考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（）,butitalsofiltersoutharmfulsunrays.

问题1选项

A.Theatmospheregivesusairlobreathe

B.Notonlytheatmospheregivesusairtobreathe

C.Theatmospherewhichgivesairtobreathe

D.Notonlydoestheatmospheregiveusairtobreathe

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。如果notonly位于第一分句主语之前，则该分句要部分倒装，即将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前；后一个分句，即but后面不用倒装。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

问题2选项

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

问题3选项

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

问题4选项

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

问题5选项

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世纪90年代后期，第一批网络浏览器使网络可以为我们所用，从而出现了现代的互联网，这些网络曾是专为科学实验室和军队所用）可知选D。

2.词义题。stickinginto意为“坚持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意为“轻拍”；makinguseof意为“利用”；investing意为“投资，花费”。根据“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（现在云计算和移动设备可以……巨大的计算能力和数据库使站在浴室里篮球赛成为可能）中前后的句意，可知C选项最符合语境。

3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，连接的设备……越来越多地收集有关日常个人行为和习惯的新信息，将其转化为有关自己的数据）可知选B。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代计算机——从数据中学习的认知计算系统——能阅读推特或电子书或观看视频，能并理解其内容）可知选C。

5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥着大量的数据，这可能和说LadyGaga的服装很有趣一样显而易见）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超过80%的数据是非结构化的：视频、新闻报道、学术论文、社交网络评论。非结构化数据几乎不可能搜索、分析和与其他数据混合）可知B选项“世界上充斥着太多令人困惑的数据”符合题意。

3.单选题

Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,（

）

thepleasure.

问题1选项

A.delaying

B.prolonging

C.insisting

D.indulging

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。delay“推迟”；prolong“延长”；insist“坚持”；indulge“沉浸在”，一般与介词in搭配。句意：她尽可能慢地咀嚼着满嘴的美味，来延长这种享受美味的愉悦感。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

问题1选项

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。favorite“最喜爱的”；available“可获得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中国大学生都（）免费医疗服务。只有B项符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大学生能得到免费医疗服务。答案B

5.单选题

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

问题1选项

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词behind（到……后面），得知D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajorindustrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsand（

）aneconomiccrisis.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.precipitate

C.offend

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，校正”；B选项precipitate“使……突然降临；加速（坏事的发生），使突然陷入（某种状态）”；C选项offend“得罪，冒犯，犯罪”；D选项alternate“交替，轮流”。由reduceprofitsand_____aneconomiccrisis（减少利润和_____经济危机）可知B选项符合语境。句意：主要工业城市新一轮的停产只会降低利润并陷入经济危机。

7.单选题

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto（）themysteriousmurder.

问题1选项

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项comethrough“经历，安然度过”，B项lookinto“调查，观察”，C项makeover“转让，移交”，D项seeto“注意，负责”。根据前面的关键词detectiveandhisassistant（侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。故该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly（）familiarity

withtechnology.

问题1选项

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不能仅从熟悉技术的角度来解释年轻人对立体音响的喜爱。

考查短语辨析。inquestof为了寻求…；bymeansof借助…手段；intermsof根据…；从……方面来说：byvirtueof凭借…的力量，由于。因此C项符合句意。

9.单选题

Itiscommonknowledgethatoneculture（

）withthearea.

问题1选项

A.connects

B.relates

C.associates

D.correlates

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一种文化与当地的社会和经济的发展相互依存，这是常识。

动词辨析。connect和relate都能与with连用，表示“与…联系”，但侧重于两者的关系；associatewith意为“联合，将…联系在一起”；correlatewith“相互依存”；将四个选项分别代入题干对比分析可知，最佳答案选项为D。

10.单选题

Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

问题1选项

A.rapidly,therefore

B.ongoingeffortstocut

C.remainsopen

D.toquestion.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

11.单选题

Jimmyearnshislivingby（）worksofartinthemuseum.

问题1选项

A.recovering

B.restoring

C.renewing

D.reviving

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项recovering“恢复；再生”；B选项restoring“恢复，重建；正在恢复”；C选项renewing“重新开始；恢复；使……更新；延长……的期限”；D选项reviving“振兴”。recover/restore都有康复的意思，但是用法不同。一般用法分别为：sbrecovers（不及物）、sbrestoreshishealth（及物），所以restore与语义相对应。句意：吉米靠修复博物馆里的艺术品谋生。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

问题1选项

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。controversy“争论，论战，辩论”；conversation“交谈，会话，社交”；discussion“讨论，议论”；illumination“阐明”。根据空格后面的dull,nosex可以推断空格处是“没什么好争论的”。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Ifyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttryto（

）.

问题1选项

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】C

【解析】takedown放下,记下；turndown关小,调低；cutdown削减,减少；settledown定居,专心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒烟,至少应该试着减少吸烟。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Thiswebsiteprovidesinformationandlatestnewsaboutthelatestgadgetswithallitsuniquenessandshortcomings.

问题1选项

A.devices

B.advances

C.operations

D.spheres

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devices装置，器具，设备B.advances进步，进展

C.operations手术D.spheres球体，球形

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】gadgets的意思为“小器具，小装置”，devices与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】本网站提供有关最新产品的资讯和最新消息，并介绍其独特之处和不足之处。

15.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Acough.

B.Diarrhea.

C.Afever.

D.Vomiting.

【答案】B

【解析】M:What’sthematterwiththislittleboy?

W:Hehasachestycoughallthetime.Histemperatureishigh.Andhekeepstellingmehewantstobesick.

M:Doeshebringanythingup?

W:No,becausehehasbeenoffhisfoodforthepasttwodays.Hejustbringsup(呕吐)bile(胆汁).

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnottheboy’ssymptom?

【解析】细节题。根据对话可知，小男孩咳嗽，发烧，并且恶心，呕吐。故选B。

16.单选题

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.

Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.

WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall’'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandtheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.

PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.

41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.

42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.

43.Theword“provincial”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______

”.

44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry______.

45.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

问题1选项

A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompanies

B.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologies

C.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.

D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

问题2选项

A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companies

B.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companies

C.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinPlanningactivities

D.Fouroftheworld’'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned

问题3选项

A.limitedinoutlook

B.likepeoplefromtheprovinces

C.rigidinthinking

D.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs

问题4选项

A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently

B.areignorantaboutworldgeography

C.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts

D.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications

问题5选项

A.AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.

B.TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.

C.PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.

D.PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"“foreign”".

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是美国在公共关系业中的领袖地位受到威胁的原因是什么，根据关键词leadership定位到文章首句“Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.”可得知，选项A、C以及D所提及的三点都是公共关系业迅速发展的原因，与题干原意相反。选项B,，根据第二段首句可得知选项B符合原意。

2.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是不久伦敦就会代替纽约成为公共关系业的中心的原因是什么，根据关键词London,，replace可定位到文章第二段的最后一第四句，“TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.”这句话的意思是英国的公司比美国的公司更强调公共关系的重要性，由此可见选项A为正确答案。

3.【试题解析】：语义推测题。根据题干所选单词定位到原文第三段，“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”这个国家的世界地理知识从来就不强可得知他们对于世界地理的了解限制了，比较狭隘。由此，答案A为正确选项。

4.【试题解析】：事实细节题。根据原文定位到第三段的“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”可得知，为选项B的同义替换。选项A与原文的第二点相反。选项C和选项D原文中没有涉及。因此，选项B为正确答案。

5.【试题解析】：判断推理题。根据原文定位到最后一段的前两句“PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“‘foreign’’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.”可得知要避免使用“foreign”这个单词。因此，答案为D。

17.单选题

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.attacked

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】addict使…沉迷，使...上瘾；allege声称，断言；attack攻击；ascribe归因于。Itisallegedthat为常用句型，意为“据说...”，选项B正确。

18.单选题

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

问题1选项

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项atransferring“转移”；B选项atouching“感人的”；C选项acontaminating“污染”；D选项acontagious“传染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允许和隔壁的孩子们一起玩，因为他们中的一个患了传染病。划线部分aninfectious是传染的意思。因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

Whatifarchitectscouldbuildlivingsystemsratherthanstaticbuildingsdynamicstructuresthatmodifytheirinternalandexternalformsinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment?Thisideaismakingwavesinthefieldofarchitecture.Houses,forexample,mightshrinkinthewintertoreducesurfaceareaandvolume,thuscuttingheatingcosts.Theycouldcoverthemselvestoescapetheheatofthesummersunorshakesnowofftheroofinwinter.Skyscraperscouldchangetheirprofiles,swayingslightlytodistributeincreasedloadsduringhurricanes.

Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.Architectshavebeenworkingtoimprovethecontrolsystemsinbuildingsformanyyears,butshape-shiftingtechnologyisatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment.

Oneapproachbeingpursuedbyresearchersistoimitatenature.Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.“Thesestructurescanbendandtwist,butnoelementinthestructurebendsandtwists,”saysRobertSkeltonoftheStructuralSystemsandControlLaboratoryattheUniversityofCaliforniainSailDiego.“It'sthearchitectureoflife.”

WhileDr.Skeltonisworkingonsolvingtheengineeringequationsassociatedwithtensegritysystems,Tristand’EstreeSterkattheOfficeforRoboticArchitecturalMedia&theBureauforResponsiveArchitecture,anarchitecturalpracticebasedinVancouver,Canada,hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（气动的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.

Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.Andjustastheperformanceofacarcanbesimulatedinadvancetochoosethebestdesignforarangeofdrivingconditions,thesameshouldbedoneforbuildings,arguesGianCarloMagnoli,anarchitectandtheco-directoroftheKineticDesignGroupattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Heisdevisingblueprintsforresponsivehouses.‘Weneedtoevolvedesignsforthebestperformingresponsive-buildingmodels,”hesays.

Sowillweendupwithcitiesofskyscrapersthatwaveinthebreeze?Itsoundscrazy.But,saysMr.Sterk,manyideasthatwereonceconsideredcrazyarenowcommonplace.“Electricitywasastrangeidea,butnowit'suniversal’hesays.Dynamic,intelligent,adaptablebuildingsare“thelogicalnextstep”,heclaims.

1.Whichtechnologyisneededforsuch“responsivearchitecture”?

2.AccordingtoPara.3,manynaturalconstructions（

）.

3.WhatcontributiondoesSterkmaketoresponsivearchitecture?

4.TowhichofthefollowingisMagnolilikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thechangeofinternalandexternalforms.

B.Thealteractionofprofiles.

C.Controlsystemsappliedtomanualcontrols.

D.Structuralcomponentscapableofchangingthebuilding’sshape.

问题2选项

A.cancausechangetoelementsinthestructure

B.aremotivatedbybiologicalmaterialarchitecture

C.canchangetheirshapewithoutaffectingtheirstructuralintegrity

D.arefragilestructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelements

问题3选项

A.Hemakesarchetypesofshape-changingbuildingframes.

B.Heusesrodsandwirestobethewallsofabuilding.

C.HedoesmoreforresponsivearchitecturethanDr.Skelton.

D.Hehasinventedthe‘brain’tocontrolbuilding.

问题4选项

A.Cruise-controlsystemsshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings.

B.Architectsneedtoperfecttitledesignsofresponsivebuildingforthebestmodels.

C.Thedevelopmentofbuildingsisnothingcomparedtothatofcars.

D.Theperformanceofabuildingshouldbemonitoredinadvance.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第二段第一句‘Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.这种“响应式建筑”将依赖两种技术：能够决定做什么的控制系统，以及能够根据需要改变建筑形状的结构组件。’确定D选项‘能够改变建筑物形状的结构部件’正确。

2.根据第三段‘Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.许多自然结构，包括蜘蛛网，都是“张拉整体系统”——由许多相互关联的元素组成的强大结构，可以在不失去结构完整性的情况下改变形状。’确定C选项‘能在不影响其结构完整性的情况下改变其形状’正确。

3.根据文章第四段‘hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（气动的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.已经开始构建基于张拉整体结构的可变形“建筑信封”原型。轻量级的骨骼框架,由金属杆和电线和由气动控制(气动的)“肌肉”，作为建筑物的墙壁；调整他们的配置来改变建筑的形状。斯特克还在开发一种“大脑”，这种大脑可以根据来自内部和外部传感器的信息为这样一座建筑设定环境。确定B选项‘他用金属杆和电线做建筑物的墙’表达不完整，C选项‘他在响应式架构方面比斯凯尔顿博士做得更多’没有提及，D选项‘他发明了控制建筑的“大脑”’，文章是说‘还在开发中，没有完成，’句意不符合，所以A选项正确。

4.根据倒数第二段的第一句和第二句’Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.从巡航控制系统到安全气囊传感器，汽车已经能够监控自己的性能并在一定程度上自主行动。这样的反应行为对汽车来说是正常的，建筑师认为同样的想法也应该被纳入建筑中。确定A选项‘巡航控制系统应纳入建筑物’正确。

20.单选题

Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso.Inthepastdecadetotalbox-officespendinghasrisenbyaboutone-thirdinNorthAmericawhilemorethandoublingelsewhere.ThankstoHarryPoller,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion.FallingDVDsalesinAmerica,byfartheworld’sbiggesthome-entertainmentmarket,meanHollywoodisevenmoredependentonforeignpunters.

Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar'sweakness.Itwasalsohelpedby“Avatar”,andeco-fantasythatmadeastartling$2billionoutsideNorthAmerica.Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo.

Russia,withitsshrinkingteenagepopulation,isanunlikelyspotforabox-officeboom.Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyliascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation.Ticketpriceshaverisen,inpartbecausethenewcinemasaresuperior,withdigitalprojectorsthatcanshow3Dfilms.

Growingfearsofpiracyhaveledstudiostoreleasefilmsalmostsimultaneouslyinmanycountries;increasingly,thepremieretakesplaceoutsideAmerica.Thatchangesthemarketinggame,saysMichaelLynton,headofSonyPictures.StudiosusedtorelyonrumorsofAmericansuccessseepingoutofthecountry,primingaudienceselsewheretoseeafilm.Nowtheymustconductcoordinatedglobalcampaigns.Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzes（突袭）thatmaytakethemtotencountries--“likeapoliticalcampaign”,saysMr.Lynton.

ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter.Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade.Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries.

1.TheauthorofthepassageusesHarryPotterinthefirstparagraphto（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thefollowingaretheelementscontributingtothesuccessof“Avatar”EXCEPT（）.

3.Thesentence“supplyhascreateddemand”inthethirdparagraphcanbestbeexplainedbythefactthat（）.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,thesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericacanbedeterminedbyallthefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.showthatWarnerBiosisthemostsuccessfulstudioinHollywood

B.exemplifyHollywood’srelianceonforeignmarkets

C.indicatethedownturnofAmerica’sdomesticfilmmarket

D.emphasizetheinterdependencebetweenWarnerBrosandotherstudios

问题2选项

A.moreandmorecountriesareintheboomingperiodoffilmmarket

B.thevalueofdollarisdecreasing

C.peoplehavepaidmoreattentiontotheeco-systemoutsideNorthAmerica

D.agoodcollaborationbetweenthemajorstudios

问题3选项

A.theyoungpopulationinRussiaistemptedintogoingtonewcinemasbytheirsuperiority.

B.theteenagepopulationinRussiaisdecreasingwithaspeedfasterthanthatofbuildingnewcinemas.

C.Russiaisbuildingalotofnewcinemaswithdigitalprojectors.

D.ticketpriceshaverisenbecause3Dfilmsareavailableinthenewcinemas.

问题4选项

A.Manycountriesareworriedbythegrowingpiracyofnewlyreleasedfilms.

B.Moviestarsareoftenaskedtoconductglobalmarketingcampaigns.

C.Inordertowinthemarket,rumorsofstarsareoftentakenintofilms.

D.Moviestarsdon’tliketheglobalmarketingcampaigns.

问题5选项

A.themarketrules

B.theunwrittenrules

C.peoplewhomanageinternationaldistribution

D.themajorlanguagesusedintargetcountries

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.作者意图题。文章开头指出:Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso(好莱坞影片运作一直是国际性产业，但这个趋势似乎愈演愈烈了),后面以HarryPotter为例:ThankstoHarryPotter,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion(正是归功于哈利波特、福尔摩斯和‘盗梦空间’，华纳兄弟影业全年在北美以外的市场进账29.3亿美元，打破了22.4亿美元的记录),由此看出作者是为了举例证明好莱坞对国外市场的依赖。故选B。

2.判断推理题。各选项为:A:越来越多的国家处于电影市场的繁荣吋期,B:美元的贬值,C:人们已更加关注北美外的生态系统,D:主要的电影制片厂之间好的合作。第二段指出:Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo(另外，还有三点重要原因：新兴国家电影院发展迅速，美国的大型电影制片方共同努力出品迎合海外市场口味的电影，以及国际营销的力量),由此可知A项和D项在文中有提及。再由第二段中“Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar’sweakness(国际票房增长的部分原因是美元贬値)”可知B项在文中也有提及。因此C项未被提及。故选C。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至句子:Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyhascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicke