考研考博-英语-安徽城市管理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽城市管理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but（）Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.

问题1选项

A.inbalance

B.offbalance

C.onbalance

D.outofbalance

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定结构。inbalance“保持”；onbalance“总的来说”；outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意为“总的来说，我认为采用它对我们有好处”，用“总的来说”顺承“提出的方案有优点也有缺点”。C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

OneofthemostcommonconstituentsoftheEarth’scrust（

）,acomponentofseveraldifferentkindsofrocks.

问题1选项

A.themineralquartz

B.andquartzisthemineral

C.isthemineralquartz

D.beingthemineralquartz

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知整个句子的主语是OneofthemostcommonconstituentsoftheEarth’scrust，为单数。根据主谓一致原则，谓语也需用单数。句意：地壳最常见的成分之一是矿物石英，它是由几种不同的岩石组成的。选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。

放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。

当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。

中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。

4.单选题

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss（）.

2.Microwavesare（）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat（）.

4.Theauthor’stoneis（）.

5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means（）.

问题1选项

A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves

B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

C.themodernmethodsofcooking

D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

问题2选项

A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels

B.veryefficientforcooking

C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes

D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists

问题3选项

A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol

B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven

C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways

D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation

问题4选项

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了微波的特点，第二三段讲述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能对人体造成的伤害。故D项“微波的用途及可能造成的影响”正确。ABC三项均比较片面。

2.推理判断题。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身，微波炉里的任何东西都不会被加热，因此烹饪过程比传统的烤箱更有效率。可知B项正确。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.这些反应使一些科学家认为微波辐射是有害的，尽管是以一些尚未被发现的方式。可知A项错误。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前还没有对暴露在低水平微波辐射下的人进行研究。可知C项错误。

3.推理判断题。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科学家们更关心的是低水平微波照射的影响，比如微波炉泄漏可能造成的影响。与D项“微波对人体影响的研究大多局限于对低水平微波辐射的研究”同义。AB两项文中没有提及；C项“用微波炉烹饪的食物可能比用传统方法烹饪的食物更有营养”是对原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹饪时间更短，在微波炉中烹饪时可能会保留更多的营养成分。”的曲解。

4.观点态度题。本文前半部分提到了微波给人们的生活带来了便利，可以快速地加热食物，后半部分提到了科学家对微波是否会对人体造成伤害进行了讨论，全文没有涉及主观性色彩的内容，所以作者的态度是客观的，故A项正确。

5.词义题。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波炉的人被热的食物、热锅或从食物中逸出的蒸汽烧伤。没有记录在案的微波炉辐射灼伤案例。联系上文可以推断documented为记录的。

5.单选题

BecauseofherdualnationalityintheUnitedStatesandMexico,Mariawasalmostrequiredtopaytaxesinbothcountriesuntilheraccountant（）withasatisfactorysolutionforbothcountries.

问题1选项

A.intercepted

B.interacted

C.interpreted

D.intervened

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intercepted“拦截；截断；窃听”；B选项interacted“互相影响；互相作用”；C选项interpreted“说明；口译；解释”；D选项intervened“干涉；调停；插入”。句意：由于具有美国和墨西哥两个国籍，Maria需要付两份税，直到她的会计师的干预才获得一个满意的解决方案。本句表示“在会计的干涉下解决问题”，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Theheatinsummerisnoless（）hereinthismountainregion.

问题1选项

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concentrated“集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的”；B选项extensive“广泛的；大量的；广阔的”；C选项intense“强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的”；D选项intensive“加强的；集中的”。由本句主语“Theheatinsummer”（夏天的炎热）后接noless（不相上下）可知此处的意思应与强烈的对应，表示夏天的炎热程度。句意：在这片山区，夏季的酷暑同样强烈。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Theinnocentchildobjectedto（

）likethis.

问题1选项

A.treating

B.betreated

C.havebeentreated

D.beingtreated

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。objectto后面要接doing，因此to在这里是介词。根据前后文可知这些无辜的孩子是“被对待”，所以要用被动语态，因此选项D符合题意。句意：那些无辜的孩子反对被这样对待。

8.单选题

Mr.Duffyraisedhiseyesfromthepaperandgazedoutofhiswindowonthecheerlesseveninglandscape.TheriverlayquietbesidestheemptydistilleryandfromtimetotimealightappearedinsomehouseonLucanRoad.Whatanend!Thewholenarrativeofherdeathrevoltedhimanditrevoltedhimtothinkthathehadeverspokentoherofwhatheheldsacred.Thecautiouswordsofareporterwonovertoconcealthedetailsofacommonplacevulgardeathattackedhisstomach.Notmerelyhadshedegradedherself;shehaddegradedhim.Hissoul’scompanion!Hethoughtofthehobblingwretcheswhomhehadseencarryingcansandbottlestobefilledbythebarman.JustGod,whatanend!Evidentlyshehadbeenunfittolivewith,withoutanystrengthofpurpose,aneasypreytohabits,oneofthewrecksonwhichcivilizationhasbeenreared.Butthatshecouldhavesunksolow!Wasitpossiblehehaddeceivedhimselfsoutterlyabouther?Herememberedheroutburstofthatflightandinterpreteditinaharshersensethathehadeverdone.Hehadnodifficultynowinapprovingofthecoursehehadtaken.

Asthelightfailedandhismemorybegantowander,hethoughtherhandtouchedhis.Theshockwhichhadfirstattackedhisstomachwasnowattackinghisnerves.Heputonhisovercoatandhatquicklyandwentout.Thecoldairmethimonthethreshold;itcreptintothesleevesofhiscoat.WhenhecametothepublichouseatChapelBridgehewentinandorderedahotpunch.

Theproprietorservedhimobsequiouslybutdidnotventuretotalk.Therewerefiveorsixworkingmenintheshopdiscussingthevalueofagentleman’sestateinCountyKildare.Theydrankatintervalsfromtheirhugepinttumblers,andsmoked,spittingoftenonthefloorandsometimesdraggingthesawdustovertheirheavyboots.Mr.Duffysatonhisstoolandgazedatthem,withoutseeingorhearingthem.Afterawhile,theywentoutandhecalledforanotherpunch.Hesatalongtimeoverit.Theshopwasveryquiet.Theproprietorsprawledonthecounterreadingthenewspaperandyawning.Nowandagainateamwasheardswishingalongthelonelyroadoutside.

Ashesatthere,livingoverhislifewithherandevokingalternatelythetwoimagesonwhichhenowconceivedher,herealizedthatshewasdead,thatshehadceasedtoexist,thatshehadbecomeamemory.Hebegantofeelillatease.Heaskedhimselfwhatelsehecouldhavedone.Hecouldnothavelivedwithheropenly.Hehaddonewhatseemedtohimbest.Howwashetoblame?Nowthatshewasgoneheunderstoodhowlonelyherlifemusthavebeen,sittingnightafternightaloneintheroom.Hislifewouldbelonelytoountilhe,too,died,ceasedtoexist,becameamemoryifanyonerememberedhim.

1.Mr.Duffy’simmediatereactiontothereportofthewoman’sdeathwasthatof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthereporterwroteaboutthewoman’sdeathina（

）manner.

3.Theword“obsequiously”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatMr.Duffywasina(n)

（

）

mood.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.disgust

B.guilt

C.grief

D.compassion

问题2选项

A.detailed

B.provocative

C.discreet

D.sensational

问题3选项

A.compassionately

B.servilely

C.feverishly

D.passionately

问题4选项

A.angry

B.fretful

C.irritable

D.remorseful

问题5选项

A.Mr.Duffyonceconfidedinthewoman.

B.Mr.Duffyfeltanintensesenseofshame.

C.Thewomanwantedtoendtherelationship

D.Theybecameestrangedprobablyafteraquarrel.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Duffy先生对关于这个女人死亡的报告的即刻反应是什么”。文章第一段第四句话提到“关于她死亡的整个叙述令他厌恶”（Thewholenarrativeofherdeathrevoltedhim），第五句话提到报到者用谨慎的语言掩盖了粗俗的死亡，让他倒胃口（Thecautiouswordsofareporterwonovertoconcealthedetailsofacommonplacevulgardeathattackedhisstomach），因此选项A“反感”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，报道者用……方式报道了那个女人的死亡”。文章第一段第五句话提到报到者用谨慎的语言掩盖了粗俗的死亡，让他倒胃口（Thecautiouswordsofareporterwonovertoconcealthedetailsofacommonplacevulgardeathattackedhisstomach），因此，选项C“谨慎的”符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“单词obsequiously的意思是……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“店主……地为他服务但是不敢跟他说话”（Theproprietorservedhimobsequiouslybutdidnotventuretotalk），根据店主服务客人的原则可以推测店主是非常殷勤的，因此选项B“屈从地”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章最后一段我们可得知Duffy先生的心情……”。文章最后一段提到“他不能与她公开生活。他做了看起来对他最好的事情。”（Hecouldnothavelivedwithheropenly.Hehaddonewhatseemedtohimbest）；“他的生活将会一直孤独，直到死亡”（islifewouldbelonelytoountilhe,too,died），说明Duffy先生非常后悔当初的做法，选项D“后悔的”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“通过文章可知下列哪个表述不正确”。文章第一段提到“他曾经跟她说过……”（hehadeverspokentoherofwhatheheldsacred），因此选项A可以排除；文章最后一段提到“现在，她死了，他明白了她先前的生活是那么孤独……”（Nowthatshewasgoneheunderstoodhowlonelyherlifemusthavebeen,sittingnightafternightaloneintheroom），以及“他不能与她公开生活。他做了看起来对他最好的事情。”（Hecouldnothavelivedwithheropenly.Hehaddonewhatseemedtohimbest）能推断Duffy先生内心的悔恨，选项B可以排除；文章第一段提到“她的突然离开”（heroutburstofthatflight）可推测他们之间有过争吵，选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood（

）ofrealsuccessinlife.

问题1选项

A.essence

B.decree

C.qualification

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；decree意为“法令，命令”；qualification意为“资格，授权”；criterion意为“（批评、判断等的）标准，准则”。

句意：一个人能挣多少钱并不总是判断生活中真正成功的好标准。

10.单选题

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项pickup“捡起；获得；收拾”；B选项setaside“留出；驳回，撤销；不顾”；C选项disposeof“处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉”；D选项takeoff“起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功”。句意：养狗人必须用公园内提供的容器处理狗的排泄物。A选项pickup应该更侧重于捡起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而题干中说到了在容器内，在容器内处理狗狗的排泄物更适合，因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

PresidentBushcametohisparent’scentury-oldsummerhomeontheMainecoastforalittlerelaxation,adistantcousin'sweddingandsomefamilytime.However,severalhundredanti-wardemonstrators()onhisvisit.

问题1选项

A.intruded

B.invaded

C.intwined

D.inturned

【答案】A

【解析】intrudeon打扰，侵扰；invade侵略，侵犯；intwine盘绕，缠绕；inturned内弯的。句意：布什总统来到他父母位于缅因州海岸的百年避暑别墅，来放松一下，参加一个远房表亲的婚礼，并与家人共度时光。然而，数百名反战示威者侵扰了他的观光。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

问题1选项

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。

13.单选题

Whentrappedindriftingsands,donotstruggle,oryouwillbe（

）indeeper.

问题1选项

A.absorbed

B.pushed

C.heaved

D.sucked

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb意为“吸收（液体、气体等）”；push意为“推，推动”；heave意为“举起”；suck意为“吸取，吸入，卷进入”，besuckedin意为“被吸进，被卷入”。

句意：当被困在流沙中时，不要挣扎，否则你回被吸进去更深。

14.单选题

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgans,connectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit

（

）.

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiar

structureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

问题2选项

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

问题3选项

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

问题4选项

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

问题5选项

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.Functionofinstincts

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。有关胎儿发育的科学知识告诉我们，母亲在孕期学习诗词、音乐等，希望能够以此塑造自己未出生的孩子在某一方面的特性，这种做法是难以达到想要的目的的。因此B项(我们完全不能从胎儿发育中学到任何东西)与原文不符。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood(母亲的情感冲击会影响她的孩子，因为这改变了她的腺体的活动和血液的化学成分)。故选A。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而,小孩有可能多少会遗传一种普通的能力一一我们称之为智力)。故选C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第三段:Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(如果这些因素都运用到音乐方而,那么这个孩子就有可能成为一名音乐家)。故选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章重在讨论特定能力和遗传因素之间的关系。故选A。

15.单选题

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

问题2选项

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

问题3选项

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

问题4选项

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

问题5选项

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.语义题。根据题干关键词，将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（与其他人的建议大相径庭）”即可得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“aruler”可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句，根据“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以对于一个统治者来说，如果他想抓住权力不放，就必须学会如何做不好，知道什么时候该做，什么时候不该做）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

33.

细节事实题。将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion（一个人不可能拥有所有的好品质，也不可能总是以值得称赞的方式行事）”“behavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous（行为应该是善良的）”“leadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.（导致你的幸福和内心的平静）”即可得出本题答案。

34.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“arulerwantstosecurethepower”可将信息点定位至原文最后一段，从而得出本题答案。

35.

主旨大意题。通读全文，可发现作者探讨的是统治者如何稳固统治权利、巩固自己的统治地位，既要拥有众多良好的品质，也需要适时采取所谓“不道德”之举。从而即可得出本题答案。

16.单选题

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

问题1选项

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判决，审判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能与介词with搭配，而应与of搭配，所以选项D正确。

17.单选题

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextr