考研考博-英语-天津滨海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津滨海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycomputation.Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir“secretaries”inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.

Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecombusiness,telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician,earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou’vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolationtoknowthatthetelecommfieldisbooming.

Andthat’sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertiseeconomy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations—air-trafficcontroller—demandatleastabachelor’sdegree.

Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma,it’sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what’sleftwillbethejobsthatcomputationcan’tkill:Computerscan’tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer’spatients.But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.

Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat’sreducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschool—withouthavingtositinaclassroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled,andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers.

Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatistics’OccupationalOutlookHandbook,whichisavailableonlineat.

34.FromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintounemploymentEXCEPT（）.

35.Bysaying“...computationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor”(Para.4)theauthormeans（）.

36.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscomputers?

37.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.secretaries

B.stockclerks

C.managers

D.wholesalers

问题2选项

A.peoplearegettingricherandricher

B.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor

C.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlarger

D.it’stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor

问题3选项

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Neutral.

D.Prejudiced

问题4选项

A.BlamingthePC.

B.Theboomingtelecommfield.

C.Internetdistancelearning.

D.Keepingupwithcomputation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】34.推理判断题。定位在第一段Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.（文字处理人员和打字员将在最近几年失去93000个就业职位，57000个秘书的职位将消失。）Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.（股票职员的日子也不好过，其职位预期要减少68000个。）Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.（同时，制造业的雇员和批发商也正在被计算机化的系统所替代。）由此可知，A选项“秘书”，B选项“股票职员”，D选项“批发商”都很容易失业。因此C选项“经理”最不可能失业，符合题意，故选C。

35.推理判断题。定位到第四段But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.（但是，由于大多数人都能胜任这样的职位，工资就会非常低，这就意味着计算机自动化可能会在贫富之间打入一个更深的楔子。）也即是说，计算机自动化可能会造成贫富之间的差距越来越大。因此C选项“贫富差距越来越大”正确，符合题意。A选项“人们越来越富有了”，B选项“贫富差距会减小”，D选项“是时候缩小贫富差距了”，均不符合题意。故选C。

36.观点态度题。这篇文章客观地说明了计算机自动化所造成或将要造成的失业问题，作者对此深表同情，但作者对计算机自动化却还是肯定的。定位到第三段Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertiseeconomy.（服务经济正在衰退；欢迎来到专业经济。）和第四段中的Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.（现在最好的建议是永远不要停止学习，跟上新技术的步伐。）说明在作者眼里计算机自动化是科技的进步，能够催人奋进，努力学习。由此可见作者对计算机持肯定的态度，因此A选项“积极的；肯定的”正确，符合题意。B选项“消极的；否定的”，C选项“中立的”，D选项“怀有偏见的”均不符合题意。故选A。

37.主旨大意题。本文主要围绕“计算机自动化”展开叙述，客观地说明了计算机自动化所造成或将要造成的失业问题，作者对此深表同情，同时也提出忠告：学无止境，跟上新技术不落伍。因此D选项“跟上计算机的使用”正确，符合题意。A选项“责怪电脑”，B选项“蓬勃发展的电信领域”，C选项“网络远程教育”，均不符合题意。故选D。

2.单选题

Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother:andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.

46.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.

47.TheSentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.

48.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat______.

49.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.

50.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.

问题1选项

A.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

B.personaldataassistance

C.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

D.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

问题2选项

A.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

B.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

C.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse

D.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

问题3选项

A.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone

B.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

C.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

D.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

问题4选项

A.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

B.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

C.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

D.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

问题5选项

A.ImprovementinCommunications

B.TheInlineDoctorIsIn

C.ApplicationofTelemedicine

D.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】46.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“远程诊断的基础将是……”。第二段的第二句话提到Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.（然而，越来越多的远程诊断（远程医疗）将基于实际患者的真实生理数据），由此可知，远程诊断的基础是患者的真实生理数据，因此D项“病人真实的生理数据”正确；A项“病人的标准化症状”，第二段第一句话提到Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.（网上医生根据标准化症状提供建议就是最明显的例子），由此可知根据病人标准化症状诊断的是网上医生，而不是远程医疗；B项“个人数据辅助设备”，第二段第三句提到AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（肯塔基大学的一个研究小组已经证明，通过使用现成的PDA（个人数据辅助设备），如掌上电脑和移动电话，通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的），由此可知，个人数据辅助设备是用来传输病人生命体征，只是一种传输途径而已，这与题干的问题没有干系；C项“传输复杂的医学图像”，倒数第二段第二句提到BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（带宽是在世界各地传输复杂医学图像的限制因素，CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一），这里只是提到了带宽限制了传输复杂医学图像，没有提到传输复杂医学图是远程医疗的基础，所以不选。故该题选D。

47.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast这句话的意思是……”。根据题干定位到文章第二段AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.（肯塔基大学的一个研究小组已经证明，通过使用现成的PDA（个人数据辅助设备），如掌上电脑和移动电话，通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有这样的设备，家里是否有医生的要求可能已经成为过去。），由此可知，随着远程医药的应用，医生和病人不需要在同一个地方才能进行医学救治，因此要求医生在现场已经成为了过去式；我们这里的cry表示“需求，要求”。A项“现在人们可能不会问家里有没有医生”符合题意；B项“病人常常哭着问家里有没有医生”和C项“在过去，人们经常哭着问家里有没有医生”中，cry理解错误；D项“病人现在还在问房子里是否有医生”，原文已经提到要求医生在场是过去式了，所以该项错误。故该题选A。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下面所有的陈述都是正确的，除了……”。A项“现在通过电话传送病人的生命体征是可行的”，文中第二段第三句提到itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的），因此A项正确。B项“洪水不在文中提到的灾难之列”，第四段第三句提到Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.（通信卫星可能能够应付诸如地震、战争或饥荒等灾害期间的短期需求），由此可知，文中只是提及了震后，战争和灾荒的应急，确实没有发洪水，因此B项正确。C项“应用远程医疗的趋势是提供医疗数据的全球访问”，第三段最后一句提到Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.（总的来说，趋势是向全球提供医疗数据和专业知识），由此可知C项也正确。D项“许多医疗小组正在使用远程医疗作为灾害应对的一种工具”，根据第三段第二句Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.（至少有一个团队希望将远程医疗作为一种灾难应对工具——尤其是在地震之后）可知，文中只是说有医学小组在尝试这一举动，而非成熟到可以被应用，所以该项错误。故该题选D。

49.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第四段中的‘problem’指的是一个……事实”。根据题干定位到第四段前两句Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（但有一个问题。带宽是在世界各地传输复杂医学图像的限制因素，CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一），由此可知这个问题指的是带宽限制了传输复杂医学图像；所以C项“带宽不足以在全世界传输复杂的医学图像”符合题意；A项“没有足够的移动电话来分发医疗情报”没有提到；B项“CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一”，这只是带宽的限制性因素之一，不够全面，所以B项不选；D项“通信卫星只能应付灾害期间的短期需求”，这只是讲述现在的实际情况，而不是问题，所以该项不选。故该题选C。

50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题会是……”。全文讲述的主要是远程医疗将取代过去医生和病人必须同时在场的方式成为新的保健医疗的方式，并介绍了远程医疗的具体应用和前景；因此C项“远程医疗的应用”符合题意。A项“改善通信”，这只是远程医疗应用的一部分；所以不选；B项“在线医生”，文章不是讨论在线医生，所以不选；D项“如何远程诊断”，这也只是远程医疗应用的一部分，比较片面，故不选。因此，该题选C。

3.单选题

ThelegendofPaulRevere'smidnightridethroughtheMassachusettscountrysidein1775isknowntomostAmericans,youngandold.Asthestorygoes,PaulReverewasasilversmithinBostonatthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.WhenhelearnedthattheBritisharmyplannedtoattackthetownsandvillagesofMiddlesexCounty,farmhouseandvillagehall,towarnthelocalrevolutionarysoldiersoftheplannedattack.Becauseofhiswarning(accordingtolegend)thestrugglingAmericancolonieswereabletodefeattheBritishinanimportantbattle.

OnereasonforthepopularityofthelegendmaybethepublicityithasreceivedthroughHenryWadsworthLongfellow'scommemorativepoem,PaulRevere’sRide.Longfellowwrotethepoemin1861andithassincethenbecomeoneofthemostwell-knownandwell-lovedpoemsinthecountry.Thepoemcertainlycapturesthesenseofdangerandexcitement,metwithcourageandingenuitywhichmanyAmericansassociatewiththeAmericanRevolution.Itiseasytounderstandwhythepoemevokessuchalargeaudience.

However,Longfellow'spoemcontainsanumberofhistoricalerrors.AccordingtoLongfellow'spoem,PaulRevereinstructedafriendtowatchthemovementoftheBritishtroopsanddeterminewhethertheymarchedinlandortowardstheirboats.ThefriendwasthentohanglanternsinthetoweroftheOldChurchinBoston:onelanterniftheBritishmarchedbylandandtwolanternsiftheymarchedbysea.Theexpression"oneifbylandandtwoifbysea,"takenfromLongfellow'spoem,hasbecomeverypopularandisoftenquoted.Butthisideacontainstwoinaccuracies.First,thelanternswerehunginthetoweroftheOldChristChurch,nottheOldNorthChurch,whichisinacompletelydifferentpartofBostonandwouldnothavebeenvisiblefromPaulRevere'slookoutpoint.Second,Longfellowconfusedthemeaningofthenumberoflanternstobehung:theactualarrangementwas"twoifbylandandoneifbysea.”

NotallofLongfellow'shistoricalmistakesaresominor.ItseemsasthoughLongfellowchosetoemphasizetheideaofoneloneherostrugglingagainstmanyopposingforces,withonlyhisownabilitiestorelyon.Butactually,PaulReverewasonlyoneofthreeridersdelegatedtowarntheRevolutionarysoldiersaboutthecomingattack.

SomepeoplefeelthatLongfellow'serrorsareinsignificant,andthattheidealsofcourageandcunningaretheimportantfeaturesofboththepoemandthehistoricaleventswhichinspiredit.Butothersfeelthat,whileitprobablymakeslittledifferencehowmanylanternswerehungfromwhichchurchtower,thepoem'semphasisonthesolitaryherorunscountertothemostvaluableideainthepoem:theideaofunityandcooperationinthefaceofdanger.Criticsofthepoemraiseanimportantquestion:Longfellow'spoemtellsafamousstory,andtellsitpowerfully—butisittherightstory?

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPaulRevereisTRUE?

2.PaulRevereRODETHROUGHMiddlesexCountybecausehewantedtowarnthelocaltownspeoplethat（）

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisoneofthefactorsthatcontributetothepopularityofthestoryofPaulRevere?

4.Accordingtothearticle,whattheopponentsofLongfellow'spoemreallymean（）

5.ThelanternhungfromthetowerofOldNorthChurch（）

6.TheauthorthinksthatLongfellow'spoem（）

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardLongfellow'spoemis（）

问题1选项

A.PaulReverewasasilversmithinBoston.

B.PaulRevererodeonhorsebackallaloneinMassachusetts.

C.PaulReverewasinstructedtowatchcloselythemovementsoftheBritishtroops.

D.PaulReverewasinstructedtowatchcloselythemovementsoftheBritishpeople.

问题2选项

A.theBritishweregoingtostealtheirsilver

B.theBritisharmywasgoingtoattackthem

C.theBritishweregoingtoplunderthetown

D.theyshouldescapefromtheBritishsoldiersbyseainsteadofrunningawayoverland

问题3选项

A.Longfellow'spoem"PaulRevere'sRide".

B.PaulRevere'scourageandbravery.

C.TheimportanteventoftheAmericanRevolution.

D.Animportantquestionraisedbycriticsofthepoem.

问题4选项

A.areallminor

B.makehispoemunpopular

C.mayconfusepeopleabouttheimportantideasbehindthehistoricaleventsonwhichthepoemisbased

D.showthatLongfellowdidnotcarehowmanyorfromwhichchurchtowerlanternswerehung

问题5选项

A.wasvisiblefromPaulRevere'slookoutpoint

B.indicatedthattheBritishweregoingtoattackbyland

C.isoneofmanyinaccuraciesinLongfellow'spoem

D.indicatedthattheBritishweregoingtoattackbysea

问题6选项

A.hashelpedtopublicizethestoryofPaulRevere

B.containsbothmajorandminorhistoricalinaccuracies

C.mayemphasizethewrongfeaturesofthestory

D.alloftheabove

问题7选项

A.largelysatirical

B.partiallycritical

C.fairlyappreciative

D.veryironical

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“PaulReverewasasilversmithinBoston.”可知选项A正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“helearnedthattheBritisharmyplannedtoattackthetownsandvillagesofMiddlesexCounty,farmhouseandvillagehall.”他（PaulRevere）得知英军计划进攻米德尔塞克斯郡的城镇和村庄、农舍和村堂。选项B符合原文。

第3题:细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“OnereasonforthepopularityofthelegendmaybethepublicityithasreceivedthroughHenryWadsworthLongfellow'scommemorativepoem,PaulRevere,sRide.”传说如此流行的一个原因可能是它通过亨利•沃兹沃斯•朗费罗的纪念诗《骑马飞奔的保罗里维尔》得到了公众的关注。选项A正确。

第4题:细节推断题。根据最后一段的内容，有人认为，这首诗对孤独英雄的强调与诗中最有价值的理念背道而驰：面对危险时团结合作的理念。这首诗的评论家提出了一个重要的问题：朗费罗的诗讲述了一个著名的故事，而且讲述得很有力——但这是正确的故事吗？也就是说这首诗所依据的历史事件背后的重要思想可能会让人们感到困惑。选项C符合原文。

第5题:细节推断题。根据题干关键词“OldNorthChurch”定位到第三段倒数第二句“thelanternswerehunginthetoweroftheOldChristChurch,nottheOldNorthChurch,...”这是对上句“Butthisideacontainstwoinaccuracies.”的举例。所以选项C正确。

第6题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第一句“Onereasonforthepopularity...,PaulRevere’sRide.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第一句“NotallofLongfellow'shistoricalmistakesaresominor.”可知选项B正确；根据第五段的第一句“Somepeople...whichinspiredit.”有些人认为朗费罗的错误不重要，勇敢和狡猾的理想是这首诗的重要特征，也是激发它的历史事件的重要特征。选项C正确。所以本题选D。

第7题:作者态度题。本文前半部分讲述了朗费罗的诗的积极的一面，接下来花了大量的篇幅讲述了诗里的错误，最后一段更是提到怀疑这首诗所依据的历史事件的真实性。文中没有讽刺的意味，而是部分批判，所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

问题1选项

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

问题2选项

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

问题3选项

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题4选项

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

问题5选项

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】56.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）也就是说生物多样性的减少是由于个体家庭数量的激增，因此A选项符合题意。B选项“人类正在威胁许多野生动物”；文章没有提到；C选项“近年来人口一直在减少”，不是原因；D选项“野生动物依赖更多的个体家庭”，无关项。

57.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第六段的第一句话Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在规模更大的家庭中，资源消耗的效率会高得多，因为更多的人分享东西。）因此A选项“大家庭在消耗自然资源方面比小家庭更有效率”正确。B选项“无论是大家庭还是小家庭都需要相同数量的自然资源”；C选项“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D选项“大家庭生活更节俭”都是原文没有提到的。

58.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）可知，小规模家庭的增多，意味着对自然生态的破坏就越多，生物的多样性就会减少，因此D选项“个体家庭的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“当地人不介意保护自然环境”，并没有体现；B选项“当地人应该进一步控制人口的增长”，过度推断；C选项“当地人口的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小规模家庭的增多，错误。

59.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段最后一句话Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（环保人士声称，地球上四分之一到一半的物种可能在下个世纪灭绝。）通过这句话可知，人口的增多，将导致更多的生物物种在下个世纪灭绝。因此D选项“下个世纪将有更多的野生物种灭绝”正确。A选项“下个世纪人们生活水平的下降”；B选项“下个世纪生活环境的恶化”以及C选项“下个世纪更多野生物种的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意题。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）都可以得知研究人员发现小规模家庭的增多，势必会消耗更多的能源，破坏更多的生态平衡，也就导致了生物多样性的减少，因此C选项“地球的生物多样性也与家庭的数量有关”正确。A选项“人口的增长导致了对自然世界更多的破坏”；B选项“动物数量的减少是由于自然界生物多样性的减少”以及“地球的生物多样性依赖于大大小小的家庭的平衡增长”，都不能阐释文章的主题。

5.单选题

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasfactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether,themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth.Theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs（粘膜炎）andconsumptions（肺癌）.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementforthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中风）.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculationpromotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetosixforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentruckssothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthenewmodeexceptspeed.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribethemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept（

）.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut（

）.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat（

）

5.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether.

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeop