考研考博-英语-天津外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.observation观察；监视B.investigation调查；调查研究

C.inspection视察；检查D.examination考试；检查

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，教师实习的学生经常去学校参加培训，培训的内容是forthe____oflessons，由此可以推断出进行教师实习的学生是去本地的学校观察上课。observation指一段时间内仔细观察某人/某事物的行为，尤指为了学习某事物。因此A.observation“观察”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项investigation指对某一情况、犯罪等事实的官方审查，或者是对某一主题或问题的事实进行的科学或学术检查，而本句重点在于去观察当地学校的课程，不属于犯罪等事实，也不属于科学或学术检查；

C选项inspection指对学校、工厂等的正式访问，以检查规章是否被遵守，标准是否可接受，教师实习的学生并不是正式访问，排除；

D选项examination指仔细检查（某事物/某人），尤指检查是否有问题或找出问题的原因，不符合句子语境。

【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。

2.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定词组。beonthesafeside意为“安全可靠，稳妥”。

3.单选题

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“lessensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”

ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue，underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore，ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“lousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.

AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.

Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel，butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.

1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.

2.InParagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.

3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.

5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.

问题1选项

A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel

C.Theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen

D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople

问题2选项

A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth.

B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo

C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment

D.Itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars

问题3选项

A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople

B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit

问题4选项

A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork

C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanbecomelessdependentupontheircarsforinner-citytransportation

D.theonlysolutiontothisproblemistobuildmorehighwaysandmoresubways

问题5选项

A.theinnercitymightimprove

B.themiddleclasswouldmovetothesuburbs

C.publicroadswouldgetworse

D.therewouldstillbeanurgentneedtobuildmorehighways

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。定位到原文第一段中心句ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease…（三位耶鲁大学教授在今晚的小组讨论中一致认为汽车是他们中的一位所说的“这个国家的头号公共卫生敌人”除了污染空气和堵塞城市，汽车还与一半以上的致残事故有关，它们还会引发心脏病……），第一段第一句点名文章主题：汽车对人类和环境造成了伤害。接下来几段围绕这一中心展开，则选D选项“汽车危害环境和人”；A选项“美国人太依赖他们的汽车了”，B选项“美国汽车跑得太快，消耗太多燃料”以及C选项“汽车工业导致了这一切的发生”都是片面内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“lessensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”（生物学教授ArthurW.Galston在谈到汽车的许多这些危险时表示，制造一种燃烧煤油的汽车，“在很大程度上减少烟雾”是可能的。但他对美国人是否愿意放弃开着时速90英里的大型汽车在乡间穿梭表示怀疑。高尔斯顿教授继续说：“美国似乎已经和汽车密不可分——每个家庭至少得有两辆，其中一辆必须是一辆300马力的敞篷车。”“这是我们选择的生活方式吗，因为我们珍惜这些价值?”）可知制造一种燃烧煤油的汽车，“在很大程度上减少烟雾”是可能的，但是从教授后面所说的话可以看到美国人可能不愿意这样做，不愿意为了环境减少用车或者改变一些用车习惯，则选C选项“美国人感觉与汽车的关系比与环境的关系更密切”；A选项“人们对高速汽车比他们的健康更感兴趣”，B选项“燃烧煤油的汽车比燃烧汽油的发动机污染环境更严重”在原文未提及；D选项“每个家庭至少有两辆车是不对的”，教授只是举每个家庭有两辆车的例子来证明自己所暗示的内容：美国人感觉与汽车的关系更密切。因此C选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified”.（对环境保护学教授PaulB.Sears来说，部分原因在于“一个将利润视为最高价值的社会，存在着一种错误的想法，即任何技术上可能的事情都因此在伦理上是正当的”）可知选B选项“技术并不总是对人有好处”，PaulB.Sears教授认为并不是技术上能实现的东西对人就是好的，同时可知A选项错误“科技总是对人有好处”，和原文相悖；C选项“财务利润比技术进步更重要”，D选项“技术进步将提高财政利润”未在文章内提及。因此B选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第五段Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（他接着说，解决办法“不是找到一种危险性较小的燃料，而是一种不同的市内交通系统。由于汽车的使用越来越多，公共交通已经被允许萎缩和退化，因此，如果你不能步行到你想去的地方，你必须在大多数城市有一辆车，”他断言。Dr.Weinerman认为，这反过来又是造成公共道路“动脉硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰败和中产阶级向郊区迁移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman认为目前的市内交通系统不合适，会导致人们更偏向于选择汽车，而这又会造成公共道路“动脉硬化”，解决方法不是找到一种危险性较小的燃料，而是改善目前的公共交通，选C选项“公共交通应该得到改善，这样人们就可以减少在市内交通中对汽车的依赖”，同时可知A选项“必须找到一种比汽油危险小的燃料”错误，B选项“人们应该摆脱他们的汽车，乘公共汽车去上班”逻辑关系错误，根据Dr.Weinerman的话，我们可知目前情况，公共交通不改善的话人们并不愿意摆脱汽车；D选项“解决这个问题的唯一办法是修建更多的高速公路和地铁”属于过度推断。因此C选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第五段This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（Dr.Weinerman认为，这反过来又是造成公共道路“动脉硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰败和中产阶级向郊区迁移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman认为如果公共交通得到改善，市中心的情况会改善，中产阶级可能不会一致向郊区迁移，选A选项“市中心可能会改善”，同时可知B选项“中产阶级将搬到郊区”不符合原文；C选项“公共道路会变得更糟”未在原文中提及；D选项“仍然迫切需要建造更多的高速公路”过度推断，排除。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thebook（）wasnotintheschoollibrary.

问题1选项

A.towhichtheprofessorreferredus

B.towhichtheprofessorreferredtous

C.whichtheprofessorreferredus

D.whichtheprofessorreferredtous

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。当从句谓语动词是不及物动词时，定语从句用介词+连接词引导，refer表示“参考，查阅”的意思时为不及物动词，用法是refersb.tosth.。句意：教授让我们查阅的那本书不在学校图书馆。因此，本题的正确选项是A选项。

5.单选题

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

问题1选项

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此两个原因应该用并列连词and连接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引导第一个原因，后面可用becauseof与其并列。故选D项。句意：地心说在17世纪被抛弃，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因为其他天文学家的观测结果。

6.单选题

Thegreatuseofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings（

）toteachyoutheartoflearning.

问题1选项

A.than

B.ratherthan

C.nor

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。Notsomuch…as表示“不是······而是······”。句意：学校教育的重大作用不是教给你什么而是教给你学习的方法。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

问题1选项

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B项去掉冠词an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

8.单选题

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。compatible意为“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意为“方便的”；consistent意为“与……一致的，相符的”；competent意为“有能力的，能胜任的”。

句意：我认为Johnson在他的新工作上不会成功的，因为他不能胜任那种类型的工作。

9.单选题

The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers.Someinternationalmigrantsarerefugeesorstudents,butthosewiththemostimpactareeconomicmigrants,drawntoplacessuchasLosAngeles,wherethewagesmaybethreetimesgreaterthanthoseinBombay.Thesemigrantstendtobeyoungandwillingtoworkforlowwages.Thoughtraditionallyunskilled,agrowingnumberarehighlyeducated.

Immigrationisnowthemajorcontributortodemographicchangeinmanydevelopedcountries.IntheU.S.,accordingtothelatestU.S.CensusBureauprojection,thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million.WesternEurope’spopulationis42percentgreaterthanthatoftheU.S.,butitsprojectedimmigrationisonlyabouthalfthatoftheU.S.;asaconsequence,theregionexpectedtolose28millionpeopleoverthenext50years.Japan,whichhasclosetozeronetmigration,isprojectedtolose26millionby2050.(DeathswillstartoutrunningbirthsinwestEuropeandJapanaroundthemiddleofthisdecade).

Duringthepastsixyears,theU.S.received27percentoftheworldinternationalmigrants,comparedwith9percentbyGermany,thesecondmostpopulardestination.OnefourthofallmigrantstotheU.S.wenttoCalifornia;favoritecities,inorderofthenumberofforeign-bom,areLosAngeles,NewYorkCity,SanFrancisco,MiamiandChicago.

Internationalmigrantsprimarilycomefromdevelopingcountries,withChinaat14percentandMexicoat8percentbeingthelatestsources.Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees.Mostdevelopingcountrieshadnegativenetmigration.

Inthepastfewyears,Europeancountrywithconsiderableimmigrationhashadareactionagainstforeignwork,accordingtosocialscientistChristopherJencksofHarvardUniversity.SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers.ThusfartheU.S.showsnosignsofreinstitutingtheextremelyrestrictiveImmigration,lawsofthepast,amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor.Indeed,theAFL-CIO,onceanopponentofhighimmigrationquotashasreversepositionandisnowattemptingtoorganizeimmigrant.ThischangeinattitudeamongotherreasonsleadsJenckstoconcludethatasubstantialreversalofthecurrentliberalpoliciesisunlikely.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTexactlydescribetheeconomicmigrants?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.immigrantsintheperiodfrom2000to2050willgrowby（

）.

3.Manyrefugeesmovefromtheirnationstosuchdevelopingcountriesas

（

）.

4.WhathappenedtosomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990s?

5.TheAFL-CIOlikestoorganizeimmigrantsnowbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theytendtobeyoung

B.Manyofthemarehighlyeducated

C.Theyarewillingtoworkforlowwages

D.Theyconstitute2.5%oftheworldpopulation.

问题2选项

A.129million

B.54million

C.75million

D.28million

问题3选项

A.Afghanistan

B.China

C.Mexico

D.Pakistan

问题4选项

A.Theytriedtoattractmiremigrantworkers.

B.Theywantedtodependmoreonforeignworkers.

C.Theymanagedtoorganizeimmigrants.

D.Theyattemptedtosendbackforeignworkers

问题5选项

A.itisanopponentofhighimmigrantquotas

B.itsdevelopmentisdependentonforeignlabor

C.ithasareactionagainstforeignworkers

D.itshowsnosignofreinstitutingimmigrationlaws

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers提到移民的人数占世界人口不到2.5%，所以选项D的描述是不准确的，符合题意。

2.thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million提到美国人口2000到2050年，将增长129million,除去移民的话增长54million，所以移民人数是75million。选项C符合题意。

3.文章倒数第二段Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees提到阿富汗、波斯尼亚、利比里亚和卢旺达的移民主要是难民，选项A符合题意。

4.文章最后一段SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers提到在经济萧条期很多亚洲国家的人被遣返，选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一段amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor提到美国没有制定严格地移民法律，是因为需要外国的劳动力。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Atfirst,the（

）ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

问题1选项

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A选项transaction“办理，处理；业务，交易”；B选项transmission“播送，发射，传送”；C选项transformation“变化，转化”；D选项transition“转变，转换”。句意：起初，远距离传输彩色图片似乎是不可能的，但随着人们的艰苦努力和花费的巨大的代价，它终于变成了现实。结合句意，表示传输彩色图片，故B选项正确。

11.单选题

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饥荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance细微差别

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。划线词misfortune意为“厄运；不幸”。因此A选项与之意思相近，选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。

12.翻译题

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科学家，多年前转行到工业界，然后担任高级管理职位。

13.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso£groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道没有了欢喜也没了快乐,没有了焦虑也没了恐惧,人们可能很难存活。他们有可能重复伤害自己的行为，却认为这是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因为没有情感的世界里根本不存在奖惩,所以人们无法学习。反之,如果因为做了正确的事情而得到了奖励,那么人们就可能会学习。所以选项A符合原文内容。

3.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社会的经济基础将被摧毁:因为没有任何形式的激励。所以,社会经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”选项B符合原文。

5.根据原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面构造了世界。作为个体，我们会根据自己的情绪来分类物品。由此可见,情感可以帮助我们适应周围的世界，选项D符合原文。

14.单选题

Reading（）themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

问题1选项

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.furnishes

D.qualifies

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。rectifies改正；prolongs延长；furnishes提供；qualifies准予，取得资格。furnish…with提供…;句意：阅读只为心灵提供知识素材，只有思考才能让我们阅读的内容成为我们自己的知识。只有C项符合句意。

15.单选题

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项relevant“相关的；切题的”；D选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：艾滋病是一个全球性的问题，需要一个统一的、全球性的解决办法，而不仅是艾滋病盛行的国家的责任。句意要表达的是“艾滋病盛行的国家”，因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项primary“主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

问题1选项

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。句子中的空格部分做宾语从句中的宾语成分，故可排除D选项；“与……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，无“asthesameas”这种表达；二者的区别为：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A选项和C选项，根据句意：消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。可知B选项正确。

18.单选题

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioF