考研考博-英语-天津渤海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津渤海职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacheristryingtotargettheactivitiessotheyareappropriate,allowingthestudentstodiscoverforthemselveswaysinwhichtheactivityhelpsachievetheirlanguagetarget.Makingactivitiesappropriateisthekey,meaningthatstudentsshouldbeabletoquicklyrealizethattheycanvaryandextendwhattheyaredoing—thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.

1.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorhasmostprobablytalkedaboutpreviously,accordingtothepassage?

2.Whenteachersarementionedtoactasafacilitator,theyshouldbeacting（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkthatthewriterwillagreeto?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothewriterofthispassage?

5.Whatdoestheword“transparent”(Para.2,line4)mean?

问题1选项

A.Howtolearnfasterthanothers.

B.Howtodealwithpressure.

C.Whattodowithinterestingsubject.

D.Howtorelaxoneselfwhilestudying.

问题2选项

A.easily

B.familiarly

C.fast

D.helpfully

问题3选项

A.Weshouldnotexertpressureuponourselves,ifpossible.

B.Imposedpressureandself-imposedpressureareappropriate.

C.Imposedpressuremaynotbehelpfulinlearningthings.

D.Adultsaswellaschildrenneedcertainpressurefromoutside.

问题4选项

A.Studentsshouldlearnverballybythemselvesinclass.

B.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofollowexamples.

C.Studentsshouldunderstandallthedemonstrations.

D.Studentsshouldtargettheiractivitiesandachievethem.

问题5选项

A.opaque

B.unmistakable

C.vague

D.questionable

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章首段中“Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself‘UnderPressure’inthewaysmentionedabove.”，中文翻译为：学生负责通过上面提及的方式来让自己处在压力下。可知B选项“如何应对压力”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation”，中文翻译为：老师的主要任务是抓住学生的注意力，帮助确保学习活动是有趣的和提供背景信息。可知，D项“有用地”正确。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段中“Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.”中文翻译为：我猜想，被强加的压力在质量上与自我施加的压力不同，且对成年和儿童学习者都合适的是后者。因此C选项“被强加的压力在学习东西上可能是没有帮助的”正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段中“…thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.”中文翻译为：这个例子是一个起点，不是一个指定的模式，而是一个可行的起点，它向他们（即学生）指明了探索的方向。可以得知B选项“学生应该被鼓励去跟随例子”正确。

5.【试题解析】词汇题。A:opaque“不透明的”；B:unmistakable“透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的”；C:vague“模糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；D:questionable“可疑的；有问题的”。对应原文倒数第一段中“open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoals”，中文翻译为：有着清楚的任务目标的开放式活动。因此可以推测出B选项正确。

2.单选题

______,themoreseverethewintersare.

问题1选项

A.Themoreyougonorth

B.Thefarthernorthyougo

C.Themorenorthyougo

D.Thefartheryougothenorth

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。A选项Themoreyougonorth“去北方的次数越多”；B选项Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”；C选项Themorenorthyougo语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项Thefartheryougothenorth应该是gotothenorth。句意：______，冬天的寒气越重。结合语境，B选项Thefarthernorthyougo“越往北走”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

问题1选项

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项visit“访问，拜访，看望，参观，访问”，指短期行为，更多用于动作，目的性较强；B选项travel“长途旅行，经过（某地区），（非正式）经受得住旅行，（物体，放射线）移动，行进，传送”，强调从某处过到另一处，或者已经完成的旅行；C选项watch“观看，注视，守候，看守”，强调专注地看/注视移动着的物体，如看电视，看球赛等；D选项tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用来形容整个旅行，强调旅行的过程。句意：当他在北京的时候，他把所有的时间都花在参观一些重要的艺术博物馆和建筑上。

4.单选题

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

问题1选项

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。

5.单选题

CriticalandindependentthinkingisavaluedskillamongAmericanacademicsandprofessorswhooftensadlylamentthatmodernstudentslacktheseskills.

问题1选项

A.mournaloud

B.expresssorrowdemonstratively

C.complain

D.regretstrongly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项mournaloud“大声哀悼”；B选项expresssorrowdemonstratively“表达悲伤”；C选项complain“抱怨”；D选项regretstrongly“强烈后悔”。题目中的lament表达的是“遗憾”的意思，所以D“regretstrongly深表遗憾”与题目意思相符。句意：美国专业学者和教授认为批判思维独立思维是一种很有价值的技能，他们通常会因现在的学生缺乏这种能力而伤感遗憾。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.

问题1选项

A.accompanied

B.attended

C.entertained

D.shielded

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴随，通常和介词“by”搭配；attend出席，照顾，照料，通常和介词“to”搭配；entertain娱乐，招待，通常和介词“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介词“from”搭配。

句意：这就是我生病住院时照顾我的护士。只有选项B能和介词“to”搭配，所以正确。

7.单选题

Itis（）thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.

问题1选项

A.allergic

B.amateur

C.annual

D.absurd

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。allergic“对……极讨厌”；amateur“业余的，外行的”；annual“每年的，年度的”；absurd“荒谬的，可笑的”。根据后面提到的“做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少”，可知这种做法是荒谬的，因此选项D符合题意。句意：做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少，这是很荒谬的。

8.单选题

Manyscientistsremain（）aboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

问题1选项

A.skeptical

B.stationary

C.spacious

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical“怀疑的”；stationary“固定的，静止的”；spacious“宽敞的，广阔的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科学家对这个研究项目的价值保持怀疑。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

Althoughisunusualtodenouncemuseum-goersfornotpainting,itisquitecommon,eventopthose,whoareunenthusiasticaboutsports,tocriticizespectatorsforathletic______.

问题1选项

A.snobbery

B.ignorance

C.arrogance

D.inactivity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项snobbery“势利，谄上欺下”，B项ignorance“无知，愚昧”，C项arrogance“自大，傲慢态度”，D项inactivity“不做任何事，不活动”。由quitecommon和even可知，前后两句是对应的，那么根据前面的notpainting对应可知，athletic______也要表示否定，且空格部分表示的是事情，并不是人，所以只有D项符合。句意：尽管谴责艺术馆参观者不挥毫作画这样的事甚为罕见，但是即使对于那些并不怎么热衷于体育活动的人来说，去批评体育观众在体育上的不参与，这样的事却相当普遍。因此，该题选择D项。

10.单选题

Theauthorofthereportiswell____withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.informed

B.acquainted

C.enlightened

D.acknowledged

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.informed（~of/aboutsth）通知；了解B.acquainted（~sbwith）熟悉；了解

C.enlightened启发；阐明D.acknowledged承认；感谢

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“报告的作者”，后接的介词为with，宾语为“医院里的问题”，根据后文“他已经在那里工作多年了”可知，该作者应该是对医院的问题很熟悉、很了解，B选项acquainted“熟悉；了解”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项informed“通知；了解”，与原文介词搭配不当；

C选项enlightened“启发；阐明”，不符合原文语义衔接；

D选项acknowledged“承认；感谢”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】该报告的作者对医院里的问题很熟悉，因为他已经在那里工作多年了。

11.单选题

Nowadaysitismandatorytohaveatleastarudimentaryknowledgeofthenewcellchemistrytobeabletounderstandpracticalmedicaladvancesinfieldsofvirology,cancer,andhereditarydiseases.

问题1选项

A.profound

B.essential

C.multiple

D.elementary

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.profound知识渊博的，理解深刻的B.essential必不可少的，极其重要的

C.multiple数量多的，多种多样的D.elementary初级的，基础的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】rudimentary的意思为“基础的，基本的”，修饰knowledge，指的是要知道新细胞化学的基本知识，elementary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】如今，要想了解病毒学、癌症和遗传疾病等领域的实际医学进展，至少必须掌握新细胞化学的基本知识。

12.单选题

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（）forinformationleadingtorobber’sarrest.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.award

C.compensation

D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reward意为“酬谢，奖赏”，尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢；award尤指因表现出色或成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖状”；compensation尤指因损失而给予的“补偿（赔偿）物，补偿（赔偿）金”；prize尤指在比赛、竞赛中获得的“奖品，奖赏”。句意：警局提供了丰厚的奖赏来奖励那些为抓住罪犯提供线索的人。

13.单选题

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot（

）.Youshouldnotrefertothem.

问题1选项

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】figures数字一般用不准确来形容,句意:那份报告中的统计数字不准确,你不应该参考它们。选项A符合语境。

14.单选题

It’stimeyou（）somereadingortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.

问题1选项

A.gotdownto

B.adaptedto

C.heldonto

D.attendedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项gotdownto“开始认真”；B选项adaptedto“适应于”；C选项heldonto“坚持”；D选项attendedto“注意”。句意：你该认真读书了，否则其他学生就会把你甩在后面。本句表示开始认真读书。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Parksandopenspacesareessentialtothequalityoflifeindense（

）areassuchasNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.agricultural

B.rural

C.suburban

D.urban

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。

句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。

16.单选题

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置,完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

问题2选项

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

问题3选项

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

问题4选项

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

问题5选项

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第二段，“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”，可知无论我们个人多么相信我们能够分辨出正常和异常，这些证据根本就没有说服力。选项B可排除。根据文章四段，“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”，可知提出关于正常和异常的问题并不能质疑某些行为是异常的或奇怪的这一事实。选项C可排除。根据文章最后一段内容可知，人们生活的环境与了解理智的程度有很大关系，选项D可排除。综上，选项A文中未提及。选项A符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据第四段最后一句，“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”，可知但正常与异常、理智与疯狂，以及由此产生的分析调查，可能并不像许多人认为的那样具有实质性。可知them指代前面出现的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity，选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。pejorative“贬损的，贬抑的”；peevish“脾气坏的，易怒的”；depreciatory“贬低的，轻蔑的”；negative“否定的，消极的”；meaningless“无意义的”。句意：越来越多的观点认为，对精神疾病进行心理分类，往好处说是无用的，往坏处说是完全有害的、误导的和贬低的。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”，可知精神病学的诊断并很少告诉病人的情况，而是更多告诉他们所生活的环境。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰与所处的环境存在很大的关系。可推断出下文可能会对这一话题进行进一步的阐述，可能会描述一个将一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的实验。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Evidence,reference,andfootnotesbythethousandtestifytoascrupulousresearcherwhodoesconsiderablejusticetoafullrangeofdifferenttheoreticalandpoliticalpositions.

问题1选项

A.trustworthy

B.intelligent

C.diligent

D.meticulous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“可靠的，信赖的”；B选项“智慧的，聪明的”；C选项“勤勉的，用功的”；D选项“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”；题干中scrupulous“小心的，一丝不苟的”，句意：数以千计的证据、参考文献和脚注证明了一位一丝不苟的研究人员，他对各种不同的理论和政治立场都做出了相当公正的评价。因此D选项最符合题意。

19.单选题

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

问题1选项

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变；fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。

20.单选题

Itisunfortunatethatthemembersofthecommitteedonot（）inopinion.

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.conform

C.comply

D.collaborate

【答案】A

【解析】coincide一致,符合；conform符合,遵照；comply遵守,顺从；collaborate合作。句意：令人遗憾的是,委员会成员没有统一意见。意见一致用coincide。

21.单选题

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

问题3选项

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

问题4选项

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手，为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢？此句为文章的中心句，体现了文章的中心思想。下文继续提出我们不应该把我们应该拒绝给个人的绝对权力授予任何大多数派的人。可判断出最符合文章的主题与大多数派相关。选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，当绝对命令的权力授予一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时，就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出民主和君主制或贵族统治一样，也可能导致专制统治，选项A符合文意。文章中并没有提及少数人统治比多数人统治更令人满意，并未将二者进行比较，选项B不符合文意。根据第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美国现行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像欧洲人常说的那样，来自于它们的软弱，而是来自于它们压倒一切的力量。可判断出文章并未提及美国需要加强政治制度来免受专制统治。选项C不符合文意。根据文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一种社会力量必须始终凌驾于其他力量之上，但如果这种力量不受任何阻碍，而使其激烈程度得不到缓和，自由就会受到威胁。可判断出虽然在社会中一种力量必须凌驾于其他力量之上，但是权力行使的激烈程度必须受到限制和阻碍，以免使自由受到威胁，所以权力制衡是有必要的。选项D不符合文意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手，为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢？此句为文章的中心句，体现了文章的中心思想。由个人权力推理到大多数派权力的行使，所以作者对话题的探讨是具有逻辑性的。选项C符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到一个拥有绝对权力的个人会滥用权力来冤枉对手，那么拥有权力的大多数人在滥用权力时也应该受到责备。文章第二段继续指出当绝对命令的权力授予给一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时，就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出个人或大多数派统治对专制的防御都不会更好，对应文中提及的美国民主政治中存在的现象，所以作者在本文中在挑战一个普遍的信念。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Theaccountant（

）thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfunderraiser.

问题1选项

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。donate捐赠；validate证实，验证；embezzled盗用，挪用；certify证明，保证。句意：那个会计盗用善款几千美元，却表现出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知，前后两句关系为转折，后半句提到“最佳捐赠者”，那么前半句句意应与之相反。故C项符合题意，答案C

23.单选题

Ican’treadthemarksandnotesJimmadeinthemargin.Theyaretoo（

）.

问题1选项

A.faint

B.foggy

C.transparent

D.misty

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。faint意为“微弱的，模糊的”；foggy意为“有雾的”；transparent意为“透明的”；misty意为“多雾的”。

句意：我看不清吉姆在空白处做的记号和笔记。

24.翻译题

不要抛弃学问

有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”我要对你们说：凡是要等到有图书馆才能读书，有了图书馆也不肯读书；凡是等到有了实验室方才做研究，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心就研究一个问题，自然会节衣缩食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。至于时间，更不成问题。达尔文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页，30年可读11万页书，11万页书可以使你成为一个学者了。

【答案】NeverGiveupthePursuitofLearning

Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcomeupagainsttheurgentproblemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhataremarkablemanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishmorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.110000pageswillbequiteenoughtomakealearnedmanofman.

25.写作题

Haveyoueverattemptedtoquestionacademicauthorityinyourlearningandresearchprocess?Whatdoyouthinkaretheappropriateattitudestowardsacademicauthority?Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordstoexplainyouropinionsonthisissue.

【答案】ACriticalAttitudeTowardsAcademicAuthority26.单选题

Thediscrepantinthecompanyaccountsisso（）thatnoauditorcouldhavefailedtonoticeit.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.conspicuous

C.notorious

D.superfluous

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。spontaneous“自发的；无意识的”；conspicuous“显而易见的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；superfluous“多余的；奢侈的”，根据that后面的内容“任何一个审计员都能够发现”可知此处的discrepant“差异”非常明显，所以此处应该使用conspicuous。句意：这个公司账目上的不符非常……，任何一个审计员都能够发现。故正确答案为选项B。

27.单选题

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

问题1选项

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】介词误用。去掉to。make“使得；进行”为使役动词,后面一般跟动词原形。

28.单选题

Sincethe1970s,thesafetyofathleticequipmenthasbeenmonitoredbytheNationalOperatingCommitteeonStandardsforAthleticEquipment.

问题1选项

A.regulated

B.advocated

C.recalled

D.supervised

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。monitor表示“监控”；A项regulate“调节，规定，控制”，B项advocate“提倡，拥护，为……辩护”，C项recall“召回，回想起，记起”，D项supervise“监督，管理，指导”。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，运动器材的安全一直受到国家运动器材标准运行委员会的监控。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。

29.单选题

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Mus