考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。

2.问答题

Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.Chemicallythereisno

A

B

differencebetweenthegas,theliquid,andthesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswith

C

D

theformulaH20.

【答案】试题答案：D;are

【解析】考查主谓一致。which指代的是hegas,theliquid,andthesolid，故谓语be动词用复数形are。

3.单选题

Itcanhardlybedeniedtheproliferationofso-calleddirtybooksandfilmshas,todate,reachedalmostasaturationpoint.Peopledonotacknowledgethe（

）factthatchildrenareboundtobeexposedto“dirtywords”inamyriadofwaysotherthanthroughthepublicairwaves.

问题1选项

A.irrefutable

B.concrete

C.inevitable

D.haphazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrefutable“不能驳倒的；不能回答的”；B选项concrete“具体的；实在的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项haphazard“偶然的；随便的；无计划的”。句意：不可否认，到目前为止所谓的肮脏的书籍和电影的扩散几乎达到了饱和点。人们不承认这一……事实，即除了通过公共广播，孩子们注定要以各种各样的方式接触“脏话”。由前后句意可知，这一事实是“无法辩驳的”，因此A选项符合题意。

4.填空题

WhileMexico’soveralleconomic________showedanincreaseinforeigntradeaftertheinstitutionofNAFTA,realwagescontinuedtofallthroughoutthecountryandpovertyratesremainedconstant.(indicate)

【答案】indicators

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】showed是句子的谓语动词，Mexico’soveralleconomic________是句子的主语，economic为形容词，所以横线所在内容应为名词；economicindicators的意思为“经济指标”，符合语境。

【句意】虽然墨西哥的总体经济指标显示，在北美自由贸易协定建立后，对外贸易有所增长，但全国各地的实际工资继续下降，贫困率保持不变。

5.单选题

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—schoolhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen'searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs,resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployerswouldbe14.6percentemployers,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown'sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,laborforceparticipation,mobility,motivations,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy'sresults.Brown'sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown'sresultsthatconsumerdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown'sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs'argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradictwhichofthefollowing?

3.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women'searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

4.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageexplicitlyanswer?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthestatementsinthelastparagrapharemostprobably（）

6.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribethecontentofthepassageasawhole?

问题1选项

A.discriminationfromsuppliers

B.discriminationfromconsumers

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

问题2选项

A.SomeexplicitresultsofBrown'sstudy.

B.Fuchs'hypothesis.

C.Asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.Sanborn'shypothesis

问题3选项

A.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

B.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

C.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

D.Privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment.

问题4选项

A.Whydoself-employedwomenhavemoredifficultythanmeninhiringhighqualityemployees?

B.Whydoprivateemployersdiscriminatemoreagainstwomenthandogovernmentemployers?

C.WhywereBlackworkersexcludedfromthesampleusedinBrown'sstudy?

D.Whydosuppliersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen?

问题5选项

A.Brown'selaborationofhisresearchresults

B.theauthor'sconclusions,basedonFuchs'andBrown'sresults

C.Brown'stentativeinferencefromhisdata

D.theauthor'scriticismsofFuchs'argument,basedonBrown'sresults

问题6选项

A.TheNecessityforEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy.

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen'sChoiceofTypeofEmployment?

C.TheRelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen'sEarningsasComparedtoWomen'sEarnings.

D.TheRelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen'sEarnings.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】第1题:细节判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，个体经营的妇女可能会遇到消费者的歧视，供应商和金融机构的歧视，以及很难找到好的雇员。只有选项D没有提及。

第2题:细节推断题。原文只在第三段中提到金融机构，而这一段的内容是作者推断出来的，在上文中并没有直接说明。所以作者对于妇女会受到投资机构的歧视的推断与题目中的观点相矛盾。故答案为C。

第3题:细节推理题。根据第二段最后两句“Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.”对男子而言，个体经营收入最高，私营企业工作其次，政府单位工作最低。对于女子来说，这个顺序正好颠倒过来了。所以选项A正确。

第4题:细节推断题。选项A、B和选项D在文中只是提出了观点，并没有进行回答，只有选项C在原文第二段中间括号部分解释了为什么不选黑人作为研究的对象的原因，即是为了避免由于种族差异而出现的工资差别。所以本题选C。

第5题:细节推理题。最后一段作者指出布朗的研究成果与法克的论据是明显一致的。接下来的内容是作者根据布朗和法克的研究成果而得出的结论。选项B正确。

第6题:主旨题。结合全文内容可知本文主要阐述了政府雇主、私人雇主和消费者对妇女收入的影响。选项D比较全面的概括了本文的中心思想。

6.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是？’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

7.单选题

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsage,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirsttrytofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitaccordingtoconsumerdemand.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity-thefirmandthecustomer.Eachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingcustomers.Thisconcepthasbeenrecognizedinsuchslogansas"HaveItYourWay"and"You'retheBoss".Agoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfyingtheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingcustomerruled!

1.Agoodknowledgeofthedifferencebetweenmarketingandsellingleadsto（）.

2.Nottoolongago,industriesfocusedon（）.

3.Theverycoreofmarketingliesin（）.

4.Asuccessfulbusinessdealcantakeplaceonlywhen（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

问题1选项

A.theefficientproductionofgoods

B.aperfectcommandofsalesmanship

C.abasiccommandofthemarketingconcept

D.theconversionofgoodsintomoney

问题2选项

A.producingandsellinggoods

B.theneedsandwantsofcustomers

C.thesellingofnewproducts

D.movinggoodstothemarket

问题3选项

A.allunderstandingofconsumerneeds

B.theefficientmovementofgoods

C.developingnewwantsforconsumergoods

D.makinggoodsreadilyavailabletocustomers

问题4选项

A.thecustomerissatisfiedattheexpenseofthecompany

B.acompanymakesabigprofit

C.consumersatisfactionandcompanyprofitaregivenequalimportance

D.priorityisgiventotherequirementsofthecustomer

问题5选项

A.theconsumershouldbeallowedtodothingshisownway

B.theconsumershouldbetreatedlikeaking

C.theconsumershouldhavethefinalsayinthesellingofanyproduct

D.theconsumershouldbeadvisedonwhattobuy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词thedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling定位至第一段:Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling(要了解营销概念，只有必要区分营销和销售的不同)，由此可知C项“营销概念的基本掌握”正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Nottoolongago定位至第二段:Nottoomanyyearsage,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible(几年前，大多数行业主要集中在高效生产的商品，然后依靠“有说服力的推销方式”来尽可能多的销售这些产品)，也就是不久前，行业集中于高效生产商品和销售商品，故选A项“生产和销售产品”。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Marketing，ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem(另一方面，市场营销也需要着重于消费者的需求。它开始于首先分析消费者的喜好和需求之后，然后生产产品，满足他们)。因此,A项“完全理解顾客的需求”正确。

4.细节事实题。第三段指出:Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity-thefirmandthecustomer.Eachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs(这个概念并不意味着满足顾客得优先于公司利润。每次的交易都有正反两面，也就是在交易前必须满足公司和消费者各自的需求)，因此，选C项“顾客满足和公司利润都同等重要”。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一句为:Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingcustomerruled(公众大部分比例对新口味的不接受使得可口可乐公司快速地恢复原先的口味。然后以消费者至上的规则销售)。因此不难推测四个选项中，B项“对待顾客就应该像国王一样”正确。

8.翻译题

“失落之城”马丘比丘坐落在秘鲁热带山地森林，直到1911年才被美国探险家海勒姆·宾厄姆发现。马丘比丘海拔2430米，为热带森林所包围。它可能是印加帝国全盛时期最辉煌的城市建筑，那巨大的城墙和梯田好像是在连绵的悬崖绝壁上自然形成的一样。古城矗立在安第斯山脉东边的斜坡上，环绕着亚马孙河上游的盆地。马丘比丘废墟是世界上最美最神秘的古代遗址之一。早在15世纪初期，印加人就在那里建起数百座石建筑，传说和神话表明马丘比丘曾是一个圣地。古城废墟有宫殿、洗浴室、寺庙、贮藏室和大约150间房子，皆保存完好。这些建筑均用山顶的灰色花岗岩雕筑而成，是建筑学和美学的奇迹。

【答案】MachuPicchu,alostcitylocatedinPeru'stropicalmountainforests,wasn'tdiscoveredbyAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamuntil1911.Itstands2,430mabovesea-level,andsurroundedbytropicalforests.ItwasprobablythemostgloriousurbanbuildinginthezenithofIncaEmpire;itsgiantwallsandterracesseemlikebeencutnaturallyinthecontinuousrockcliffs.Theancientcity,ontheeasternslopesoftheAndes,surroundsthebasininupperAmazonRiver.

TheruinsofMachuPicchuareoneofthemostbeautifulandmysteriousancientsitesintheworld.WhiletheIncapeopleerectedhundredsofstonestructurestherefromtheearly1400's,legendsandmythsindicatethatMachuPicchuwasasacredplace.Theruinshavepalaces,baths,temples,storageroomsandsome150houses,allinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Thesestructures,carvedfromthegraygraniteofthemountaintop,arewondersofbotharchitecturalandaestheticgenius.

9.翻译题

中国人讲究“义利相兼，以义为先”。中非关系最大的“义”，就是用中国发展助力非洲的发展、最终实现互利共赢、共同发展。中方支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，主张解决安全问题要标本兼治、综合施策。在工业、基础设施建设、投资和贸易便利化等领域，中非合作将为双方企业投资和贸易提供更多机会，从而提高非洲产业竞争力，弥补非洲基础设施缺口。在现代农业、绿色发展、减贫惠民等方面的合作，将促进中非企业分享先进技术和建立可持续发展模式，增强自主发展能力，提高公共治理水平。

【答案】Chinesepeoplepayattentiontothephaseofrighteousnessandconcurrentlytorighteousnessfirst.China-AfricarelationstherighteousnessofthebiggestboostAfrica’sdevelopmentistouseChina’sdevelopment,Ultimatelyachievemutualbenefitandwin-winresults.ThecommondevelopmentofChina’ssupportoftheAfricanpeopleinAfricawaysolvetheproblemofAfrica,arguesthattosolvesecurityproblemstotreatbothcomprehensiveShiCe.Intheindustrialareassuchasinfrastructureconstructioninvestmentandtradefacilitation,china-Africacooperationwillprovidemoreopportunitiesforbothbusinessinvestmentandtrade,toimproveindustrialcompetitiveness,AfricagapsAfricaninfrastructureGreendevelopmentinmodernagriculture

Cooperationinpovertyreductionandpeople’swell-beingwillencourageChineseandAfricancompaniestoshareadvancedtechnologies,establishsustainabledevelopmentmodels,enhancetheircapacityforindependentdevelopmentandimprovepublicgovernance.

10.单选题

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa（）nightmare.

问题1选项

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。paranoid“像偏执狂的；患偏执狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公认的”；benign“（气候）良好的，仁慈的，和蔼的”；logistical“逻辑的，运筹的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和医疗供应描述成是一场后勤的噩梦。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（

）ofeachotherIthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。indistinctly“不清楚地，模糊地”；separately“分开地，与from”；irrelevantly“不恰当地，不相关地”;independently“独立地，分开地”。句意：语言、文化、性格彼此都是独立的，实际上他们之间密不可分。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Someyearsago,Houstonairportfacedatroublingissue.Passengerswere（1）aboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(行李提取处).（2）,theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.Theplan（3）:theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（4）thecomplaintspersisted.

（5）,theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.Theyfoundthatit（6）passengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（7）,roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.

Sotheydecidedonanewapproach:（8）reducingwaittime,theymovedthearrivalgatesfartherawayfromthemainterminal.Passengersnowhadtowalksixtimeslonger.Complaintsdroppedtonear（9）.

Thisstoryshowsthattheexperienceofwaitingisdefinedonlypartlybytheobjective（10）ofthewait.Occupiedtime(walkingtobaggageclaim)feels（11）thanunoccupiedtime(（12）atbaggageclaim).Researchonqueuinghasshownthat,peopleonaverage,（13）howlongthey’vewaitedinaline.

Thisisalso（14）onefindsmirrorsnexttoelevators.The（15）wasbornduringthepost-WorldWarIIboom,whenthespreadofhigh-rises（16）complaintsaboutelevatordelays.Thereasonbehindthemirrorswas（17）totheoneusedattheHoustonairport:givepeoplesomethingtooccupytheirtime.（18）overnight,thecomplaintsceased.

We’llnever（19）linesaltogether,butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakethose（20）delaysmorebearable.Andwhenallelsefails,bringabook.

问题1选项

A.warning

B.thinking

C.asking

D.complaining

问题2选项

A.Inresponse

B.Infact

C.Intheory

D.Inturn

问题3选项

A.failed

B.worked

C.stopped

D.continued

问题4选项

A.So

B.But

C.Or

D.And

问题5选项

A.Puzzled

B.Scared

C.Delighted

D.Relieved

问题6选项

A.spent

B.needed

C.cost

D.took

问题7选项

A.Ingeneral

B.Inaddition

C.Inanycase

D.Inotherwords

问题8选项

A.inspiteof

B.insteadof

C.bymeansof

D.becauseof

问题9选项

A.nothing

B.zero

C.none

D.no

问题10选项

A.complaint

B.reach

C.feeling

D.length

问题11选项

A.shorter

B.better

C.longer

D.harder

问题12选项

A.looking

B.standing

C.serving

D.pointing

问题13选项

A.dislike

B.disagree

C.overestimate

D.misunderstand

问题14选项

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.when

问题15选项

A.reason

B.problem

C.standard

D.idea

问题16选项

A.calledfor

B.pointedout

C.ledto

D.beganwith

问题17选项

A.accustomed

B.specific

C.helpful

D.similar

问题18选项

A.Rather

B.Quite

C.Entirely

D.Almost

问题19选项

A.cross

B.eliminate

C.draw

D.create

问题20选项

A.inadequate

B.impatient

C.impossible

D.inevitable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:C

第17题:D

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。联系下文可知客户在抱怨排队时间长。A选项warning“警告”；B选项thinking“思考”；C选项asking“请求”，因此D选项正确。

2.考查语境理解。由空格前，联系第一题“Passengerswerecomplainingaboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim（乘客们在抱怨行李提取处等待时间太长）”，空格后“theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.（行政人员增加了行李搬运工的人数。）”可知，空格后是对空格前做的回应。B选项Infact“事实上，实际上”；C选项Intheory“理论上”；D选项Inturn“轮流，依次”，都不符合上下文语境，因此A选项正确。

3.考查语境理解。根据下文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待时间降至8分钟，完全符合行业标准。）”可知这项计划奏效了，等待时间下降了。因此B选项正确。

4.考查逻辑关系。根据上文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待时间降至8分钟，完全符合行业标准。）”和下文“thecomplaintspersisted.（人们的抱怨仍在继续）”可知空格处填的词应该表示转折。A选项So表原因；B选项But表转折；C选项Or表并列；D选项And表并列，因此B选项正确。

5.考查动词辨析。“（）,theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.”意为“因为……机场管理人员进行了更仔细的分析”。A选项Puzzled“困惑”；B选项Scared“害怕”；C选项Delighted“高兴，愉快”；D选项Relieved“解除”。因此A选项正确。

6.考查固定搭配。Ittakesbsometimetodosth意为花费时间做某事，没有Itspendsbsometimetodosth这个说法，spend的用法是sbspendsometime(in)doingsth，它的主语必须是人；cost的用法是sthcostsb+金钱；need的主语一般是人，不用it作形式主语。因此D选项正确。

7.考查短语辨析。根据上文“Theyfoundthatittookpassengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（乘客从到达登机口走到行李认领处需要1分钟，取行李又需要7分钟。）”和下文“roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.（他们大约88%的时间是在站着等行李。）”可知上下文表示的意思是一样的，所以空格处应填一个表并列关系的短语。因此空格处应填“inotherwords”，因此D选项正确。

8.考查短语辨析。A选项inspiteof“不管，不顾”；B选项insteadof“代替，而不是”；C选项bymeansof“依靠，借助于”；D选项becauseof“因为，由于”，句意：他们没有缩短等待时间，而是把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方。因此B选项正确。

9.考查语境理解。句意：参考第48题，他们没有缩短等待时间，而是把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方。现在乘客们得多走六倍的路。投诉几乎为（）。从句意我们可以看出空格处应该为一个数值，选项中只有B选项符合，因此B选项正确。

10.考查名词辨析。句意：这个故事表明，等待的体验只在一定程度上取决于客观等待的（）。A选项complaint“抱怨”不符合句意；B选项reach“范围”不符合句意；C选项feeling“感觉”与句中的体验相冲突；D选项length“时长”符合句意，因此D选项正确。

11.考查逻辑关系。该句意为：被占用的时间（走到行李认领处）感觉比没被占用的时间（站在行李认领处）（）。根据上文中提到的，机场管理人员把到达门移到离主航站楼更远的地方，乘客们在等待的过程中感觉有事情可做，就会觉得走路的时间比等待的时间短，因此A选项正确。

12.考查动词辨析。该空格处应填与前面括号内（walkingtobaggageclaim）相对应的单词。A选项looking“看”；B选项standing“站”；C选项serving“招待、服务”；D选项pointing“指向，表明”，其中只有B选项与前面括号内的内容适配度更高，因此B选项正确。

13.考查动词辨析。句意：关于排队的研究表明，人们平均会（）自己排队等候的时间。A选项dislike“不喜欢，厌恶”；B选项disagree“不同意，反对”；C选项overestimate“高估”；D选项misunderstand“误解，误会”。联系上下文可知人们总是以为自己的排队时长很长，其实不然，所以人们经常高估自己排队等候的时间，因此C选项正确。

14.考查语境理解。句意：这也是（）电梯旁边有镜子。根据下文可知，正是因为镜子让人们在等待的时候有事可做，所以会让人们感觉等待时间缩短了，所以空格处应填有因果关系的词，因此C选项正确。

15.考查语境理解。该句子句意为：这个（）出现在二战后的经济繁荣时期，当时高楼林立，导致了人们对电梯延误的抱怨。由此可知，人们对电梯的延误感到抱怨更偏向于是一种社会问题。A选项reason“原因”；B选项problem“问题”；C选项standard“标准”；D选项idea“方法”，因此B选项正确。

16.考查短语辨析。A选项call