考研考博-英语-天津中德应用技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津中德应用技术大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.写作题

Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.

【答案】略

2.单选题

Youcan'tcountonhim;he'sliableto____________outwhenthingsbecomedifficult.

问题1选项

A.be

B.let

C.take

D.opt

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。beout“不在家”；letout“泄露”；takeout“取出”；optout“变卦”。句意：你不能指望他，如果事情变得复杂，他有可能会变卦。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

（）he（）asynopsisofastory（）hewouldsummonacrowdofhisfriends

tohishouseandreaditaloudtothem.

问题1选项

A.Nosoonerdid...have...than

B.Assoonas...hadthen

C.Nosoonerdid...have...that

D.Nosooner...had...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他刚有了一个故事的概要，就把一群朋友们叫到家听他朗读。

语法题。考查倒装。“Nosoonerdid（had）...than...”表示“一…就…”。此固定结构引导吋间状语从句，位于句首，需要部分倒装。因此只有A正确。

4.单选题

Hishealth（

）allthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.

问题1选项

A.failed

B.hasfailed

C.wasfailed

D.isfailing

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：如果你不小心点，他可能会连家务都做不了。从从句的时态来看，if引导的是真实的条件句，根据主将从现的原则，从句用的是一般现在时，所以整个句子指的是对将来的一种假设，所以主句要用将来时，所以答案选D，用现在进行时表将来。

5.单选题

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（）.

问题1选项

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier 

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tragedy“悲剧，惨案”；vacuum“真空，空间”；question“问题，疑问”；barrier“障碍”。句意：眼神交流是很重要的，因为错误的交流会导致交流障碍。D项符合题意。

6.单选题

Theheatinsummerisnoless（

）hereinthismountainregion.

问题1选项

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:夏天这个山区一样炎热。

Concentrated集中的;extensive广阔的,广泛的;intense强烈的,多用于形容表达感情或感受的强度;intensive加强的,常用于短时间内为达到某个目的而高强度地做某事。故选C。

7.单选题

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

问题1选项

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aspiration“渴望；抱负”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”；C选项attraction“吸引力；引力”；D选项tenacity“韧性；固执”。句意：买房买车已经成为新一代白领的······，当然还有去国外度假。句中的“买房买车”、“去国外度假”符合“渴望”的内容。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Thescientificmethodisthesystematicpursuitofknowledgeinvolvingtheidentificationofaproblem,thecollectionofrelevantdatathroughobservationandexperimentation,andtheformulationandtestingofhypothesesthataimtosolvetheproblem.Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge.Asscienceandtechnologyhavegrown,thequestioninghasdeepenedandexpanded.

Thisisnottosaythatso-calledscientificevidenceisnotagoodwaytovouchsafetruth.Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower;however,theyarealsousedtochallengetheverysamethings.Andthisiswhereitgetstricky:“Scientific”supportcannowbeelicitedonallsidesofeveryquestion,sothatthepublicisconstantlyforcedtodecidewhichscientiststobelieve.

Wherethenisthevauntedobjectivityofscience?Peoplearerealizingthattheymusteitherdevelopcriteriaonwhichtomakethesedecisions(andtodosoforeachimportantissue)ordecidetodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsandlookforotherwaysofknowing.Incidentally,theseotherwaysaresometimesnolessempiricalthanthescientificones.Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered.

IamremindedofthecommentVirginiaWoolfattributestothetime-travelingcharacterinhernovelOrlando,whomusedassheentersanelevatoratMarshallandSnelgrove’sdepartmentstoreinLondonin1928:“Theveryfabricoflifenow...ismagic.Intheeighteenthcentury,weknewhoweverythingwasdone;buthereIrisethroughtheair;IlistentovoicesinAmerica;Iseemenflying-buthowit’sdone,Ican’teverbegintowonder.Somybeliefinmagicreturns.”

Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves.Asonenotedscientistshasargued:Thescientificcommunityhadleadaparticularlyunexaminedlifeforasurprisinglylongtime,andmayhaveaccepteditsunusualand,untilrecently,unquestionedstatusalittletooeasily.Indeed,inthelast25years,inanefforttoraisefinancialsupportataratenearlytriplethatoftherestofsociety,thescientificcommunitymayhavepromisedtoomuchtoosoon.Certainlyitunderestimatedthedemandforaccountability.”Andhisscientistgoeson:"Inallhumility,itmust...beadmittedthatitisimpossibletocategoricallydenythatwemayhavereachedapointwherewemustabandonthefaiththat[inallcases]knowledgeisbetterthanignorance.Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions.

1.Inlines4-6(“somepeople,knowledge”),theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?

2.Theexamplesinlines9-10('"toothpaste...power9)aregivento（

）.

3.Lines16-18(“Thedecision...bewildered”)serveprimarilyto

（

）.

4.Inthelastsentence,theword“simply”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageasawholeisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Rationalizesabehavior

B.Advocatesacourseofaction

C.Presentsopposingviewpoints

D.Voicesdoubtaboutanapproach

问题2选项

A.criticizethewidespreadacceptanceofcertainproducts

B.mockthegullibilityofthepublicinscientificmatters

C.enumerateanumberofmundaneactivitiesinwhichscientistsareinvolved

D.conveytherangeofissuestowhichscienceisconsideredrelevant

问题3选项

A.correcttheinherentlimitationsofscientificthought

B.decrythelackofscientifictrainingamongthegeneralpublic

C.defendapositionthatmightbechallenged

D.suggesttheoriginsofabranchofscience

问题4选项

A.foolishly

B.directly

C.basically

D.easily

问题5选项

A.explorealternativewaysofunderstandingnaturalphenomenon

B.discussthelackofhumilitythatmanyscientistsdemonstrate

C.challengethefindingsofaparticulargroupofscientists

D.questionthescopeandvalueofscientificunderstanding

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第二句Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge提到科学方法成为了学习自然的方法，有些人认为科学是唯一能解释自然现象的手段，而有的人则质疑科学是不是能够合理获得知识。作者在这里就科学的作用这个问题提出了疑问，选项D符合题意。

2.考察判断推理。文章第二段Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower提到科学方法既可以用来解释像牙膏这种日常生活用品（成分、作用等），也可以用来解释核能。由此可以得知科学方法在某些方面来说上并没有权威性，但是人们却往往被这些所谓的科学解释所吸引，作者对此是持批判态度的。选项A符合题意。

3.考察判断推理。文章第三段最后两句Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered提到不信科学解释不会被嘲笑，因为这些科学信息太多，有的还自相矛盾等，让人们感到困惑。这些都是科学思维的不足之处。选项A符合题意。

4.考察词义。文章最后一段最后一句Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions提到我们仅仅是缺少做精确预测的能力。选项C符合题意。

5.考察作者意图。文章主要讲述了对于认识自然现象有些人认为科学是唯一的方法，而有的人则认为科学不可靠，作者在文章中提到不只普通民众对科学方法感到困惑，科学家有时候也会对自己提出的问题感到质疑（Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves）。由此可推断作者在探索一种更好的方法来解释自然现象。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Allthewindowsofthefactorywereshatteredbytheterribleexplosion.

问题1选项

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.crashed

D.splintered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项smashed“打碎”，指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形；B选项crushed“压碎”，指用力把东西压破或变形；C选项crashed“碰撞”，指摔坏，坠毁；D选项splintered“分裂”，指物品裂开。句意：工厂的所有窗户都被可怕的爆炸震碎了。划线部分shattered是打碎的意思。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Thestudyoflaw,withitsgreatnumberofcases,statutes,andcontracts,canbeatediousprocess.

问题1选项

A.acurious

B.anoverwhelming

C.achallenging

D.atiresome

【答案】D

【解析】句意：学习法律，由于它有大量的案例、法规和合同，可能是一个乏味的过程。tedious意为“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”。tiresome烦人的，无聊的，所以选项D与之意思相近。

11.单选题

Thereissomediscrepancybetweenhisexplanationofthetheoryandyours.

问题1选项

A.distinction

B.discredit

C.disparity

D.disjunction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别”；B选项discredit“怀疑”；C选项disparity“不一致”；D选项disjunction“分离”。句意：他对这个理论的解释和你的不一致。划线部分discrepancy是不一致的意思。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

X.PoliticalScience

Whatdifferencedoesitmakeifmore,orfewer,peoplevote?Whatdifferencewoulditmakeifthestatemakespeoplevote?Thesequestionsarecentralbothtonormativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizensinademocracyandtocontemporarypolicydebatesinavarietyofcountriesoverwhatactionsstatesshouldtaketoencourageelectoralparticipation.Toaddressthem,thispaperfocusesonthephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting—legalrequirementsthatcompelcitizenstoparticipate.Specifically,byfocusingonararecaseofabolishingcompulsoryvotinginVenezuela,weexaminewhethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality.

Ourresultssupportawell-knownpropositionadvancedbyArendLijphartinhis1996presidentialaddresstotheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation.ForLijphart,classbias—“theinequalityofrepresentationandinfluence...notrandomlydistributedbutsystematicallybiasedinfavorofmoreprivilegedcitizens...andagainstlessadvantagedcitizens”—isthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy.Thenormativefoundationofthisargumentisthat,inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenshouldhaveequalweightinelectingrepresentativesanddeterminingpolicy.Lijphartcontendsthat“lowvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout...andunequalparticipationspellsunequalinfluence”,andthatcompulsoryvotingis“thestrongestofalltheinstitutionalfactors”initspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout.

Despiteitsnormativeimportanceandpracticalrelevanceinpolicydebates,rigorousempiricalscrutinyofLijpharf’sclaimhasbeenlimited.Numerousscholarshaveinvestigatedtheimpactofvoterturnoutonvariousoutcomevariables.Mostofthesestudies,however,facemethodologicalshortcomingsbecausetheyarebasedonrelativelysimplecross-sectionalregressionwithoutaconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference,orbecausetheyrelyoninstrumentalvariablesbasedonexogenous“shocks”toturnout(e.g.weatherevents)thatarenotrelevanttohowthelevelofvoterturnoutinfluencedbywhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatoryaffectselectoralandpolicyoutcomes.

Tworecentstudiesaddressthesemethodologicalconcerns.Fowler(2013)estimatesthecausaleffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotinginAustraliaonelectionoutcomesandpensionspending.Similarly,Bechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid(2013)examinetheeffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotingintheSwisscantonofVaudontheresultsoffederalreferendums.Bothstudiesuseanimportantchangeinthevotingruleasleverageforcausalinference,effectivelyexaminingthecounterfactualquestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthatthispaperistodiscuss___.

2.Mr.ArendLijphartholdsthefollowingviewbut___.

3.Theweakpointofthestudiesabouttheimpactofvoterturnoutonvariousoutcomevariablesisthat___.

4.WhichstatementaboutthestudiesofFowlerandBechtel,Hangartner,andSchmidisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.normativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizens

B.policydebatesinavarietyofcountries

C.whethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality

D.thephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting

问题2选项

A.Inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenhaveequalweightinvoting

B.Classbiasisthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy

C.Lowvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout

D.Compulsoryvotinghasitspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout

问题3选项

A.theyarerelativelysimple

B.theyrelyoninstrumentalvariables

C.theydonotdistinguishwhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatory

D.thereisnoconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference

问题4选项

A.Theyarebothpublishedin2013.

B.Theybothexaminedtheinfluenceofcompulsoryvotingonelectionoutcomes.

C.Theyaddressthemethodologicalconcerns.

D.Theybothexaminethequestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Toaddressthem,thispaperfocusesonthephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting—legalrequirementsthatcompelcitizenstoparticipate.Specifically,byfocusingonararecaseofabolishingcompulsoryvotinginVenezuela,weexaminewhethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality.（为了解决这一问题，本文着重研究强制投票现象——强制公民参与的法律要求。具体来说，通过关注委内瑞拉废除强制投票的罕见案例，我们研究强制投票是否减少了收入不平等）可知选C选项“强制投票是否减少了收入不平等”，原文所说的是强制公民参与的法律要求而不是D选项“强制投票现象”；第一段Thesequestionsarecentralbothtonormativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizensinademocracyandtocontemporarypolicydebatesinavarietyofcountriesoverwhatactionsstatesshouldtaketoencourageelectoralparticipation（这些问题是关于民主国家中公民权利和义务的规范辩论的中心，也是各种国家中关于国家应该采取何种行动来鼓励选举参与的当代政策辩论的中心）是为了引出下文，并不是文章讨论的主要内容，A选项“关于公民权利和义务的规范性辩论”错误；B选项“不同国家的政策辩论”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Mr.ArendLijphart”定位到第二段ForLijphart,classbias—“theinequalityofrepresentationandinfluence...notrandomlydistributedbutsystematicallybiasedinfavorofmoreprivilegedcitizens...andagainstlessadvantagedcitizens”—isthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy.（利吉哈特认为，阶级偏见——“代表和影响的不平等……不是随机分布的，而是系统地偏向于更有特权的公民……反对弱势公民”——是民主的核心“未解决的困境”）可知A选项“在民主国家，每个公民的偏好在投票中都有同等的权重”错误，根据原文Thenormativefoundationofthisargumentisthat,inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenshouldhaveequalweightinelectingrepresentativesanddeterminingpolicy.（这一论点的规范基础是，在民主制度中，每个公民的偏好在选举代表和决定政策方面应该有同等的权重）可知A选项是利吉哈特观点的基础，但并不是利吉哈特观点，B选项“阶级偏见是民主的中心‘未解决’的困境”和原文一致；Lijphartcontendsthat“lowvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout...andunequalparticipationspellsunequalinfluence”,andthatcompulsoryvotingis“thestrongestofalltheinstitutionalfactors”initspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout.（利吉哈特认为，“低投票率意味着不平等和社会经济偏见的投票率……不平等的参与意味着不平等的影响”，强制投票是“所有制度因素中最强大的因素”，它有可能弥补投票中阶级偏见的有害影响）可知C选项“低投票率意味着不平等和社会经济偏见的投票率”，D选项“强制投票有它的潜力来补救在投票率中的阶级偏见的有害影响”和原文一致。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到第三段orbecausetheyrelyoninstrumentalvariablesbasedonexogenous“shocks”toturnout(e.g.weatherevents)thatarenotrelevanttohowthelevelofvoterturnoutinfluencedbywhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatoryaffectselectoralandpolicyoutcomes.（或者是因为它们依赖于基于投票率的外生‘冲击’（例如天气事件）的工具变量，而这些工具变量与投票是否为强制性或强制性所影响的投票率水平如何影响选举和政策结果无关）可知选B选项“他们依赖于工具变量”，以及C选项“他们不区分投票是强制性的还是强制性的”错误；第三段Mostofthesestudies,however,facemethodologicalshortcomingsbecausetheyarebasedonrelativelysimplecross-sectionalregressionwithoutaconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference（然而，大多数这些研究都面临着方法论上的缺陷，因为它们是基于相对简单的横断面回归，没有一个令人信服的因果推理识别策略）可知A选项“它们相对简单”错误，不是对各种结果变量影响的研究简单而是研究基于相对简单的横断面回归，D选项“因果推理没有令人信服的识别策略”错误，和原文不符合。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干“FowlerandBechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid”定位到最后一段最后一句Bothstudiesuseanimportantchangeinthevotingruleasleverageforcausalinference,effectivelyexaminingthecounterfactualquestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?（这两项研究都使用了投票规则中的一个重要变化作为因果推理的杠杆，有效地检验了一个反事实的问题：如果没有引入强制投票规则，会发生什么?）可知D选项“他们都研究了这个问题：如果没有引入强制投票规则，会发生什么?”和原文不符；最后一段Fowler(2013)estimatesthecausaleffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotinginAustraliaonelectionoutcomesandpensionspending.Similarly,Bechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid(2013)examinetheeffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotingintheSwisscantonofVaudontheresultsoffederalreferendums.（Fowler（2013）估计了澳大利亚引入强制投票对选举结果和养老金支出的因果影响。类似地，Bechtel,Hangartner和Schmid（2013）研究了瑞士沃州引入强制投票对联邦公投结果的影响）可知A选项“它们都是在2013年出版的”，B选项“他们都考察了强制投票对选举结果的影响”和原文相符；最后一段第一句Tworecentstudiesaddressthesemethodologicalconcerns.（最近的两项研究解决了这些方法论上的问题）可知C选项“它们解决了方法论上的问题”和原文相符。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAItechnology.

B.TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAItechnology.

C.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.

D.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.

问题2选项

A.SimplywritingAIsoftware.

B.Stimulatingandmotivating.

C.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.

D.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.

问题3选项

A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.

B.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.

C.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.

D.Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.

问题4选项

A.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.

B.Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.

C.Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.

D.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:[5]Howdoyoufeelaboutthefutureofartificialintelligence?Personally,Ifeelquiteoptimisticaboutit.

M:[5]AI?I’mnotsooptimisticactually.Infact,it’ssomethingweshouldbeconcernedabout.

W:Well,itwillhelpushumansunderstandourselvesbetter,andwhenwehaveabetterunderstandingofourselves,wecanimprovetheworld.

M:Well,onethingisforsure,technologyisevolvingfasterthanourabilitytounderstandit,andinthefutureAIwillmakejobskindofpointless.

W:[6]Ithinkartificialintelligencewillactuallyhelpcreatenewkindsofjobswhichwouldrequirelessofourtimeandallowustobecenteredoncreativetasks.

M:Idoubtthatverymuch.ProbablythelastjobthatwillremainwouldbewritingAIsoftware.Andtheneventually,AIwilljustwriteitsownsoftware.

W:Atthattime,we’regoingtohavealotofjobswhichnobodywillwanttodo,sowe’llneedartificialintelligencefortherobotstotakecareoftheoldguyslikeus.

M:Idon’tknow.[7]There’sariskthathumancivilizationcouldbereplacedbyasuperiortypeofdigitallife.AIwillbeabletocompletelysimulateapersonineverywaypossible.Infact,somepeoplethinkwe’reinasimulation,rightnow.

W:That’simpossible.Humanscan’tevenmakeamosquito.Computersonlyhavechips.Peoplehavebrains,andthat’swherethewisdomcomesfrom.

M:Onceit’sfullydeveloped,AIwillbecometiredoftryingtocommunicatewithhumans,aswewouldbemuchslowerthinkersincomparison.

W:I’mnotsosure.Acomputerisacomputer,andacomputerisjustatoy.

M:[8]Computerscaneasilycommunicateincrediblyfast,sothecomputerwilljustgetimpatienttalkingtohumans.It’llbebarelygettinganyinformationout.

W:Well,Ibelievethere’sabenevolentfuturewithAI.Ialsothinkyouwatchtoomanysciencefictionfilms.

5.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问从对话中我们可以了解到关于说话人的哪些信息？根据录音原文可知，男士和女士就人工智能的未来展开讨论，并且双方持不同的观点，女士持乐观的态度，男士则与之相反，并且表示担忧。由此可知，B选项“他们对人工智能技术的未来意见不一”正确。A选项“他们都在人工智能技术的不同领域工作”这一信息在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“他们在现代技术方面的认识差别很大”，表述过于宽泛，录音中只提到人工智能领域，并没有涉及其他现代技术，因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们都担心技术的负面影响”，录音中只有男士对此是担忧的，女士是持乐观的态度，因此，D选项不正确。

6.Whatwillnewkindsofjobsbelike,accordingtothewoman?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据女士的说法，新型的工作会是什么样的？女士认为人工智能将有助于创造新型的工作，这些工作将占用人们更少的时间，让人们集中精力去做创造性的工作，C选项“花费的时间更少且专注于创造”与录音原文的意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“仅仅需要编写人工智能软件”不属于女士的观点，因此排除；B选项“有趣又能激励人心的”和D选项“要求更高且需要特殊培训的”在录音原文中均未提及，因此排除。

7.Whatistheriskthemananticipates?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问男士预期会出现的风险是什么？女士提出未来会出现很多没人愿意做的工作，所以需要人工智能机器人来帮我们做。对于这一点，男士表示怀疑，认为这样的话，人类文明可能会被一种先进的数字生活方式所取代，B选项“数字生活可能会取代人类文明”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“可能会有没人愿意做的工作”是女士提出的观点，与男士无关，因此排除；C选项“人类会厌倦彼此交流”，录音中说的是，一旦人工智能发展完善，将会厌倦与人类交流，并不是人类厌倦彼此交流，属于偷换概念。D选项“老年人将只能由没有感情的机器人来照顾”，录音中女士说的是：我们需要人工智能让机器人来照顾我们这些年老的人，选项意思与录音原文不符，并且不属于男士的看法，因此也可排除。

8.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutAItechnology?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问男士对人工智能技术有什么顾虑？在对话的最后，男士说道，计算机很容易就能以惊人的速度进行通信，所以未来计算机与人类交流时，只会失去耐心，这样的话，人类几乎不可能从中获取任何信息。由此可知，男士认为以计算机为依托的人工智能可能在未来超越人类的智慧，没有耐心与人类交流，D选项“它将比人类更聪明”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。A选项“生活会变得像科幻电影”利用录音最后的sciencefictionfilm设置干扰，与原文表述不符，因此排除；B选项“它将彻底夺走人类的工作”，虽然在原文中能找到相关信息，但这只是表面信息，男士的顾虑归根结底还是因为人工智能的发展可能会超越人类的智慧，因此B选项不准确；C选项“人类的大脑将会被植入芯片”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

14.单选题

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

问题2选项

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

问题3选项

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

问题4选项

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

问题5选项

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知从那时起，一些见证者和历史学家试图解释这些复杂革命之间的相互联系。所以是法国革命和美国革命之间的相互联系使学术界分成了两大阵营。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他们的作品都重新阐述了18世纪90年代法国和美国的关系，并且都是通过移民的角度来阐述的。所以他们都从移民的角度对美国革命和法国革命之间的联系进行探索性的解释。选项B符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他们的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因为一些共同的价值观而被统一起来，这些价值观是忽略了民族、宗教、语言和其他各方面的差异的。所以应该选出“忽略”的同义词。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他们认为掌握了共和国的专业知识，他们对于法国同胞来说，将普世理想转化为现实是有帮助的。所以那些“世界性的爱国者”是在法国具有影响力的美国移民。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章结构，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi两人的作品，从两类移民的角度而写出，下文主要讲述Ziesche作品中，美国精英根据在法国的所闻所见而对自己的国家产生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推测下文中会对Harsanyi的“从美国汲取的教训”这本书，从被放逐至美国的法国贵族这一角度出发写出他们对法国的一些思考或希望。因此A选项符合文意。

15.单选题

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

问题1选项

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解