考研考博-英语-四川工商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川工商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thisspecialcommitteewasestablishedforwell-integratedmembersofthesocietyandnotfor（

）individuals.

问题1选项

A.marginal

B.minor

C.eccentric

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Marginal“边缘的，临界的，末端的”；minor“次要的”；eccentric“古怪的，反常的”；distinctive“独特的，与众不同的”。句意：特殊委员会是为了品行优良的社会成员建立的，而不是为那些边缘人士设立。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress

1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

问题1选项

A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP

B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness

C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

D.hadalowopinionofGDP

问题2选项

A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

B.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

C.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

问题3选项

A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator

B.Itissponsoredby163countries.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable

D.Itsresultareenlightening

问题4选项

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue

问题5选项

A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.Klesson

B.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”提到肯尼迪对于GDP的看法，他说一个国家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命变得有价值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是没有意义的。可见他对GDP是持否定态度的。选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段以英国为例来说明GDP数值好并不代表国家的经济好，也不代表国民的生活好，不然为什么会有那么多人支持脱欧（Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?）选项C“GDP作为衡量成功的标准在英国不被广泛认同”符合题意。

3.文章第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion提到最近一项关于各国及其将经济增长转化为福利的能力的年度研究揭示了这个问题。选项D符合题意，“结果具有启发性”。

4.文章倒数第二段再一次提到肯尼迪对GDP的看法，他指的是尽管国内生产总值（GDP）是衡量各国经济活动的最常用方法，但作为衡量标准，这已经不够了。它没有把其他一些重要的因素比如环境质量或教育成果包括进来，由此可以推测选项C符合题意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考虑进来”。

5.文章第一段通过肯尼迪对于GDP的消极观点引出原文，并通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏。接下来通过英国的例子指出GDP好并不代表国家发展好。最后指出这是每一个发达国家需要得到的教训。选项A“英国的教训——高GDP，低幸福”符合题意。

3.单选题

Lestanyone______itstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

问题1选项

A.thought

B.hadthought

C.shouldthink

D.thinking

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thought认为B.hadthought认为

C.shouldthink认为D.thinking认为

【考查点】虚拟语气。

【解题思路】lest表示“以免”，在这表示一种假设的情况，所以要用虚拟语气shoulddo，故空格处要填入shouldthink，该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合虚拟语气用法。

【句意】以免有人大惊小怪，我在此证实事实属实。

4.单选题

Itwouldbe（）tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

问题1选项

A.subtle

B.feeble

C.nasty

D.naive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。subtle“微妙的，精细的”；feeble“微弱的，无力的”；nasty“肮脏的”；naive“天真的”。句意：以为那样便可以解决这个领域所有问题真的是太天真了。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Hisbreakingoftherulessetadangerous（

）.

问题1选项

A.custom

B.precedent

C.practice

D.usage

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他违反了规则,开了一个危险的先例。

考查名词辨析。Custom风俗,习惯,习性,经常光顾;precedent实例,范例;先前出现的事例,前例,先例;practice练习,实行,习惯;usage使用,用法,惯例。因此B符合句意。

6.单选题

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（

）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

问题1选项

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。

句意：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也尝不到它的味道了。选项D符合语境。

7.单选题

（）myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

问题1选项

A.For

B.At

C.In

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配题。onone’sreturn表示“在……回来的时候”。

8.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockages(堵塞)thatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

问题3选项

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofbadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtooneanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。第一段指出:butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule(但是路上的礼貌问题正变得令人恐惧。你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机却是规则的一个例外)。由此可知D项“司机的行为”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。该句意思为:你或许容忍粗鲁且不顾别人的司机，但如今有礼貌的司机却是规则的一个例外。以及前面一句指出:但是路上的礼貌问题正变得令人恐惧。由此可知，C项“如今不礼貌的司机构成了司机中的大多数”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。goodsense本意指“有理智”，可参考第二段:Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors(当遭遇不文明的行为时，需要最冷静且好脾气的司机去抗拒报复的诱惑)。因此B项“司机去理解且合理地反应的能力”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词car-ownershipexplosion定位至最后一段:Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers(多年前，专家们就警告过我们:汽车的持有率的激增会向所有道路使用者要求更多互让)。由此可知A项“司机应该准备去相互让步”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段指出:However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous(然而，不恰当的礼貌也可能是危险的)。由此可推测A项“司机应该恰当地使用道路礼貌”为正确选项。

9.翻译题

现在我们面临健康研究中的四大挑战：道德价值、公平和美德、可持续的健康研究体系、良好的研究环境及知识的产生和应用。为了应对挑战，保健体系和健康研究体系两者应向一个学习和解决问题的模式推进，把创新包括进运作之中，更好地把握未来发展的机遇。没有效果明显的锦囊妙计，没有简单的解决办法，只是有许多事情要去学习。

【答案】Nowwearefacedwithfourkeychallengesforhealthresearch:valuesofethics,equityandexcellence,sustainablehealthresearchsystems,favorableresearchenvironment,andknowledgecreationandapplication.Tocopewithchallenge,healthsystemandhealthresearchsystemstogethershouldmoveintoalearningandproblem-solvingmode,integrateinnovationintotheiroperationsandbettermanageopportunitiesforfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Therearenoquickfixes,nosimplesolutionsandtherearealotofthingsremaintobelearnt.

10.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文学的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscents（）efficiencyandreducestress

amongofficeworkers.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.amplify

C.magnify

D.foster

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。enhance提高；amplify放大；magnify赞美，夸大；foster培养。句意：日本科学家发现，香味能（）办公室工作人员的工作效率并减缓压力。因此A选项符合句意。

12.单选题

（）prohibitedinmanycountries.

问题1选项

A.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimals

B.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimalsis

C.Huntingcertainrareanimalsare

D.Huntingofcertainrareanimalsare

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。选A没有谓语动词可首先排除。根据句意：在许多国家,

捕获稀有动物是被禁止的。这里指的是捕获稀有动物这件事，所以谓语动词应该为单数，不能被前面的animals迷惑，所以本题选B。

13.单选题

Although（wornout）byyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonreluctantlyacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.favored

B.exhausted

C.honored

D.weakened

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。wornout表示“筋疲力尽，疲惫不堪”；A项favor“较喜欢，偏袒，有利于”，B项exhaust“使精疲力尽，耗尽”，C项honor“尊敬”，D项weaken“减少，使变弱，使变淡”。句意：尽管由于多年为国家服务而疲惫不堪，华盛顿还是不情愿地接受了美国总统的职位。因此，根据句意可知B选项正确。

14.翻译题

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。

3.【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。

4.【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。

5.【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。

15.单选题

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

问题1选项

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项remnants“残余；残留物”；B选项remedy“补救；解决办法”；C选项remains“残余物；剩饭菜”；D选项remainder“残余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都离开了，……坐着等。remnants一般是指残余部分、残迹。remains一般是指古迹，遗迹；遗骸等。句中的主语是人，大部分都走了，还有一部分剩下的人坐着等。remainder做名词时侧重于人和钱的剩余。因此D选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

问题1选项

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.present礼物；礼品B.token象征；标志

C.mark污点；污渍D.sign迹象；征兆

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交换了戒指）可推知，交换戒指是爱情的象征，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在婚礼上，新郎和新娘交换了戒指作为他们爱情的象征。

17.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.

B.Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.

C.Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.

D.Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.

问题2选项

A.Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.

B.Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.

C.Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.

D.Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

问题3选项

A.Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.

B.Theydisruptedthenation’ssocialstability.

C.Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.

D.Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Whatisaradical?Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachedtothem.[16]Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,therebymaintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,andmoreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminoritywhoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinWesternsociety.Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen’smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofmanhatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife,whenfacedwithathreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycauseandconsequentlyparticipateintheirownoppression.Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofthestigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolledandintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower.Withoutfearonwhichtofeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.

Tome,[17]aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenorm,whatadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs.Oncloserinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyevolvingandthereforeisnotaconstantentity.Sowhy,then,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreatwhenthisstateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtheriseofthosewhodon’t.

Infact,whenwelookattheword“radical”inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals.Civilrightsactivistswereradicals.Eventhefoundersofourcountry,inthefighttowinindependencefromEngland,wereradicals.Theirpresenceinhistoryhaschangedthewayoursocietyfunctions,mainlybyshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted.Ofcourse,therearesomeradicalswho’vemadeanegativeimpactonhumanity,[18]butundeniably,therewouldsimplybenoprogresswithoutradicals.Thatbeingsaid,nexttimesomeonecallsmearadical,Iwillacceptthatlabelwithpride.

16.Whatusuallyhappenswhenpeopleareaccusedofbeingradical?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问被人指责太过激进时，通常情况下会发生什么？录音提到，指责某个人或某个组织太过激进，常常能够让这个人或这个组织沉默、屈服，A选项“他们倾向于沉默并屈服”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“他们发现为自己辩护很难”，录音中并没有提及被指责者试图为自己辩护，因此可排除；C选项“他们为自己的先锋身份感到自豪”和D选项“他们一定程度上感到受鼓舞”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此也可排除。

17.Whatisthespeaker’sdefinitionofaradical?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话人对“激进分子”的定义是什么？录音中提及说话人认为“激进分子”是反抗常规，提倡改变现状的人。D选项中theexistingsocialorder是录音thenorm的转述，因此D选项“反抗现有社会秩序的人”正确。A选项“提倡暴力以促进改变的人”，录音中并未提及提倡暴力，因此不正确；B选项“追求无休止变化的人”，录音中说的是事情本身是不稳定的和无休止变化的，并没有提及激进分子追求无休止的变化，因此不正确；C选项“为受压迫者的利益而行动的人”，录音中只提到了oppression这个单词，其他信息是没有依据的，因此排除。

18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofmostradicalsintheAmericanhistory?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话人如何看待美国历史上的大部分激进分子？录音中说话人指出：若没有激进者，就没有进步。C选项“他们是促进社会进步的力量”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们试图通过暴力引发社会变革”；B选项“他们扰乱了国家的社会稳定”和D选项“他们对人类的坏处大于好处”均属于负面评价，与说话人的看法不符，因此不选。

18.单选题

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

问题1选项

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语。A选项tookafter“相像，效仿”；B选项tookin“吸收，领会，欺骗”；C选项tookon“承担，呈现，具有”；D选项tookover“接管，借用”。句意：当杰克28岁时，他接管了这个小书店，在五年内发展成了六个连锁店。根据空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，与之可以相对应搭配的短语只有D选项tookover，意为接管了商店。因此D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Ihavetrouble（）thistaskwithinthisweek.

问题1选项

A.infinishing

B.tofinish

C.forfinishing

D.onfinishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。havetroubleindoingsth做某事有麻烦。故A项正确。句意：我有困难在这周内完成这项任务。

20.翻译题

1.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.（PassageOne）

2.Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.（PassageTwo）

3.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers'attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.（PassageThree）

4.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.（PassageFour）

5.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（PassageFive）

【答案】1.《教孩子如何思考》一书讲述了如何提高孩子的洞察力，透彻理解话语的含义以及探讨话语的不同意图。

2.想办法获得更多更好的睡眠是一个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠障碍问题。有些睡眠障碍是遗传的。但许多问题是由熬夜、频繁地在不同时区之间旅行或夜间工作造成的。

3.然而，网上销售也有风险。由于有如此多的公司都争着要吸引消费者的注意力，价格竞争就会非常激烈，而利润就会越来越少，甚至毫无利润可言。

4.道路礼貌行为不仅指具备良好的行为举止，同时也指具备良好的意识表现。当遇到不文明行为时，需要驾驶员报纸最清醒的头脑和很好的脾气来控制住心中报复的念头。

5.更不用说像谈话这样复杂的事情，现在最先进的计算机正竭力地去认识物体的形状，而这是十个月大的孩子要完成的任务。

21.单选题

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”；B选项loose“宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C选项elastic“（物理上的）有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的”；D选项resourceful“资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：把面团揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有弹性，因此C选项正确。

22.单选题

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

问题1选项

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查点】不可数名词的用法。

【解题思路】knowledge表示“知识，学问”时，是不可数名词。所以knowledge要用原形，该题选择D项。

【句意】科学技术是受过教育的人的知识的一部分。

23.单选题

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

问题1选项

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句，正常的语序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。选项A符合题意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陆典型的草原动物。

24.单选题

Ifyouwantto（）apleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourhostcountry.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.restore

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。secure"保护，使安全"，securesb./sth.使某人或某物安全；ensure后面一般接sth.或that从句，指“确保”；assure"使相信，使确信"，assure后面一般接sb.指向某人保证；restore"归还，修复"。句意：如果你想确保一次愉快的旅行，尽可能多地了解东道国的风俗礼仪。所以选项B正确。

25.单选题

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

问题1选项

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

问题2选项

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

问题3选项

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

问题4选项

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

问题5选项

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B“嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconce