考研考博-英语-南充职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南充职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据TheSpaceAge（太空时代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

2.单选题

Americanuniversitystudentsareexpectedtoabidebythehonorsystem.

问题1选项

A.support

B.obey

C.understand

D.value

【答案】B

【解析】abideby意为遵守，信守。只有选项B与之意思相近。

3.单选题

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lodgein意为“固定在，留在”；depositin意为“存放，存在”；residein意为“居住，存在于”；blurryto意为“模糊到”；isolatefrom意为“与……隔离”。

句意：如果有异物卡在眼睛内，需要医疗救助。

4.单选题

ItisverystrangebutIhadan（）thattheplanewouldcrash.

问题1选项

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration启发灵感的人（或事物）,灵感;intuition直觉,直觉力；imagination想象力;incentive动机。句意：这很奇怪,但是直觉告诉我这架飞机会坠毁。

5.单选题

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

问题1选项

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形或只用动词原形）知C项“leave”正确。

6.单选题

The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous极好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：过分强调考试是学校里最糟糕的竞争形式。选项D符合句意。

7.翻译题

Whoeverhassofarformedhistaste,astobeabletorelishandfeelthebeautiesofthegreatmasters,hasgoneagreatwayinhisstudy;merelyfromaconscientiousnessofhisrelishoftheright,themindswellswithaninwardpride,andisalmostaspowerfullyaffected,asifithaditselfproducedwhatisadmires.Ourhearts,frequentlywarmedinthismannerbythecontactofthosewhomwewishtoresemble,willundoubtedlycatchsomethingoftheirwayofthinking;andweshallreceiveinourownbosomssomeradiationatleastoftheirfireandsplendor.Thatdisposition,whichissostronginchildren,stillcontinueswithus,ofcatchinginvoluntarilythegeneralairandmannerofthosewithwhomwearemostconversant.

【答案】那些拥有自己品味，并且能够欣赏和领会大师们作品的人，都在他的学习上取得了很大进步；当能够认真品味这些大师的作品时，内心深处的自豪感会油然而生，心灵为之触动，就好像这些作品是自己创作的一样。我们那颗时常会因为和那些自己期望效仿的人接触而感到无比温暖的心，毫无疑问将捕捉大师们的某些思维方式，而且大师们艺术的火花和光芒会在我们的胸中闪烁。我们这种在孩提时代非常强烈的天性会继续伴随我们，使我们不由自主地为与周围接触过的人的神情和举止所感染。

8.单选题

Managerswhoarepermittedtotradeoninsideinformationhavean______toacquireordevelopvalueinformation,whichinvolvesrisks.

问题1选项

A.incentive

B.orientation

C.argument

D.identity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项incentive“动机，刺激”，B项orientation“方向，定向，适应”，C项argument“论证，论据，争吵”，D项identity“身份，同一性，一致”。由arepermittedtotradeoninsideinformation“被允许内幕信息交易”和toacquireordevelopvalueinformation“获取或发展有价值的信息”可知，“动机”符合语境。句意：被允许利用内幕信息进行交易的经理人有获取或开发价值信息的动机，这涉及到风险。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

问题1选项

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺诈,骗子;jargon行话;pledge保证,许诺,抵押;motivation动机。句意：当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候，也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Wewouldjustassoonstayathome（）goforawalk.

问题1选项

A.than

B.but

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。would(just)assoon...as意为“宁愿...也不...”。句意“我们宁愿待在家里也不愿出去散步。”所以选项C正确。

11.单选题

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

问题1选项

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】语法（倒装）题目。空格前一句“Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整个句子的时间状语，而当时间状语位于句首时，主句部分需要使用部分倒装，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenyingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredor_______bytheteacher.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.discounted

C.overestimated

D.verified

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸大,言过其实的;discounted打折的;overestimated过高评价的;verified核实的。句意：无论我们多么重视学校生活,不可否认的事实是孩子们呆在家里的时间比在教室里的时间多。因此,父母的巨大影响是不能被老师忽视或者大打折扣的。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

问题1选项

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的……而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Tworelativelyrecentindependentdevelopmentstandbehindthecurrentmajorresearch

effortonnitrogenfixation,(固氮)theprocessbywhichbacteriasymbioticallyrenderleguminous(豆科的)plantsindependentofnitrogenfertilizer,onedevelopmenthasbeentherapid,sustainedincreaseinthepriceofnitrogenfertilizer.Theotherdevelopmenthasbeentherapidgrowthofknowledgeofandtechnicalsophisticationingeneticengineering.Fertilizerprices,largelytiedtothepriceofnaturalgas，hugeamountsofwhichgointothemanufactureoffertilizer,willcontinuetorepresentanenormousandescalating,economicburdenonmodemagriculture,spurringthesearchforalternativestosynthetic(合成的)fertilizers.Andgeneticengineeringisjustthesortoffundamentalbreakthroughthatopensupprospectsofwhollynovelalternatives.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinsertingintothechromosomes(染色体)ofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.

Nitrogenfixationisaprocessinwhichcertainbacteriauseatmosphericnitrogengas,whichgreenplantcannotdirectlyutilize,toproduceammonia(氨)anitrogencompoundplantscanuse.Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.Theleguminousplantsamongthemcropplantssuchassoybeans,peas,alfalfa,andclover-havesolvedthenitrogensupplyproblembyenteringintoasymbiotic(共生的)relationshipwiththebacterialgenusRhizobium(根瘤菌);asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.

Unfortunatelymostofthemajorfoodcropsincludingmaize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.Onthecontrary,manyofthehigh-yieldinghybrid(杂种的)varietiesofthesefoodcropsbredduringtheGreenRevolutionofthe1960’swereselectedspecificallytogivehighyieldsinresponsetogenerousapplicationsofnitrogenfertilizer.Thisposesanadditionalformidablechallengetoplantgeneticists:theymustworkonenhancingfixationwithintheexistingsymbioses.Unlesstheysucceed,theyieldgainsoftheGreenRevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifthegenesinlegumesthatequipthoseplantstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated,andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes,oncetheyarefound,becomespossible.Theoveralltasklooksforbidding,butthestakesaretoohighnottoundertakeit.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereiscurrentlynostrainofRhizobiumthatcanenterintoasymbiosiswith（

）.

3.ThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingistrueofthebacterialgenusRhizobium?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwasthemostinfluentialfactorinbringingaboutintensifiedresearchonnitrogenfixation?

5.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituationdescribedbytheauthorasoneofnature’sgreatironies.(thesentenceinitalicsinparagraph2)

6.Accordingtothepassage,theultimategoalofthecurrentresearchonnitrogenfixationistodevelop（

）.

7.Theauthorregardstheresearchprogramunderdiscussionas（

）.

8.Mostnearlyparallel,initsfundamentalapproach,totheresearchprogramdescribedinthepassagewouldbeaprogramdesignedto（

）

问题1选项

A.exposethefragilenatureofthefoundationsonwhichthehighyieldofmodemagriculturerest.

B.arguethatgeneticengineeringpromisestoleadtoevenhigheryieldsthanareachievablewithsyntheticfertilizers.

C.arguethatthecapacityfornitrogen-fixingsymbiosesistransferabletononleguminousplants.

D.explainthereasonsforandtheobjectivesofcurrentresearchonnitrogen—fixingsymbioses.

问题2选项

A.alfalfa

B.clover

C.maize

D.peas

问题3选项

A.Rhizobiumbacteriaarefoundprimarilyinnitrogen-depletedsoils.

B.SomestrainsofRhizobiumarenotcapableofenteringintoasymbiosiswithanyplant

C.Rhizobiumbacteriaproducesomeammoniafortheirownpurposes.

D.Rhizobiumbacteriacannotsurviveoutsidetheprotectedhabitatprovidedbyhostplants.

问题4选项

A.thehighyieldoftheGreenRevolution

B.thepersistentupwardsurgeinnaturalgasprices.

C.thevarietyofRhizobiumstrains.

D.themechanizationofmodemagriculture

问题5选项

A.Thatofafarmerwhosecropshavefailedbecausethenormalmidseasonrainsdidnotmaterializeandnopreparationsforirrigationhadbeenmade.

B.Thatofalong——distancerunnerwholosesamarathonracebecauseofawrongturnthatcosthimtwentyseconds.

C.Thatofshipwreckedsailorsatseainalifeboat,withoneflaskofdrinkingwatertoshareamongthem.

D.Thatofamotoristwhorunsoutofgasamerefivemilesfromthenearestgasstation.

问题6选项

A.strainsofRhizobiumthatcanenterintosymbioseswithexistingvarietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonleguumes

B.strainsofRhizobiumthatproducemoreammoniaforleguminoushostplantsthandoanyofthestrainspresentlyknown

C.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatyieldasmuchasdoexistingvarieties,butrequirelessnitrogen

D.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatmaintainanadequatesymbioticrelationshipwithnitrogen-fixingbacteriaandproducehighyield

问题7选项

A.originalandextensivebutill-definedastomethod

B.necessaryandambitiousbutvulnerabletofailure

C.cogentandworthwhilebutseverelyunderfunded

D.prohibitivelyexpensivebutconceptuallyelegant

问题8选项

A.achievegreaterfrostresistanceinfrosttenderfoodplantsbymeansofselectivebreeding,therebyexpandingthoseplantareaofcultivation

B.Achievegreateryieldfromfoodplantsbyinterplantingcropplantsthataremutuallybeneficial.

C.Findinginexpensiveandabundantnaturalsubstancesthatcouldwithoutreducingyields,besubstitutedforexpensivesyntheticfertilizes

D.Changethegeneticmakeupoffoodplantsthatcannotliveinwaterwithhighsalinity,usinggenesfromplantadaptedtoslotwater.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇解释了由于化肥价格上涨以及遗传工程学技术增强，让研究者加大对固氮作用的研究，这是原因。后面紧接着讲到研究的具体内容以及将要实现的目标。所以D选项“解释研究固氮作用的原因以及研究的目标”符合题意。

2.细节判断题。文章第二段末尾处提到“soybeans，peas,alfalfa,andclover”可以与根瘤菌实现共生关系。第三段开始处使用“Unfortunately”表转折，“maize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.”此处的cannot紧着上文的逻辑，指无法和根瘤菌实现共生，所以C选项正确。

3.语义理解题。根据文章第二段末尾“asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.事实上，对于每一种豆类植物而言都存在一种特定的根瘤菌，寄主植物为根瘤菌提供食物以及一个充分保护的栖息处，而作为交换手段，将剩余的氨接过来。这样，豆科植物在氨肥缺失的土壤中仍能茂盛生长。确定B选项“根瘤菌自身创造氨肥”符合题意。A选项作者没有提及根瘤菌最初发现的地点，B项与文章意思相悖，D选项根瘤菌虽然和寄生植物是共生关系，但文章没有提及根瘤菌的细菌离开寄生植物就无法生存。

4.细节判断题。文章第一段提到由于化肥的价格很大程度上和天然气的价格相关，天然气的价格上涨直接导致肥料价格上涨，给现代农业带来了巨额并给不断上升的经济带来负担，直接刺激人们去寻找可替代的合成肥料。而遗传工程学的进步为寻找替代肥料创造了良好的条件。所以B选项“持续上涨的天然气价格”正确。

5.语义理解题。文章第二段提到“Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.这真是大自然最大的讽刺，通常土壤中的氮限制了植物的生长，然而植物的叶子却生活在氮气的海洋中。”其意思是大气是有78%和22%的氧气构成，植物的叶子无法吸收氮气并转化成肥料，却要依靠土壤中十分有限的氮肥。C选项中‘遭遇海难的船员在救生艇上生存，尽管周围就是大海，却只有最后一瓶可饮用的水来维持生存’与文章意思相符，所以正确。

6.文章大意题。全文解释到对固氮作用的研究就是指分析豆科植物现有固氮作用，实现非豆类植物通过改变染色体基因，从而实现固氮作用，提高产量。B,C项与文章意思不符。A项是目标，但是不是最终目标。D选项‘小麦、水稻和其他非豆科植物的品种，与固氮细菌保持着充分的共生关系，产量高’符合题意。

7.作者观点题。文章最后一段末尾处，作者提到整项任务如此艰巨，令人望而生畏。但是收益之高让研究者不惜面对失败要勇于尝试。B选项‘必要且雄心勃勃，但容易失败’符合题意。

8.语义理解题。此题的题意是“根据研究的基本方法，与文中的研究最为相近的是下列哪一个”。根据文章可知，对于固氮作用的研究的基本方法是通过对非豆类植物染色体内注入一个部分不相关联的基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识并被分离，则这些基因则可以宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。D选项“改变粮食作物的基因，使其原本无法在高盐度的水中生存，现在可以适应在蓄水槽中生存。”更接近文意，正确。

15.单选题

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

问题1选项

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:评论家认为从总体上来说，这部电影在表演与摄影方面都表现得很出色。

allatonce突然，忽然。byandby不久以后。tosomeextent在一定程度上，在某种程度上。onthewhole总的来说，大体上。byandlarge大体上，总的来说。故选D。

16.单选题

Please（）yourremarkstothosewhichareimmediatelyrelevanttothematterinhand.

问题1选项

A.restrict

B.enclose

C.confess

D.confine

【答案】D

【解析】句意:涉及到与手边事情直接相关的方面，限制你的发言。

考查动词辨析。。restrict约束，限制；enclose封入，围绕;confess坦白，供认；confine限制，与介词to搭配，构成confinesth.to…限制于…。因此D项正确。

17.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlydeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthe

busycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid“援助，帮助”；amount“总计，合计”；add“增加”；attribute“归属，把……归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Thepartywasexcellent,andI’dliketothankallthe___.

问题1选项

A.concerningpeople

B.peopleconcerning

C.peopleconcerned

D.concernedpeople

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语。concerned是分词形容词，其意为“有关的”（involved）；concerning是由分词转换而成的介词，其意为“关于”（relatingto），结合句意：这个聚会太棒了，我要感谢所有___人。可知本句表达“有关的人”，排除A选项和B选项，concerned通常作后置定语，放在修饰的词之后。因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

问题2选项

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

问题3选项

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

问题4选项

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

问题5选项

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(当然，电视机在早期是非常昂贵的。到1975年，超过60%的美国家庭将拥有两套或更多的电视机，这种想法在当时看来是荒谬的)。因此C项“当时，人们无法想象一个家庭拥有一台以上电视机”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。对第三段引号部分内容的理解可参考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后来，随着孩子们对看电视时间的增加，加上家长们担心看这么多电视可能产生的影响，早期有一个很有影响力的关于电视对孩子影响的研究，其作者不断重复的话让很多家长消除了忧虑)。因此选B项“一些作者想消除家长对于看电视会对孩子产生的负面影响方面的担忧”。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(电视总是会通过进入已经存在的影响模式产生影响：家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化)。因此，此题选A项“技术”。

第4题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通过支配家人在一起的时间，毁掉了每个家庭独一无二的特性)。因此D项“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正确。

第5题:作者意图题。文章主要阐述了现在电视对人类生活产生的影响，如家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化等各个方面，因此C项“阐述”正确。

20.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借给他一些钱，我答应了，但条件是他下星期还钱。

考查短语辨析。onoccasion偶尔，有时；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……条件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有。空格所在句说的是借钱的条件，因此C项正确。

21.单选题

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

问题1选项

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing胜过的,优秀的;commodious宽敞的,方便的;contentious有争议的,诉讼的;judicable应受审判的。句意：事实上,该国表现出相当大的灵活性,在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。选项C符合句意。

22.单选题

W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,Iunderstandthelectures,butIgetmixedupwhenItrytoreadthebook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

问题1选项

A.Hedoesn’treallyunderstandthelectures.

B.Thebookisconfusing.

C.Thelectureisnotveryclear.

D.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.

【答案】B

【解析】根据男士的话“讲课的内容我都理解了，但读书的时候发现又混乱了”可知B选项‘这本书令人困惑。’正确。

23.单选题

Thoughheviewshimselfasarealist,Cetronsayshisfindingsmakehimvery（

）

aboutfuture.

问题1选项

A.optimistic

B.sympathetic

C.objective

D.precautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。optimistic“乐观的”；sympathetic“有同情心的”；objective“客观的”；precautious“警惕的，谨慎的”。句意：尽管认为自己是一个现实主义者，Cetron称他的发现让自己对未来非常乐观。由转折词Though及realist“现实主义者”可知空格处所填单词意思应与realist相反，现实主义者一般对未来不持乐观态度，故选项中“乐观的”正确，答案A

24.单选题

______foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

问题1选项

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子结构。由句子结构可知，therebe句型在此处作独立结构。A选项therebe句型与后半句之间缺少连接词；B选项Havingnorain逻辑关系不正确；C选项和D选项都属于独立主格结构，但使用完成时更能表现因很久未下雨而导致的结果；因此，正确答案是C项。句意：因为长时间没有下雨，地里干枯得很厉害。

25.单选题

Todaywemakeroomforaremarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.We’retoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts—whichmeansthatwe’velostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts—intheotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyou’renotanintrovertyourself,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone.

Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that'sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closetintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeevent—alayoff,anemptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylike―jolts（震惊）themintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts.Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.WelivewithavaluesystemthatIcalltheExtrovertIdeal—theomnipresent（无所不在的）beliefthattheidealselfisgregarious（社交的）,andcomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavorsquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividual―thekindwho’scomfortable“puttinghimselfoutthere.”Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.

Introversion—alongwithitscousinssensitivity,seriousness,andshyness—isnowasecond-classpersonalitytrait,somewherebetweenadisappointmentandapathology（变态）.IntrovertslivingundertheExtrovertIdealarelikewomeninaman’sworld,discountedbecauseofatraitthatgoestothecoreofwhotheyare.Extroversionisanenormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe’veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwemustconform.

TheExtrovertIdealhasbeendocumentedinmanystudies,thoughthisresearchhasneverbeengroupedunderasinglename.Talkativepeople,forexample,areratedassmarter,better-looking,moreinteresting,andmoredesirableasfriends.Velocityofspeechcountsaswellasvolume:werankfasttalkersasmorecompetentandlikablethanslowones.Eventhewordintrovertisstigmatized—oneinformalstudy,bypsychologistLaurieHelgoe,foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegenericintrovertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture.

ButwemakeagravemistaketoembracetheExtrovertIdealsounthinkingly.Someofourgreatestideas,art,andinventions—fromthetheoryofevolutiontovanGogh’ssunflowerstothepersonalcomputer—camefromquietandcerebralpeoplewhoknewhowtotuneintotheirinnerworldsandthetreasurestobefoundthere.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thereexists,asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,adiscrepancybetween（

）.

2.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,oursocietyonlypermits

（

）

tohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion?

5.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha

（

）

note.

问题1选项

A.whatpeoplesaytheycandoandwhattheyactuallycan

B.whatsocietyvaluesandwhatpeoplepretendtobe

C.whatpeopleprofessandwhatstatisticsshow

D.whatpeopleprofessandwhattheyhidefromothers

问题2选项

A.doubtful

B.sociable

C.determined

D.bold

问题3选项

A.theyoung

B.theordinary

C.theartistic

D.therich

问题4选项

A.Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity.

B.Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople.

C.Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient.

D.Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles.

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.warning

C.positive

D.humorous

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts...One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts（我们把自己看作是一个外向的国家……三分之一到一半的美国人是内向的）和第二段中的Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that'sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.（如果这些统计数据让你感到惊讶，那可能是因为太多人假装外向）可知人们宣称的结果与统计的结果存在不一致，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.（典型的外向型倾向于行动而不是沉思，倾向于冒险而不是谨慎，倾向于确定而不是怀疑）可知“怀疑”不是理想的外向者的特质，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的weall