考研考博-英语-天津广播影视职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津广播影视职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

问题1选项

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项flare“闪耀”；B选项glitter“灿烂”；C选项spark“火花”；D选项flash“闪光”。句意：人们会来看看我们现在有多好，我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“昙花一现”。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

ThefirstnavigationallightsintheNewWorldwereprobablylanternshungatharborentrances.ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor.Paidforandmaintainedby“lightdues”leviedonships,theoriginalbeaconwasblownupin1776.Bythentherewereonlyadozenorsotruelighthousesinthecolony.Littleoveracenturylater,therewere700lighthouses.

ThefirstlighterectedontheWestCoastinthe1850sfeaturedthesamebasicNewEnglanddesign:aCapeCoddwellingwiththetowerrisingfromthecenterorstandingcloseby.InNewEnglandandelsewhere,though,lighthousesreflectedavarietyofarchitecturalstyles.SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule.Someweremadeofstoneandbrick,othersofwoodormetal.Somestoodonpilingsorstilts;somewerefastenedtorockwithironrods.Farthersouth,fromMarylandthroughtheFloridaKeys,thecoastwaslowandsandy.Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry.

Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn).Theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon:akeeperand,usuallythekeeper’sfamily.Thekeeper’sessentialtaskwastrimmingthelanternwickinordertomaintainasteady,brightflame.Theearliestkeeperscamefromeverywalkoflife--theywereseamen,farmers,mechanics,roughmillhands—andappointmentswereoftenhandedoutbylocalcustomscommissionersaspoliticalplums.Aftertheadministrationoflighthouseswastakenoverin1852bytheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard,anagencyoftheTreasuryDepartment,thekeepercorpsgraduallybecamehighlyprofessional.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.WhydoestheauthormentiontheMassachusettsBayColony?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatlighthousesintheNortheastdidnotneedhightowersbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,wherecanthetallestbricklighthouseintheUnitedStatesbefound?

5.Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdoestheword“They”referto?

问题1选项

A.TheLighthouseonLittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheLifeofaLighthouseKeeper

C.EarlyLighthousesintheUnitedStates

D.TheModernProfessionofLighthouse-Keeping

问题2选项

A.ItwastheheadquartersoftheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard.

B.Manyofthetallestlighthouseswerebuiltthere.

C.Thefirstlanternwicksweredevelopedthere.

D.ThefirstlighthouseinNorthAmericawasbuiltthere.

问题3选项

A.shiptherehadhighmasts

B.coastalwatersweresafe

C.thecoastwasstraightandunobstructed

D.thelighthousewerebuiltonhighplaces

问题4选项

A.LittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheFloridaKeys

C.CapeHatteras

D.CapeCod

问题5选项

A.Lighthouses

B.Differences

C.Quarters

D.Feature

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule），因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry），因此选项C符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的‘they’指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有别的共同点”（theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

问题1选项

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。

4.单选题

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obtain“获得；流行”；B选项grasp“抓牢，握紧；试图抓住；理解，领悟；毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）”；C选项catch“赶上；抓住；感染；了解”；D选项make“使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住机会”，句中的themostof修饰theopportunities，可视为shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：为了项目的成功，公司应该抓住大部分到手的机会。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?

问题1选项

A.Allhislecturesarewereinteresting.

B.Halftheirsavingsweregone.

C.Manyhisfriendscametotheparty.

D.Bothhissistersarenurses.

【答案】C

【解析】考查限定词。题干：下面哪个句子不正确？

many后面不能直接跟限定词。

6.单选题

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofyourmind.

问题1选项

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项state“状态”；B选项case“案例”；C选项situation“情况”；D选项circumstance“状况”。句意：决定你在考试中表现如何的一个重要因素是你的心态。本句表示思想的状态，只能和state搭配，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

问题1选项

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

问题2选项

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

问题3选项

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

问题4选项

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

问题5选项

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:ruleoftheroad出现在文章的第二段第一句话的后半句，作者在第一段中举了老太太不走人行道过马路这个例子来说明当时的社会风气。作者的观点是要懂得在公共场合体谅他人。选项C符合题意。

第2题:作者对老太太过马路不遵守交通规则持反对态度，认为她只顾自己的绝对自由而不管他人，所以选项B符合题意。

第3题:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指挥交通，这种行为看似侵害到了个人自由，选项C“税务检察院检查某人的账目”与之相似，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第三段第二句话inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到绝对自由的前提是不要妨碍他人的自由，所以选项B符合题意。

第5题:句子位于文章最后一段第一句话，这个句子中的this指代上文提到的不应该妨碍他人的自由，人们很容易忘记这一点，人们容易看到别人的缺陷。作者指出人们都有这个缺点，选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（

）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.haunted

C.dipped

D.submerged

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。twist“缠绕，扭曲”；haunt“（指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）”；dip“浸，泡”；submerge“淹没”。句意：事故发生后好多年死亡和毁灭的景象仍然萦绕于他的脑海中。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Beforetheinterview,eachcandidatehadtohavea（

）medicalexamination.

问题1选项

A.porous

B.vigorous

C.thesaurus

D.rigorous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。porous“能渗透的，有气孔的”；vigorous“精力充沛的”；thesaurus“宝库，辞典”；rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：在面试之前，每个候选人都必须进行严格的体检。D项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

问题1选项

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知句子的主语为Thecentipede，谓语是由and连接的两个并列谓语，has和uses为句子的谓语部分。句意：蜈蚣身体的第一节有毒爪，用来自我保护和杀死猎物。选项D符合题意。

11.翻译题

Readingisnottheonlywaytoacquireknowledgeofprecedingwork.Thereisanotherlargereservoirwhichmaybecalledexperience,andthecollegestudentwillfindthateverycraftsmanhassomethinghecanteachandwillgenerallyteachgladlytoanycollegestudentwhodoesnotlookdownuponthemwithill-concealeddistain.Theinformationfromthesequartersdiffers,fromthatin,textbooksandpaperschieflyinthatitstheoreticalpart—theexplanationsofwhythingshappen—isfrequentlyquitefantastic.Butthedemonstrationandreportofwhathappens,andhowithappens,aresoundevenifthereportsareincompletelyunscientificterms.Presentlythecollegestudentwilllearn,inthiscasealso,whattoacceptandwhattoreject.OneimportantthingforacollegestudenttorememberisthatifAristotecouldtalktothefisherman,socanhe.

Anothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownfromfather,toson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolkore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexplore,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsfromwildweeds.

【答案】阅读并不是获得以前的知识的唯一途径。还有一个大宝库，我们可以称之为经验。大学生会发现，每一个工匠都有他能教的东西，而且如果一个大学生不轻蔑地看待他们，工匠一般都会很乐意去教他们。来自这些方面的信息与教科书和论文中的信息不同，主要在于其理论部分——是对事物发生的原因进行解释——可能常常是相当荒诞的。但是，关于发生了什么以及如何发生的演示和报告却是可靠的，即使这些报告是完全不科学的。现在的大学生也会知道，什么该接受，什么该拒绝。一个大学生要记住的最重要一点就是，如果亚里士多德能和渔夫说话，他也能。

另一个知识来源是从父亲传给儿子或母亲传给女儿的大量传统习俗、古老的乡村习俗和民间传说。所有这些对于一个大学生来说都是很难探索的，因为这里需要很多知识和个人经验来区分好的植物和野生杂草。

12.单选题

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。Thefirstpeople是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C项用的现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，时态不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是发生在过去，与后面“aimedat”过去时保持一致，用see的一般过去式即可，句意：最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线，当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳，因此A正确。

13.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：最近报道了很多案例：孩子们总是以前在电视上见过的暴力行为。modify修改，修饰；duplicate复制，重复；accelerate加速，促进；stimulate刺激。B项duplicate在此可译为“模仿”。

14.单选题

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

问题1选项

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。obsessive强迫性的，着迷的；concessive让步的，妥协的;successive连续的，接替的；excessive过度的。句意：去年我们学校足球队连续赢了四场比赛。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

TheforemostconcernoftheAmericanyoungpeoplein1960’s[A]waswith[B]trainingandfindingajobthatcouldsupport[C]theminthoseunder[D]times.

问题1选项

A.was

B.training

C.them

D.times

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查点】名词的用法。

【解题思路】按照句意，inthoseundertimes应表示“在这个时期”，但time如果表示“时间，时期”时为不可数名词，不能使用复数，因此这里应当将times改为time。

【句意】二十世纪六十年代，美国年轻人最关心的是培训和找到一份工作，以支持他们那个时期的生活。

16.单选题

Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraise

questions.

问题1选项

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】句意：市长被要求（）讲话，以便让他的听众提问。A选项constrain限制；B选项conduct控制，实施；C选项condense压缩，浓缩；D选项converge聚集。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Sinceitwashelduponlybyasinglesteelcable,thechairliftwas（

）tocarryonlytwopeople

问题1选项

A.instructed

B.obliged

C.intended

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。instruct“指导；通知；命令”；oblige“迫使；强制；责成”；intend“打算；想要；意指”；appoint“任命；指定”。句意：由于只有一根钢缆支撑着，这个升降椅被指示一次只能载两个人。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

问题1选项

A.complex

B.complete

C.compact

D.composite

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。complex"复合的,复杂的";complete"完整的,彻底的";compact"紧凑的,简洁的";composite"混合的,综合的"。句意：厨房小而紧凑，残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

问题1选项

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）贴在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的报纸上发表了一份声明以及一份附加在文件上的清单。结合句意，故B为正确答案。

20.单选题

Iran’smoralitypoliceare______onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

问题1选项

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项puttingdown“放下；镇压（暴动，叛乱）”；B选项breakingdown“损坏；分解开”；C选项crackingdown“严加管制，打击”；D选项lookingdown“往下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察正______芭比娃娃的销售，避免他们视为有害的西方文化侵蚀伊斯兰价值观，以此保护公众。根据语境，crackingdown“严加管制，打击”搭配sale“销售”比较合理，意指警察严格管制芭比娃娃的市场销售，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

21.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable,hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes,forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago,howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries,theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（

）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,

（

）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.Mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（为了使解释尽可能简单，假设科学被定义为分类知识）可知选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。根据文章最后一段中的howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell（然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现）及两种科学的定义，可知显微镜属于纯科学，细胞的发现属于应用科学，即纯科学先于应用科学，因此B选项“必然先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，根据不同的目的，科学分为纯科学与应用科学。纯科学是为了满足好奇心，应用科学是将知识用于特殊目的。由题干中的“interestedin”可知属于为了满足好奇心，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries（许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际方面而被指责）可知A选项“从事理论研究的科学家不应被指责忽略其发现的实际方面”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学的目的与定义，以及两种不同科学家研究科学的目的，因此A选项“科学与科学家的本质”符合题意。

22.单选题

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（职位）晋升

C.transfer（工作）调动D.precedence优先

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句从助理教练（assistantcoach）到主教练（headcoaching）是职位的晋升，B选项“（职位）晋升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干扰项排除】

A选项raise“加薪”，原句侧重职位提高，而不是工资的增加；

C选项transfer“（工作）调动”，没有B选项“（职位）晋升”具体；

D选项precedence“优先”，不符合原文逻辑。

【句意】助理教练在短短9个月内晋升为主教练，这是一个惊喜。

23.单选题

Ifwecannot（

）exactlywhatwearesupposedtobemanaging，howcanwemanageit?

问题1选项

A.knockon

B.pindown

C.letgo

D.getover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。knockon“敲击，撞击”；pindown“确定”；letgo“放开，释放”；getover“恢复，解决”。语境为：如果我们无法准确确定有待管理之处，那么我们该如何进行管理？选项B符合句意。

24.单选题

Wewere（）inthemiddleofourconversation.

问题1选项

A.cutoff

B.cutdown

C.cutin

D.cutout

【答案】A

【解析】动词短语。cutoff“中断，切断”；cutdown“砍倒”；cutin“插嘴，插入”；cutout“切掉”。句意：我们在谈话中途中断了。选项A符合题意。

25.单选题

Letusbeginwithtwovignettes.

问题1选项

A.slogans

B.maxims

C.caveats

D.sketches

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slogans口号B.maxims格言；箴言

C.caveats警告；告诫D.sketches幽默短剧，小品；素描

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】vignette是表示“人物特征、局势等的简介；（表演）小品”，四个选项中只有D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】让我们从两个小品开始。

26.单选题

TheusualstatueofApollorepresentshimastheidealGreekhandsome,tallandperfectly（

）.

问题1选项

A.proportion

B.proportional

C.hasproportion

D.isproportioned

【答案】B

【解析】语法（词性）题。分析题干可知，空格与形容词handsome和tall由and连接，并列，并且由副词perfectly修饰，B选项是形容词，跟handsome和tall词性一致，并且可以用副词perfectly修饰，所以正确。

27.单选题

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

问题2选项

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

问题3选项

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

问题4选项

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

问题5选项

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不正确。

28.写作题

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabrie