考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

问题3选项

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

问题4选项

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手，为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢？此句为文章的中心句，体现了文章的中心思想。下文继续提出我们不应该把我们应该拒绝给个人的绝对权力授予任何大多数派的人。可判断出最符合文章的主题与大多数派相关。选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，当绝对命令的权力授予一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时，就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出民主和君主制或贵族统治一样，也可能导致专制统治，选项A符合文意。文章中并没有提及少数人统治比多数人统治更令人满意，并未将二者进行比较，选项B不符合文意。根据第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美国现行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像欧洲人常说的那样，来自于它们的软弱，而是来自于它们压倒一切的力量。可判断出文章并未提及美国需要加强政治制度来免受专制统治。选项C不符合文意。根据文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一种社会力量必须始终凌驾于其他力量之上，但如果这种力量不受任何阻碍，而使其激烈程度得不到缓和，自由就会受到威胁。可判断出虽然在社会中一种力量必须凌驾于其他力量之上，但是权力行使的激烈程度必须受到限制和阻碍，以免使自由受到威胁，所以权力制衡是有必要的。选项D不符合文意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手，为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢？此句为文章的中心句，体现了文章的中心思想。由个人权力推理到大多数派权力的行使，所以作者对话题的探讨是具有逻辑性的。选项C符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到一个拥有绝对权力的个人会滥用权力来冤枉对手，那么拥有权力的大多数人在滥用权力时也应该受到责备。文章第二段继续指出当绝对命令的权力授予给一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时，就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出个人或大多数派统治对专制的防御都不会更好，对应文中提及的美国民主政治中存在的现象，所以作者在本文中在挑战一个普遍的信念。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

IttookMikecourageand（）tolearntolivewithahandicapafterhewasinjuredinacaraccident.

问题1选项

A.endurance

B.tolerance

C.continuation

D.insistence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项endurance“忍耐力;耐久力;”；B选项tolerance“忍受;容忍”；C选项continuation“继续;连续”；D选项insistence“坚决要求;坚持;固执”。句意：迈克在车祸中受伤后，他花了很大的勇气和耐力才学会在残疾的情况下生活。根据关键词“迈克在车祸中受伤后”可知A符合句意。

3.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(温和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】细节题。根据对话可知，Kate敢于在会议上表达自己的想法，很多人也想如此，但因害怕沉默不语。故选B。

4.单选题

Veryoldpeopledoraisemoralproblemsforalmosteveryonewhocomesintocontactwiththem.Theirvalues—thiscan'tberepeatedtoooften—arenotnecessarilyourvalues.Physicalcomfort,cleannessandorderarenecessarilythemostimportantthings.Thesocialservicesfromtimetotimefindthemselvesfacedwithaflatwithdecayingfoodcoveredbysmallworms,andanoldpersonlyingaloneonbed,takingnonoticeoftheworms.Butisitinterferingwithpersonalfreedomtoinsistthattheygotolivewithsomeoftheirrelativessothattheymightbetakenbettercareof?Somesocialworkers,theoneswhoclearuptheworms,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold.

Indeed,theoldcanbeeasilyhurtorharmed.Thebodyislikeacaritneedsmoremechanicalmaintenanceasitgetsolder.Youcancarrythiscomparisonrightthroughtotheprovisionofspareparts.Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresults.Andatwhatpointshouldyouceasetotreattheoldbody?Isitmorallyrighttotrytopushoffdeathbypursuingthedevelopmentofdrugstoexcitetheforgetfuloldmindandtoactivatetheoldbody,knowingthatitisdesignedtodie?Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,becausesolongastheycanseethetechnicalopportunities,theywillfeelboundtogivethematryontheprinciplethatwhilethere'slife,there'shope.

Whenyoutalktotheoldpeople,however,youareforcedtotheconclusionthatwhetherageishappyorunpleasantdependslessonmoneyoronhealththanitdoesonyourabilitytohavefun.

1.ItisimpliedinParagraphonethat（）.

2.Somesocialworkersthinkthat（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,（）.

4.Theword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Theauthorthinksthat（）.

问题1选项

A.veryoldpeopleenjoylivingwiththeirrelatives

B.socialserviceshavenothingtodowithveryoldpeople

C.veryoldpeoplewouldliketolivealonesothattheycanhavemorepersonalfreedom

D.veryoldpeopleareabletokeeptheirroomsveryclean

问题2选项

A.healthandsafetyaremoreimportantthanpersonalfreedom

B.personalfreedomismoreimportantthanhealthandsafety

C.oldpeopleshouldkeeptheirroomsclean

D.oneshouldnottakerisksofdealingwitholdpeople

问题3选项

A.thehumanbodycan'tbecomparedtoacar

B.theolderaperson,themorecareheneeds

C.toomuchemphasishasbeenputonoldpeople'svalues

D.itiseasytoprovidesparepartsforoldpeople

问题4选项

A.theconclusionyouhavecometo

B.yourtalktotheoldpeople

C.whetherageishappyorunpleasant

D.one'smoneyorone'shealth

问题5选项

A.medicaldecisionsfortheoldpeopleshouldbelefttothedoctors

B.oldpeoplecanenjoyahappylifeonlyiftheyareveryrich

C.theopinionthatweshouldtryeverymeanspossibletosaveoldpeopleisdoubtful

D.itisalwaysmorallyrighttotreatoldpeopleandpushoffdeath

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误,选项B在文中没有提及,只有选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段最后一句"Somesocialworkers,...,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold."认为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的,因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容,将人的身体和汽车相比较,汽车需要的是机械保养,而人需要手术进行治疗,不管结果如何如何好,但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是,人能感到疼痛,但车却不会,两者完全没有可比性,所以本题选A。

4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知,"it"指的是上句中的"whetherageishappyorunpleasant"。所以选项C正确。

5.根据第二段的最后一句"Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,..."可知选项A错误;根据最后一段可知选项B错误;根据第二段倒数第二句"Isitmorallyrightto...thatitisdesignedtodie?"明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程,却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想,激活衰老的身体,这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句,说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度,所以选项C正确,选项D错误。

5.单选题

Beingcriticalanddictatorial,thebosswould（）discussionsandignorecommentsnotinagreementswithhis.

问题1选项

A.facilitate

B.illustrate

C.illuminate

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项facilitate“促进、帮助”；B选项illustrate“说明、阐明”；C选项illuminate“说明、照亮”；D选项dominate“控制、支配”，句意为：由于老板的挑剔和独裁，他会主导讨论，忽视与他意见不一致的意见。因此选项D正确。

6.问答题

Directions:Thispanconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,onemeachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.word,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.before→ago

2.Surprised→surprising

3.does→with

4.season→seasonality

5.being→be

6.an→any

7.apparent→apparently

8.to→/

9.on^theotherhand

10.in^thethementalhospital

【解析】1.常用搭配。sevenyearsago表示“几年前”。

2.形容词误用。此处的形容词是修饰“link”，因此，用surprising表示“令人惊讶的，出乎意料的”更符合搭配。

3.固定搭配。aswith和…一样。

4.固定搭配。bemorethan+形容词，表示“很、非常”，相当于very;根据后文的also可知，此处应该是bemorethan+名词，表示“不仅仅是”。因此，将形容词seasonal改成名词seasonality（季节性），即“然而，谋杀不只是季节性的”。

5.固定搭配。belikelytodosth.很可能做什么事。因此,being应该改成动词原形be。

6.限定词误用。any表示“任一”之意，与单数可数名词连用。

7.词性误用。主语是“ourintellectualseasonalcycles”，因此，形容词“apparent”应该改成副词“apparently”，作状语以修饰整句话，表示“显然地’’。

8.语法题。并列的不定式由and和or连接时，为了避免重复，从第二个不定式开始，常省略to.因此，此处应该将propose之前的to省略。

9.固定搭配。ontheotherhand另一方面。

10.冠词遗漏。句中已经有单词admissions表示“进入”之意，因此，后面的状语应该只是表示地点:“在医院里”。因此，此处要加上冠词the。

7.单选题

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,（）.

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

问题2选项

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

问题3选项

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

问题4选项

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

问题5选项

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.（有那么几秒钟，当交易员们认为微软股价下跌、甲骨文股价上涨时，埃里森的股价只比盖茨便宜20万美元。）因此B选项“埃里森比比尔•盖茨身价少20万美元”正确。A选项“埃里森和比尔•盖茨一样富有”不正确，文章讨论的是他们的身价，而不是谁更有钱。C选项“埃里森比比尔•盖茨更富有”，不正确，文章没有给出这个信息；D选项“甲骨文比微软有更多的钱”，根据埃里森的身价没有比尔盖茨高可以推断甲骨文（埃里森的公司）应该是没有微软更有钱的。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.（与盖茨不同的是，他不热衷于慈善事业，更喜欢按自己的方式花钱。）因此C选项“在慈善事业上花的钱不多”正确。A选项“来自一个强大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.（虽然盖茨来自一个强大的家庭，但埃里森仍然不知道他的父亲是谁。）A选项不正确；B选项“有一个贫穷的父亲”，他甚至都不知道自己的父亲是谁，不正确；D选项“出生在加利福尼亚”，后文说他自己驾车去了加利福尼亚，所以可以判断他不是在这里出生的，错误。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).（他有自己的私人空军，一个驻扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞机场的军事风格的机组人员，帮助他驾驶湾流V型喷气式飞机。）因此A选项是他的所有物；同样在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.（一架从意大利进口的马尔切蒂战斗机，以及其他几架飞机，包括给他儿子的一名教练员。）因此B选项也是他的所有物；在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.（他有一辆相对普通的保时捷Boxster，两辆经过特别改装的奔驰和一辆价值90万美元的银色迈凯轮。）因此C选项也是他的所有物；只有D选项是原文没有提到的，因此D选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.（随着夏天的临近，他可能会发现很难抗拒他的游艇——世界上最长的游艇之一“Sakura”和他疯狂的“Sayonara”(日语“再见”)的诱惑。）可以推断出Ellison本人是热衷于游艇运动的，因此C选项“埃里森热衷于游艇运动”正确。A选项“埃里森缺乏冷静的特质”，文章并没有给出明确表示；B选项“埃里森不喜欢日本文化”，在第三段的最后一句话Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.（出于对日本文化最了解的原因，埃里森痴迷于日本文化。），因此B选项错误；D选项“埃里森的业务从一开始就进展顺利”，一开始的时候他的公司几近崩溃，是后来挺过来了才蒸蒸日上，因此D选项错误。

5.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第五段的最后一句话Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.（甲骨文的软件在互联网上比盖茨的Windows系统更友好，这是该公司最近股价上涨的一个原因。）由此可知，D选项“它的软件比微软在互联网上更友好”正确。A选项“它的股价相当高”原文没有提到；B选项“他比微软有更多的员工”，文章没有说这个是优势；C选项“它是最大的西方公司”，这个是文章没有说到的。

8.单选题

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

问题1选项

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……开始”；settodo表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。

9.单选题

Ms.Fineenthusiasticallyinquiredaboutherson’sdayatschool,butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”

问题1选项

A.terse

B.pithy

C.complacent

D.acquiescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项terse表示“简洁的，精练的，扼要的”，B项pithy表示“有髓的，多髓的，精练的”，C项complacent表示“自满的，得意的，满足的”，D项acquiescent表示“默认的，默许的，甘心接受的”。根据enthusiastically（满腔热情地）以及but转折可知，butherepliedwitha______“prettygood.”应该表示“但是他简短的回答了‘非常好’三个字”。句意：范恩热情地询问儿子在学校的日子怎么样，但他简短地回答说：“非常好。”因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.翻译题

参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。

【答案】Toparticipateandtowin—thatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtodefythestrong,andthestrongstrivingforeverbetterperformance.Everbetter—theidealalwaysluringasportsmanforward.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitorscanavoidbeingdefeated—eventhebestisboundtobesurpassedbysomeonestillstronger.Thousandsofloserssetoffonevictorwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.Thisistheruleofsports.However,undauntedbytheinevitablefailure,heisalwaysstrivingtodothebesthecan.

11.单选题

ForitsfirstLondontour,Moscow’sSovrenmenniktheatercompany（）offwiththeplayitwasfirstallowedtostageaftercensorshipwaseasedinthecountry.

问题1选项

A.turned

B.kicked

C.made

D.switched

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。turnoff“关闭”；kickoff“开始干某事”；madeoff“逃走”；switchoff“关掉”。句意：在审查制度放松后，第一次伦敦巡演，莫斯科苏维瑞门尼克剧院第一次开始被允许在舞台上表演。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项prone“有…倾向的”；C选项provocative“刺激的，挑拨的，气人的”；D选项promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演讲很气人，引起了许多愤怒的评论。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

问题3选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

问题4选项

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。根据第一段的内容可知第一句为本段的中心句。作者列举McKendrick和Plumb是为了说明他们做了相关的研究发现了人们对奢侈商品和服务需求的增加。所以选项C正确。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有实际消费者写的相关私人资料才能让人精确掌握"他想要什么"。选项B符合原文。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了劳动人民对资本主义消费方式的抵抗情绪。所以选项D敌对的，符合原文。

第4题:信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要就“消费者为什么变得那么急于购物”的原因展开，作者提到两个原因但给出了自己的质疑，随后给出自己的见解，即作者认为人们喜爱购物是一种自我满足的形式。所以选项B正确。

第5题:信息推断题。题干中的"thecontemporaryworld"与最后一段中的"ourownworld"同义。所以根据最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世纪英国对那些有用的琐碎商品及服务的不知足预示了我们目前这个世界的特征。所以选项D共同点在于他们对不同商品的强烈追求，符合原文。

14.单选题

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。此处考查的是动词过去分词形式作为形容词使用的词义，A选项owned“自身拥有的”；B选项sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C选项wrecked“失事的”；D选项submitted“屈服的”。句意：这艘船在牙买加附近的风暴中……。“风暴”与“船”联系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C选项正确。

15.单选题

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PaleolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumup