考研考博-英语-天津公安警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津公安警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（

）

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

问题1选项

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Peoplewithmoretimidpersonalitiesmustbeencouragedto（

）andtogiveorders.

问题1选项

A.getthrough

B.playsafe

C.takecharge

D.standby

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。getthrough“通过，完成”；playsafe“谨慎行事”；takecharge“掌管，负责”；standby“袖手旁观”。句意为：必须鼓励那些更加腼腆的人担起责任并发号施令。选项C符合句意。

3.翻译题

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.

Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

【答案】我们在这个世界上的处境很奇怪。每个人短暂来访，不知原因。不过有时候似乎也会察觉到某种目的。

然而，从日常生活的角度来看，有一样是确定的：人总是为了他人而活着。为了那些重要的人，他们的笑容和幸福是我们快乐的来源。也是为了数不清的陌生人，怜悯之心将我们与他们连系在一起。每天我都会多次意识到，我自己的物质生活和精神生活，在多大程度上是建立在同胞的劳动之上的，他们或活着，或者已经逝去。意识到我必须多么努力地去付出，以回报我所得到的一切。总感觉我从他人的劳动成果中获取太多，为此我经常惴惴不安。

总体上，在我看来，没完没了地思考自己存在的理由和生命的意义是非常愚蠢的行为。然而，每个人都有自己的理想来指引自己的抱负和是非判断。始终在我面前闪耀着，让我深感活着的喜悦的理想是善、美和真理。以舒适和幸福为目的的理想从来不能吸引我。建立在这个基础之上的伦理体系只能适用于一群牲畜。

4.单选题

Wecanhardlyavoidmakinganymistakesinourwork____hardwetry.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.how

C.nomatter

D.however

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。此句为让步状语从句，根据后面的副词hard可以判断，答案只能从B和D选择，D项however=nomatterhow，根据句意：无论我们多么努力，在工作中都会不可避免地犯错误，因此D更合适。

5.单选题

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

问题1选项

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐烂的；恶臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面过夜，它会变质。结合语境，表示牛奶变酸，故选A。

6.单选题

Manyfarmerscametothecity,（

）jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity.

问题1选项

A.lookingfor

B.tolookfor

C.havinglookedfor

D.lookedfor

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。空格要填入的动词短语考查的是非谓语动词的应用。lookfor“追寻，寻找”，选项A现在分词表示动作lookfor与主句的主语之间存在的是主谓关系。选项B动词不定式表示的是目的。选项C表示的是动作已经完成。选项D表示的是动作lookfor与主句的主语之间存在被动关系，不符合句子的意思。句意为：许多农民来到城市，寻找工作和在城市的其他生活的传奇机遇。故正确答案选A。

7.单选题

Theimportanceof（）canneverbeneglectedwhenitcomestofulfillingone’smilitarymissions.

问题1选项

A.popularity

B.peculiarity

C.punctuality

D.potentiality

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”；B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”；C选项punctuality“准时、守时”；D选项potentiality“潜能、潜力”，句意为：在完成军事任务时，守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意，选项C正确。

8.单选题

Thecommunityhealthnurseoftennotesthedevastatingeffectsonfamilymembersasthepatient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.

问题1选项

A.developsgradually

B.deterioratessuddenly

C.recoversultimately

D.recursfrequently

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.developsgradually逐渐发展B.deterioratesuddenly突然恶化

C.recoversultimately最终恢复D.recursfrequently频繁发作

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：社区卫生护士经常注意到，家庭成员会受到毁灭性的影响，当病人的慢性疾病……应该是慢性疾病的慢慢发展会给家庭带来毁灭性影响。划线词组takesitscourse“顺其自然”，也就是病程。因此选Adevelopsgradually“逐渐发展”与划线词词义相似。

【干扰项排除】

B选项deterioratesuddenly突然恶化，不符合划线词词义；

C选项recoversultimately最终恢复，不符合划线词词义；

D选项recursfrequently频繁发作，不符合划线词词义。

【句意】社区保健护士经常注意到病人的慢性疾病的病程对家庭成员的破坏性影响。

9.单选题

Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。

10.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Togoshopping.

B.Togobacktowork.

C.Tochangetheirtopic.

D.Toentertaintheirguests.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Here,youtwoguy,youarefuckingshotagain.It’snotveryentertainingorwise.

M:Yes,thanksforadvisingus.It’stimetoenjoylife.

Q:Whatmightthemendoaccordingly?

【解析】对话中女士说：youarefuckingshotagain，意思是并没有那么有意思。因此男士可能会“改变话题”从而“享受生活”。

11.单选题

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.InreachingthisconclusiontheCourtexaminedthespecifickindsofdutieswhichthelawhadimposedinavarietyofsituationsandderivedtherefromageneralprincipleforthelawofnegligence.

InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.Inthiswayrulesoflawarisewhichlimittherangeofcomplainantsandtheextentoftheirremedy.Therulethatyouaretoloveyourneighborbecomesinlaw,youmustnotinjureyourneighbor;andthelawyer’squestion,whoismyneighbor?receivesarestrictedreply.Youmusttakereasonablecaretoavoidactsoromissionswhichyoucanreasonablyforeseewouldbelikelytoinjureyourneighbor.Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentence,apersoninjuredmaynotbeabletorecoveragainstanegligentactorwhocausedtheharmbecause___.

2.LordAtkinthinksthat___.

3.Inthesenseoftortlaw,aneighborisonewho___.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasoningforthelawofnegligence___.

问题1选项

A.therelacksarelationofcontractbetweenthetwo

B.theydonotknoweachother

C.theactorisnegligent

D.manufacturersdonotoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumer

问题2选项

A.Englishlawdoesnothaveageneralconceptionofdutyofcare

B.theliabilityfornegligenceshouldbestyledasaspeciesof“culpa”

C.theliabilityfornegligenceisbaseduponapublicunderstandingthatoffendersmustpayfortheirwrongdoing

D.everypersoninjuredshouldbegivenarighttodemandrelief

问题3选项

A.livesnextdoortoyou

B.youoweadutyofcare

C.shouldbetakengoodcareof

D.hasfriendlyrelationshipwithyou

问题4选项

A.Thereisadutytotakecareimposedbylaw

B.Thedoerfailedtotakecare

C.Thefailurecauseddamagesorinjurytoothers

D.Thedoerhasforeseentheresult

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.（合同相对性的缺失使一个人无法对给自己造成伤害的过失行为人获得赔偿，无论该过失行为是否构成了对他人的违约）可知选A选项“两者之间缺乏契约关系”；B选项“他们彼此不认识”，C选项“行为人疏忽”第一段未提及；根据第一段第二句TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英国上议院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商确实对最终消费者负有注意义务，不应在制造过程中造成伤害风险）可知D选项“制造商对最终消费者不负有注意义务”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.（过失责任，无论你将其视为“罪犯”的一种，或将其视为其他制度中的一种，无疑是基于公众普遍的道德错误情绪，而犯罪者必须为此付出代价）可知C选项“过失责任的基础是公众认识到违法者必须为他们的过错付出代价”正确；根据第二段开头InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.（用阿特金勋爵的话说：目前我满足于指出，在英国法律中，必须而且是一些关系的一般概念，产生了一种谨慎的义务，书中所发现的特殊情况只是实例）可知A选项“英国法没有注意义务的一般概念”和原文相悖；B选项“过失责任应该被定义为一种‘过失’”原文没有直接说明；第二段Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.（但是，在现实世界中，任何道德准则都不会责难的作为或不作为都不能被视为给予每一个受其伤害的人要求救济的权利）可知D选项“每个受伤的人都应该被赋予要求救济的权利”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.（这样，谁是我的邻舍呢？答案似乎是——那些受到我的行为密切而直接影响的人，当我将我的思想导向被质疑的作为或不作为时，我应该合理地考虑他们是如何受到影响的）可知在侵权法的意义上，邻居是会受到“我”行为密切影响的人，“我”需要考虑他们是如何受到影响，选B选项“你应负注意义务”；A选项“住在你隔壁”，D选项“与你有友好的关系”原文未提及；原文只是说“我”的行为会密切和直接影响邻居，没有要求必须好好照顾邻居，C选项“应该被好好照顾”错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段末TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.（阿特金勋爵的判决推理的基本结构可以说如下：（1）在一系列案件中，法院发现了因疏忽而应承担的责任。（2）在这些案件中，法院确立了谨慎的标准。（3）在这些情况下，我们可以从法律规定的注意义务（注意标准）中推断出来。过失法也适用于这种行为）可知A选项“法律规定有谨慎的义务”，B选项“行事者没有注意”符合原文，同时可知D选项“行为者已经预见了结果”和原文相悖，原文明确提出在一系列案件中，法院发现了因疏忽而应承担的责任；根据第一段TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英国上议院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商确实对最终消费者负有注意义务，不应在制造过程中造成伤害风险）可知造成伤害风险的话是需要承担义务，则为C选项“该故障对他人造成损害或伤害”也属于过失法的理由。因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

问题1选项

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

问题1选项

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

问题2选项

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

问题3选项

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

问题4选项

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻译为：旅游业已经严重损害了脆弱的生态系统。可知A选项正确；文章中没有涉及B选项；由C选项“旅游业阻碍了濒危野生动物产品的繁荣和非法贸易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻译为旅游业助长了贸易蓬勃发展，而通常是非法的贸易，可知C选项错误，与文章意思相反；根据原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻译为：“消费者”不可避免地带来他们的习惯和期望——无论是热水淋浴和冲洗厕所或为高尔夫球手提供浇灌的绿地。可以得知D选项“旅游不可避免地给消费者带来其习惯和期望”是错误的。因此答案为A。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由C选项可以定位到文章“What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.”，中文翻译为：不可否认的是，旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，而且对许多人来说，尤其是在第三世界，这种改变看起来、感觉是退化。因此C选项“旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，尤其是在第三世界”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。可以定位到文章第四段中“AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause‘theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive…’”，中文翻译为：现代旅游的主要权威者之一的瑞士学者JostKrippendorf称，人们旅行，因为“他们不再感到高兴——他们工作的地方，他们住的地方……”。可知D选项“由于不满，他们想逃离他们的生活和工作的地方”是正确的。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中“It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.”，中文翻译为：的确，住在带花园的地方或那些生活在小城镇的人们，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假。可以推测出B选项“生活在小城镇的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正确。

14.单选题

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.

Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosityhewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisgoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailableandthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic?

问题1选项

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

问题2选项

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

问题3选项

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation

问题4选项

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientific.

问题5选项

A.Critical

B.Objective

C.Biased

D.Unclear

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而，许多人认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面)。因此B项“不止一个方面”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词curiosity定位至第三段。A:它赋予了科学家在工作中的信心和乐趣。第三段最后一句指出:Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves(除此之外，他认为自己能够改善现有的条件并享受努力解决相关问题的过程)。由此可见，A项符合原文所述。B:它激发人们对未解之谜的兴趣。该段还指出:hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks(他想要发现宇宙运行的原因和方式)。这里的howandwhytheuniverseworks相当于B项的problemsthatareunexplained，由此可见，B项符合原文所述。C:它引导人们研究(调查)潜在的联系。根据该段中的“hiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他的这种好奇心促使他去探寻事物之间潜藏的联系，即使相关数据显示这些事物之间似乎没有联系)”可知C项也符合原文所述。D:它鼓励科学家寻找新的行为方式。只有D项在原文中找不到相关信息，故本题选D。

第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出:hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable(他不会去接受那些不是基于充分的证据的论断)。因此A项“轻易相信未经检查的陈述”正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。本文采取总—分的结构，先是总述:科学在社会中起着重要作用，然而，许多人都认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同的方面。后面重点讲了科学的第二个方面，即科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，因此C项“科学家思考和行动的方式”是文章重点讨论的。

第5题:观点态度题。此文章为说明文。文章只是客观陈述了许多人认为决定社会进步的两个不同的科学方面，重点介绍了科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，并未掺杂个人观点及情感，故选B项。

15.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。

形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潜在的，可能的;sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。

16.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我们得收回你的签证)，说明女士是一名移民官。

17.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

18.单选题

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualificationsofcharacter;adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflexions,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.No-onedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagement