考研考博-英语-宁波工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

问题2选项

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

问题3选项

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

问题4选项

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“农业作为一种生存策略出现是因为人类被迫……”。根据第一段最后两句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.（在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃原有的生活方式，转而采取一种全新的生存策略，这导致了大范围的饥饿和疾病；这种适应就是农业。）可知，A项“放弃他以前的生活方式”正确；B项“离开沿海地区”、C项“跟随不断变化的植被”和D项“放弃他原来的居住地”都属于导致人类被迫放弃原有生活方式的原因。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家认为人类进化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.（最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响）可知，科学家认为人类进化受到了气候变化的重大影响，C项“很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响”正确；由此也可知，A项“很少伴有气候变化”错误；B项“对气候变化影响不大”和D项“对气候变化有重大影响”文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“过去气候变化的证据表明……”。根据文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.（事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，地球的气候几乎肯定会在未来经历剧烈的变化）可知，C项“地球的气候在未来必然会发生显著变化”正确；A项“人类活动加速了地球环境的变化”、B项“尽管有人类的干扰，地球的环境仍将保持温和”和D项“地球的气候在未来不太可能发生重大变化”都与原文内容不符合。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望在文章中传达的信息是……”。通读全文可知，文章在第一段就阐述了气候的变化导致人类放弃原有的生活方式而进行迁徙，寻求新的生存策略，接下来两段就气候的变化是如何改变人类生存和进化进行的阐述，最后一段总结根据过去的气候变化模式，即使没有人类的活动影响，地球的气候依然会经历剧烈变化，所以文章传达的信息是人类在面对气候的变化时，是无能为力的，故B项“面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的”正确；A项“尽管受到气候变化的影响，人类文明依然辉煌”和D项“尽管自然发生了变化，人类文明还是会继续发展的”没有提到；C项“人类必须限制自己的活动，以减缓全球变暖的进程”与文意相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Theyspeakofelectioncampaignpollsasamusicianmightofanorchestra____,orapainterofdefectivepaint.

问题1选项

A.inpace

B.outoffocus

C.instep

D.outoftune

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inpace保持同步B.outoffocus失焦

C.instep步调一致D.outoftune走调

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词是音乐家（amusician）的后置定语，而根据原句句意“他们把选举投票说成是‘管弦乐队中____的乐师’或‘油漆涂不好（defectivepaint）的油漆匠’”，由此可知，空格处的内容应该与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义一致，因此，D选项outoftune“走调”符合原文语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项inpace“保持同步”，与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致；

B选项outoffocus“失焦”，一般用于摄影师，不用于乐师；

C选项instep“步调一致”与“有缺陷的（defective）”语义不一致。

【句意】他们把选举投票说成是“管弦乐队中跑调的乐师”或“油漆有缺陷的油漆匠”。

3.单选题

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly（

）ifthefederalgovernment,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,hadquicklymarshaledthepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharitythatclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

问题1选项

A.mayhavebeenaverted

B.couldhavebeenaverted

C.mayhaveaverted

D.couldhaveaverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据选项可以判断本题考查虚拟语气，空格后为if引导的虚拟条件句。当条件句为过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟时，主句为would/could/should/might+havedone形式，排除A和C。主句的主语是disaster，与动词avert之间形成被动关系，因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

TheroleofthepartysysteminAmericanpoliticshasalwaysbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.aunityinsteadofdividing

B.unifyinginsteadofadivision

C.nottodividebuttounite

D.notdividingbutaunion

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定句型not…but…“不是……而是…..”，可排除A和B选项。且前后结构需要保持一致，句意：政党制度在美国政治中所起的作用一直是团结而不是分裂。因此选项C符合题意。

5.填空题

Peoplearemostlikelytosaytheyhavebeendreamingiftheyareawakenedduringaperiodofso-calledrapideyemovement,atthistimedistinctivechangesinbrainactivityareobservable.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dthis改为which

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分引导定语从句，对rapideyemovement进行修饰，D部分在从句中充当状语，this不能引导从句，which代表物，可以在这里引导从句。

【句意】如果人们在所谓的眼球快速运动时期醒来，可以观察到大脑活动的显著变化，那么他们最有可能说自己一直在做梦。

6.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了，当在电视上看到这个悲惨的场景时，人们是难过的。

考查形容词辨析。panic恐慌的，惊慌失措的；patriotic爱国的;pathetic可怜的，令人同情的，悲惨的；periodic周期的，定期的。根据前半句句意“一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了”可知C正确。

7.单选题

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

问题1选项

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“兴盛，繁荣”；B选项“肿胀”；C选项“繁荣，昌盛”；D选项“繁荣，茂盛”。句意：木材响尾蛇现在已被列入濒危物种名单，并且已经在东部两个州灭绝了，而这两个州曾经有（）这个物种。根据句意这里应该填繁盛。thrive指物（包括动物和植物）的繁殖兴盛；而prosper指的是经济或国力方面的繁荣；flourish指植物生长茂盛。根据词义辨析这里要选A。

8.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁,一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好,而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的,这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识,不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的,你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说,人可以分为三种：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说,经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽,周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说,他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了,周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。

9.单选题

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.restricted限制，限定（数量、范围等）B.isolated（使）隔离，孤立

C.outdated（新东西）使过时D.exhausted使筋疲力尽

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。

10.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

11.单选题

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

问题1选项

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。

考查名词辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保险;protection保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

12.单选题

Thoughitisinmid-May,（）tosomepartsofAppalachianTrailisstillverydifficultastheyarecoveredbythicksnow.

问题1选项

A.orientation

B.access

C.assess

D.voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项orientation表示“n.方向；定位；情况介绍，培训”，B选项access表示“n.入口，机会；接近”，C选项assess表示“v.评定；估价”，D选项voyage表示“n.航行；航程”。由句意前后逻辑关系可知，尽管是五月中旬，但是阿巴拉契亚山径的某些区域因厚雪覆盖仍然难以进入。空缺处需与介词to构成搭配，因此，本题正确答案为B选项。固定搭配accessto表示“通向……的入口/通道”。

13.单选题

Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly（

）tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweathersensitivepeople.

问题1选项

A.subjective

B.subordinate

C.liable

D.vulnerable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。subjective主观的，个人的；subordinate从属的，次要的；liable有…倾向的，易…的；vulnerable易受…影响的。句意：一些研究人员意识到某些人的神经系统特别易受干燥的热风的影响，我们称这些人为天气敏感症患者。由weathersensitivepeople可知空格处所填单词应与sensitive意思一致，具有“易受……影响的”意思，故答案D

14.单选题

Bethworkedhardto（）inwiththelocalsduringhervisit.

问题1选项

A.encounter

B.blend

C.merge

D.adapt

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：贝丝在她的访问期间努力地（）当地人中。

encounter遭遇，邂逅，遇到；blend混合，协调，融入；merge合并，使合并，吞，没；adapt适应，改变。

选项Bblendinwith为固定搭配，表示“融入，融合”，符合句意。

15.单选题

Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical______.

问题1选项

A.facilities

B.appliances

C.instruments

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项facility“设施，设备”，指可供使用的设备或设施；B项appliance“器具，器械”，C项instrument“乐器，仪器”，D项equipment“装备，设备”，多指成套的或重型的设备或装备，不光包括电子设备，还包含相关的工具。根据关键词housework“家务”可知，空格部分表示“家用电器”合适，B项最符合语境。句意：今天，家用电器使家务变得容易多了。因此，该题选择B项正确。

16.单选题

Inthepastthreedecadesgreatchanges,especiallythewayyoungeradultsviewmarriage,havetakenplaceinsociety.

问题1选项

A.Inthepastthreedecades

B.especiallythe

C.youngeradults

D.insociety

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】副词误用。especially改为particularly。副词especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。而particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。

17.翻译题

节日,是一年中不同寻常的日子。欢乐、喜庆是节日习俗最为突出的特点。节日习俗中焕然一新的服饰、丰盛的饮食、热烈的庆祝活动以及对于居住环境的装点,都体现了这一精神。从远古时代起,中国人的祖先就创造出多种多样的传统节日习俗,以不同的形式展现出民族的风貌、风姿和风采,并深刻地影响着人们的社会生活,形成了丰富多彩、独具特色的风俗习惯。这些传统的节令习俗,随着社会的发展和生活条件的变化,不断丰富、发展和演变。汉族和中国少数民族的这些传统习俗,是民俗文化中珍贵的活化石,它镌刻在中华各民族子孙的生活中,给我们以多种多样的启迪。

【答案】Festivalsarespecialdaysoftheyear.Joyandjubilationarethemostprominentcharacteristicsoffestivalcustoms.Thisspiritisreflectedinthefestivecustomsofnewclothes,richfood,livelycelebrationsanddecorationsforthelivingenvironment.Sinceancienttimes,theancestorsofChinesepeoplehavecreatedavarietyoftraditionalfestivalcustoms,whichhaveshownthenationalstyle,charmandelegantdemeanorindifferentforms.Allofthesehavehadaprofoundimpactonpeople’ssociallife.Chinesepeoplehavebeenconstantlyenrichinganddevelopingthemwiththeevolvementofsocietiesandimprovementoflivingconditions.ThesetraditionalfestivalsandcustomsoftheHannationalityandotherminoritiesarepricelesslivefossilsoffolkculture,engravedinthedailylifeofeachnationalityandprovidingusallkindsofenlightment.

18.单选题

Rainwaterhasbegunto（

）theroofofmyhouse.

问题1选项

A.transfer

B.penetrate

C.urge

D.ventilate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transfer“转让，转移”；penetrate“渗透，刺入”；urge“催促，推进，鼓励”；ventilate“使通风，使换气”。句意：雨水开始渗透进我房子的屋顶。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

20.单选题

Whenlightilluminatesanobject,partofitisabsorbedandpartreflected;the_______lightnessofanobjectdependsontheproportionoflightthatisreflected.

问题1选项

A.denoted

B.embodied

C.insulated

D.perceived

【答案】D

【解析】denoted指示,表示;embodied所包含的;insulated被隔离的;perceived所察觉到的。句意：当光照射一个物体时,它的一部分被吸收,一部分被反射;被感知的物体的亮度取决于被反射的光的比例。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

【答案】C

【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。

考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful富有成效的，多产的;detrimental有害的，不利的；casual随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。

22.单选题

Nowadaysveryfewpeoplearewillingtobenurses,soIthinkit'sextremelyimportantforustoimprovethe（

）ofthenursingprofession.

问题1选项

A.inquiry

B.status

C.finance

D.dilemma

【答案】B

【解析】inquiry探究，调查，质询;status地位，状态，情形，重要身份；finance财政，金融；dilemma困境，进退两难。句意：现在很少有人愿意做护士，所以我认为提高护理专业的身份地位对我们来说是非常重要的。选项B更符合语境。

23.单选题

Thelossofthe（

）ofhishearingdidn’tstophimfrombeingausefulmemberofthesociety.

问题1选项

A.ability

B.capability

C.power

D.faculty

【答案】A

【解析】句意:听觉能力的丧失阻碍不了他成为一名对社会有用的人。

考查名词辨析。Ability能力,才能（指人先天的或学来的各种能力）;capability才能，能力，，容量（指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜能）;power功率，力量，能力，政权，势力（泛指一切力量或能力等）;faculty科，系，能力，全体教员（指特殊的才能或智力）。由关键词hearing(听力)可知这里指先天能力,故选A。

24.单选题

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

问题1选项

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sapient聪明的，有智慧的；clever机灵的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他们的心智与身体比大部分智人种类运作的还快，使他们显得有些性急或亢奋。只有A项符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人种类“

25.写作题

SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use“LiMing”instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorGoth,

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina.Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor’sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster’sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI’llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

26.单选题

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

问题1选项

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。C选项的thereexist是therebe句型的变形。需认清句中关系词that的先行词是onemovingsoul。因此C选项符合题意。

27.单选题

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

问题1选项

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“同盟，同盟国”；B选项“代表，委派”；C选项“选民”；D选项“陪审团，评委会”；题干中electorate“选民，选区”，句意：英国首相布莱尔向选民承诺，如果不试图赢得联合国的进一步制裁，就不会开枪。因此C选项符合题意。

28.单选题

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Paragraph2statesthat（）.

2.Dr.Yehuda’sstudyfoundthatwomen（）.

3.Onedifferencebetweenthesexesisthatthestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）.

4.Whatisthemeaningof“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line6,Para.5）?

5.Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress

B.womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen

C.womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress

D.menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress

问题2选项

A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D.areexposedtomorestress

问题3选项

A.domesticandtemporary

B.irregularandviolent

C.durableandfrequent

D.trivialandrandom

问题4选项

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

问题5选项

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由原文第二段第一句“Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.”可知，对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应，使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。由此可知，A选项“从生理上来看，女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。B选项表示“女性仍然承受着很多由男性引起的压力”，在原文内容中并未提及，故错误；C选项表示“在应对压力方面，女性比男性更有经验”，属于断章取义，并不能根据第二段得出相关信息；D选项表示“男人和女人在面对压力时表现出不同的倾向”，与原文段落中心思想偏离，故D项也错误。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干询问：Dr.Yehuda研究发现女性……。由原文第三段第一句“Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased‘opportunities’forstress.”可知，女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外，还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。因此，D选项正确，A选