考研考博-英语-宁夏理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theteacher（）theirexercises.

问题1选项

A.madethestudentsdo

B.makethestudentsdoing

C.havemakethestudentsdo

D.makethestudentsdone

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词用法辨析。A选项madethestudentsdo“让学生做”；B选项makethestudentsdoing；C选项havemakethestudentsdo；D选项makethestudentsdone。句意：老师……他们的锻炼。根据句意make的用法为makesth.do，得知A选项正确。

2.单选题

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceived-moretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter,adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflections,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

16.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

17.Accordingtothepassage,employers____.

18.Accordingtothepassage____.

19.Inthewriter’sopinion____.

20.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

问题2选项

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

问题3选项

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

问题4选项

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

问题5选项

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】16.【选项释义】

Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?本文中作者的观点是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他认为，MBA学生太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他认为这个学位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他认为标准是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题询问的是作者的观点。原文第3段第2句提到“对于该程度应包含什么内容，各方意见不一（nounanimity）；也没有公认的认证体系（noagreedsystem）”，由此可知，C选项“他认为标准不一致”表述正确，是作者的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他认为，MBA学生太多了”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“他认为这个学位被高估了”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，该句说到“如今，人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑，尤其是在MBA毕业生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）。”由此可得，这是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴；

D选项“他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑”，同B选项，对该学位价值的怀疑是别人的观点，而非作者的观点，该选项属于张冠李戴。

17.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,employers____.根据文章，雇主____。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.认为成本意识是最重要的资格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的

【考查点】判断推理题。

【解题思路】本题要求选出雇主的观点。D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“面临管理结构萎缩的前景，MBA毕业生们对该学位的价值产生了怀疑”，由此可知，管理结构萎缩，让MBA学位的价值缩水。另外，原文第5段第2句提到，“申请商学院的人会下降（fallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces），也会对MBA产生怀疑（thedoubtaboutMBAs）”，由此推断，雇主们不认为一定要招MBA的学生，D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩，MBA学生将不再是必要的”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询”，可定位到第2段最后一句，该句提到“学术界没有充分认识到企业的需要或雇主可能做出的贡献”，原文并未提到“咨询”雇主需求的问题，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“认为成本意识是最重要的资格”，可定位到原文第4段最后一句，该句提到“最重要的是（aboveall），沟通和领导能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可知，成本意识不是最重要的资格，该选项表述错误；

C选项“比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，该句说到“如今，人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑，尤其是在MBA毕业生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）。”由此可知，毕业生最关心学位的价值，该选项表述错误。

18.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage____.根据文章____。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要学位和沟通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工业管理者不需要写信

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】原文第4段最后两句，此处提到，“培训本身并不能造就成功的管理者（successfulmanagers）。他们需要内在的资质（theinherentqualifications）”，“最重要的是（aboveall），沟通和领导能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可得，C选项“今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“管理者需要学位和沟通能力”，原文是指沟通能力和领导能力，学位不那么重要；

B选项“训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“工业管理者不需要写信”，根据关键词“letters”可定位到第5段第1句，该句提到“一些相对不太识字（unlettered）的人，现在被誉为行业领袖”，原文指的是“不识字”，而不是写信，该选项属于偷换概念。

19.【选项释义】

Inthewriter’sopinion____.作者认为____。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科学增加了竞争

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科学家被低估了

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科学的管理需要重新评估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】A选项“科学增加了竞争”，可定位到本文第6段。本段第3句提到“没有人怀疑，我们需要更多的科学家和创新（morescientistsandinnovation），让我们在竞争日益激烈的（increasinglycompetitive）世界中占据优势（giveusanedge）。”由此可知，作者认为

科学有利于在竞争中占据优势，A选项表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“科学家被低估了”，可定位到原文第6段。本段第4句提到“如果科学家们觉得自己被低估（Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervalued）……”，由此可知，这只是作者的假设，并不是作者的观点，该选项属于过度推理；

C选项“科学的管理需要重新评估”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜”，可定位到原文第6段。本段倒数第2句提到“最重要的是，我们必须确保管理层本身不会对自己的地位沾沾自喜（managementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatus）”，因此，选项表述并非作者观点。

20.【选项释义】

Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?根据文章，哪些信息是正确的？

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多数接受采访的管理人员认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多。

【考查点】判断推理题。

【解题思路】原文第2段提到“几年前被视为成功入场券的东西，如今正受到注重成本的雇主的审视，这些雇主寻求的是‘能做的’而不是‘可能做的’（seek‘can-dos’ratherthan‘might-dos’）”，由此推断，雇主们更看重有经验的人（can-dos），而不是有潜力的人（might-dos），B选项“现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“大多数接受采访的管理人员认为，他们的同事需要更多的培训”，可定位到原文第4段第2句，该句提到“管理学院1992年的调查显示，81%的管理人员认为，如果他们接受更多的培训（iftheyreceived-moretraining），他们个人就会更有效率（theypersonallywouldbemoreeffective）。”由此可知，接受采访的人认为自己需要培训，而没有说他们的同事，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；

C选项“管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句，该句提到“如果正在探索引进高级管理人员资格（theintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification）的管理宪章计划（theManagementCharterInitiative）获得成功。”由此可知，该计划的目的是“探索引进高级管理人员资格”，而不是“MBA课程标准化”，该选项表述错误，属于张冠李戴；

D选项“企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多”，可定位到原文第4段第1句，该句提到“或许，进行大规模投资的公司更明智的做法（wouldhavebeenwiser）是投资于已经存在的、焦虑地坐在自己内部阶梯上的管理人员（investinalreadyexistingmanagers）。”由此可知，企业投资自己的员工更明智，即获益更多，该选项表述错误，属于本末倒置。

3.单选题

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

问题1选项

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hairgrip“发夹”；B选项hairpiece“假发”；C选项hairline“发际线，极细的线，细缝”；D选项hairstyle“发型”。hairlinefracture是一医学术语，“骨裂”，即一种如头发般的单处骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Europeanofficials,though,havealreadywarnedtheywillretaliatebyboostingtariffsonUSgoods,（）arowthathaslastedsixyearsand（）agreementintheGATTinternationaltradetalksinvolving108countries.

问题1选项

A.escalating...blocking

B.toescalate...toblock

C.escalating...blocked

D.escalated...blocking

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据题目的句子结构，可知两个空格中均填入-ing分词作状语，表伴随。escalating“逐步上升”；blocking“阻碍”。句意：不过，欧洲官员已警告称，他们将提高对美国商品的关税作为报复，使持续6年的争端不断升级，并阻碍了有关于108个国家的关贸总协定国际贸易谈判达成协议。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

问题1选项

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要条件

C.criteria判断标准D.measures措施，方法

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由definingmentalillness（定义精神疾病）和agreement（意见）可知，“判断标准”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的医学中，关于定义精神疾病的标准几乎没有一致的意见。

6.单选题

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。impose强加，征税；pitch投掷，倾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，东欧一件明显微不足道的小事让整个欧洲陷入一场大战争中。由insignificantevent与agreatwar可知两者存在联系，即小事件引起大战争，D项符合题意。答案D

7.单选题

Theywereforcedto（）onnecessitiesinordertomaketheirlimitedsupplieslastthelongishwinter.

问题1选项

A.skimp

B.exhaust

C.stingy

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项skimp“克扣，对……不够用心”；B选项exhaust“使精疲力尽，耗尽，彻底探讨”；C选项stingy“吝啬的，小气的，有刺的”；D选项count“总数，数数”。句意：他们被迫在生活必需品上_____，以使有限的物资能够度过漫长的冬天。根据后文说“有限的物资”，可以看出他们的物资缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上锱铢必较”，因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“类似，像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合，因此选项C符合题意。句意：这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

9.单选题

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动辨析。connect“连接”；wind“缠绕”；associate“联系”；suspend“延缓，推迟，使悬浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到演讲者说话。扩音器一般是悬浮在天花板上，故D项正确。

10.单选题

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

问题2选项

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

问题3选项

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

问题4选项

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

问题5选项

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干直接定位到第一段第一句话adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...选项C中的“levy”和“tax”同义复现；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同义复现。因此C为正确答案，其余选项均未体现。

2.推断题。根据题干定位到第二段，第二段第二句话：这已经引起了巨大的反抗，反过来也会导致针对法国的贸易制裁，和选项A相一致，其中选项中的“trigger”和原文的“leadto”同义复现，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同义复现。其余选项均未体现。

3.细节题。根据题干定位到第四段最后一句话：他们都认为国际税收体系并未跟上当前经济形势。选项B“目前的国际税收体系需要升级”是该句话的反义复现。其余选项均为体现。

4.细节题。根据题干定位到第五段最后一句话：对于国际税收体系的未来充满疑虑和选项C相一致。其中选项中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同义复现，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同义复现。

5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的tax是贯穿全文的主旨词；而文章以法国对数字服务征税为起点，全文描写了包括法国在内的其他国家对全球税收系统的担忧，因此选项B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余选项均未能体现文章关键词和全文主旨。

11.问答题

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

12.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的，虚心的”；B选项devoted“忠诚的，全心全意的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项formal“适合正式场合的；正规的”。句意：他总是为自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根据语境，这里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，为自己的工作感到自豪，B选项devoted“忠诚的，全心全意的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

问题1选项

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项gounder“破产，屈服”；B选项gothrough“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fellout“争吵”；D选项fellthrough“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。

15.单选题

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

问题1选项

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

问题2选项

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

问题3选项

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

问题4选项

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

问题5选项

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.th