唐文化对朝鲜、日本等毗邻国家的文化发展，更是给予了深刻而又久远的影响。同样，近代和现代西方的许多重要科学成果，也改变了并继续改变着当代中国人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

11.单选题

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

问题1选项

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项embodied“呈现；体现”；B选项submerged“淹没；沉浸”；C选项intensified“加剧；加强”；D选项replied“回答；回复”。句意：十位科学家的实验都……在这份报告中。主语是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科学家的实验”，句中缺少谓语动词，由inthereport“在这份报告中”可知，这一份报告囊括了十位科学家的实验，也即是说这份报告呈现了十位科学家的实验。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

问题1选项

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“热心地，满腔热情地”；sincerely“真诚地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避开是非的问题就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列关系，故答案D

13.单选题

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Line6,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（）”.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

问题1选项

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

问题2选项

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

问题3选项

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

问题4选项

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

问题5选项

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句说到fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach（五分之四的家庭至少有一辆车，超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车），可以说明美国为什么被称为车轮上的国家。因此B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车”正确。A选项“大约四分之一的美国人拥有两辆汽车”，由原文可知是超过四分之一的美国家庭拥有两辆汽车，而不是美国人，所以A错误。C选项“每年有近800万辆新车在这个国家行驶”，由原文可知，是每年生产近800万辆新车，不代表所有新车都能上路行驶，所以C错误。D选项“80%的美国人至少有一辆车”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭至少拥有一辆汽车，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.（有1000万人因饮食不足而健康状况不佳；造成他们困境的原因多种多样。长期失业应被视为主要因素。），说明美国人健康状况不佳的主要原因是失业。因此C选项“失业”正确。A选项“饮食不足”，B选项“营养不良”，D选项“自动化”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.（奇怪的是，失业十有八九是由自动化造成的，无论是在工业还是农业领域。例如，在南方农村，当一个棉花种植园突然将其劳动力从100人削减到3人时，帮助流离失所者的问题就出现了。），说明“thedisplaced”在文中的意思是失业的人。因此A选项“失业者”正确。B选项“残疾人”，C选项“病人”，D选项“穷人”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.（根据《社会保障法》，这种规模的家庭在贫困线以下，有资格领取特别福利计划的补助。），说明“eligible”在文中的意思是有资格。因此D选项“应得的，值得的”正确。A选项“必要的”，B选项“紧急的”，C选项“必须的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第五、六句Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.（然而，我们可能会同意，社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下的人的吃、穿、住问题。总的来说，也许可以说，美国人比大多数其他国家的人生活得更好。），说明美国人比其他大多数国家的人生活得更好的原因是社会福利计划帮助了贫困线以下的人。因此D选项“社会福利计划在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下人群的问题”正确。A选项“许多美国人从特殊的福利计划中得到了好处”，B选项“一些贫困人口由于某种原因可以得到帮助”，C选项“美国有反贫困计划”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

14.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

15.单选题

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythingsthatpeopledoorsay.

问题1选项

A.offended

B.wounded

C.stimulated

D.motivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。offend"冒犯;进攻";wound"伤害,受伤";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撑"。根据or可以推断填空处应与hurt意思相近。wound一般指外伤,伤口,不符合句意,所以选项A正确。句意：敏感的人很容易被别人的言行伤害或冒犯。

试题答案

A

16.单选题

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

问题1选项

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句和状语从句。句意：一个有趣的事实是，当人们试图做自然所做的同样的事情时，他们通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主语，真正的主语是横线到句尾部分，其中主语从句中包含一个时间状语从句，that引导主语从句，when引导时间状语从句，所以A选项thatwhenmen正确。其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality.

Thismeanshewillbeabletomendafuse.Beinggoodaboutthehouseistheessentialingredientofthemanageablemale.Allthesepretensionstohavinggreenfingersasanexcuseforspendingthemorninginthesunshineandtrampinginfromthegardeninmuddybootsarereallynosubstitute.

Asacareerwoman,ithasalwaysbeenmydreamtobemarriedtoahandyman.Womenwhosehusbandsarerelaxedaboutrawplugsdon'tknowwhatworryis.Iwouldsleeppeacefullyatnightwithanyonewhocouldtellapairofpincersfromawirecutter.Apartfromtheblissfulconvenience;Icouldreallyatlastbegintoliveitup.

IfyouareburiedinthedepthsofthecountryasIliketobewheneverIcan,itcostsyouafiverjusttohave