考研考博-英语-哈密职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈密职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ourarmysucceededin（

）theadvancingenemy.

问题1选项

A.retrieving

B.revenging

C.resenting

D.repelling

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索，恢复”；B选项revenge“报复，替复仇”；C选项resent“怨恨，愤恨”；D选项repel“击退，抵制”。由关键词“ourarmy”和“theadvancingenemy前进的敌军”，可知空格部分意思可能为“击退，打退”，句意为：我军成功击退前进的敌军。选项D符合题意。

2.问答题

Butthemostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworldis(A)progresscomesfromplanning.(B)Ignorance(C)aboutone’scareerisnot(D)blissandreasonisbetterthanchanceandfate.

【答案】A；“progress”前添加“that”。

【解析】考查从句。句意：但是在这个经常不快乐的现代世界中，最重要的教训就是：进步来自计划。对自己的职业一无所知并不是一种福气，并且理性胜于机遇和命运。根据句子结构，第一句中句子的主语为“themostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworld”，系动词为“is”，其后的从句“progresscomesfromplanning”为表语从句，需用引导词that引导表语从句。所以在从句前添加引导词“that”。

3.单选题

Whatisitthatbringsaboutsuchanintimateconnectionbetweenlanguageandthinking?Istherenothinkingwithouttheuseoflanguage,namelyinconceptsandconcept-combinationsforwhichwordsneednotnecessarilycometomind?Hasnoteveryoneofusstruggledforwordsalthoughtheconnectionbetween“thing”wasalreadyclear?

Wemightbeinclinedtoattributetotheactofthinkingcompleteindependencefromlanguageiftheindividualformedorwereabletoformhisconceptswithouttheverbalguidanceofhisenvironment.Yetmostlikelythementalshapeofanindividualgrowingupundersuchconditions,wouldbeverypoor.Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.Thismakesusrealizetowhatextentthesamelanguagemeansthesamementality.Inthissensethinkingandlanguagearelinkedtogether.

Whatdistinguishesthelanguageofsciencefromlanguageasweordinarilyunderstandtheword?Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?Whatsciencestrivesforisanutmostacutenessandclarityofconceptsasregardstheirmutualrelationandtheircorrespondencetosensorydata.Asanillustration,letustakethelanguageofEducationgeometryandAlgebra.Theymanipulatewithasmallnumberofindependentlyintroducedconcepts,respectivelysymbols,suchastheintegralnumber,thestraightline,thepoint,aswellaswithsignswhichdesignatethefundamentaloperations,thatistheconnectionsbetweenthosefundamentalconcepts.Thisisthebasisfortheconstructionbetweenconceptsandstatementsontheonehandandsensorydataontheotherhandisestablishedthroughactsofcountingandmeasuringwhoseperformanceissufficientlywelldetermined.

Thesuper-nationalcharacterofscientificconceptsandscientificlanguageisduetothefactthattheyhavebeensetupbythebestbrainsofallcountriesandalltimes.Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.Theirsystemofconceptshasservedasaguideinthebewilderingchaosofperceptionssothatwelearnedtograspgeneraltruthsfromparticularobservations.

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputaquestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmanwillproducedependsentirelyonthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.ThescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhereitwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstandingPerfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.Ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeansofapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.

1.Howdoesthewriterdrawtheconclusionthatmentaldevelopmentofanindividualdependsmuchuponlanguage?

2.Accordingtothewriter,scientificlanguageis（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetechnicalrevolutions（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriterprobablyfavor?

5.Thewriterthinksthatthecharacteristicsofourageare（）.

问题1选项

A.Hestudiesstatisticsrevealedbyresearchers.

B.Hemanagedtodoitbyreasoning.

C.Hedoesitbycitingwordsfromauthorities.

D.Hemerelyassertsittobethecase.

问题2选项

A.super-national

B.limited

C.abstract

D.boring

问题3选项

A.havenospiritualtools

B.haveenlightenedthethoughtsofmankind

C.havethelittleinfluenceontheworld

D.havetransformedthelifeofmankind

问题4选项

A.Scientificmethodcanprovidemankindwithmeanstoattaingoals.

B.Scientificmethodwouldleadustodoomandchaos.

C.Scientificmethodcanonlyleadtowarfare.

D.Scientificmethodismoreimportantthanscientificlanguage.

问题5选项

A.perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoal

B.lackofscientificmethodandabundanceofscientificlanguage

C.perfectionsoflanguageandconfusionofthinking

D.lackofsolitudeandabundanceofcooperation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的倒数第三句Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.（因此，我们可以得出这样的结论：个体的心理发展及其形成概念的方式在很大程度上依赖于语言。）作者在做这个断言之前，并没有给出过多的解释及论述，因此D选项“他只是断言这是事实”正确。A选项“他研究研究人员揭示的统计数据”，文章中作者并没有给出相应的数据；B选项“他通过推理成功地做了这件事”，他是没有进行逻辑推理的；C选项“他通过引用权威的话来做这件事”，文章中并没有引用。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句话Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?（为什么科学语言是国际性的呢?）虽然是一个问句，但是也表明了大众是接受这个观点的，因此A选项“由多个国家组成的；超国家的”正确。B选项“有限制的”；C选项“抽象的”；D选项“无聊的”，这些都是干扰项。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段最后Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.（他们孤独而又合作地为技术革命创造了精神工具，这些技术革命在过去几个世纪里改变了人类的生活。）可以看出技术革命改变了我们的生活，因此D选项“改变了人类的生活”正确。A选项“没有精神工具”，这句话说了它们创造了精神工具，因此A错误；B选项“启蒙了人类的思想”，原文的表述没有到这个程度，属于过度推断；C选项“对世界有小小的影响”，它已经改变了人们的生活，因此不是“小小的影响”，C选项错误。

4.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.（一旦这些目标存在，科学方法就提供了实现这些目标的手段，但它不能提供这些目标。）也就是说只要有目标，那么科学方法就会提供实现它们的手段，因此A选项“科学方法可以为人类提供实现目标的手段”正确。B选项“科学的方法会给我们带来厄运和混乱”，不是文章的观点；C选项“科学方法只能导致战争”，不正确；D选项“科学的方法比科学的语言更重要”，这个文章并没有提到。

5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.（在我看来，手段的完美和目标的混乱似乎是我们这个时代的特征。）因此A选项“手段的完美和目标的混乱”正确。B选项“科学方法的缺乏和科学语言的丰富”；C选项“语言能力和思维混乱”；D选项“缺乏独处和合作”，不是作者的观点。

4.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是众多城市人中的一员，如果要做选择的话，我们宁愿住在远离大城市的尘土和噪音的乡村)。说明作者是在城里工作。

2.细节题。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推测B项(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推测C项(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推测D项(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故选A。

3.推断题。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown(住在一个小村庄里，购物是一个大问题，即使只是稍微特别的物品，人们也必须到附近大城镇去买),由此推测在乡村不容易买到的东西应是designerclothes。

4.推断题。第四段说:Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.’即他们一般还是比较敏感的...他们也把某些改变强加给当地农村居民。故选C项Arrogant（骄横的）比较合适。

5.推断题。最后一段:I’mkeenontheidea...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening,作者说他一点也不确定他的猫会接受新鲜空气，在长草中锻炼,并且在后面用猫来作了否定的答复。由此推测作者不会去农村生活。

5.单选题

Hemadea____gesture,whichoffendedtheyoungladygreatly.

问题1选项

A.vague

B.vulgar

C.vogue

D.vigorous

【答案】B

【解析】

【选项释义】

A.vague（思想上）不清楚的；含糊的B.vulgar粗野的；粗鲁的；下流的

C.vogue时髦的；流行的D.vigorous充满活力的；果断的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：他做了一个……的手势，这让这位年轻的女士非常生气。根据逻辑，由后半句这位女士非常生气可以推测这个人做了一个非常粗鲁下流的手势，冒犯到了这位女士。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他做了一个粗俗的手势，这使那位年轻的女士非常生气。

6.单选题

InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand（）bymeansofwoodenpaddles.

问题1选项

A.docked

B.propelled

C.choked

D.perceived

【答案】B

【解析】dock使靠码头；propel推进,驱使；choke阻塞,抑制；perceive觉察,感知。句意：在北美,最早的独木舟是用原木建造的,并由木桨推动前行。选项B符合语境。

7.单选题

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

问题1选项

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。controversy“争论，论战，辩论”；conversation“交谈，会话，社交”；discussion“讨论，议论”；illumination“阐明”。根据空格后面的dull,nosex可以推断空格处是“没什么好争论的”。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。

9.单选题

HistorianJacksonTurnerclaimedthatthefrontierproducedtheindividualismthatisthe（

）ofAmericancultureandthatthisindividualisminturnpromoteddemocraticinstitutionsandeconomicequality.

问题1选项

A.hallmark

B.drawback

C.continuity

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hallmark“特质；品质证明”；B选项drawback“缺点；不利条件；退税”；C选项continuity“连续性”；D选项ambiguity“含糊；模棱两可的话”。句意：历史学家杰克逊•特纳声称边疆地区产生了个人主义，而个人主义正是美国文化的……，这种个人主义反过来又促进了民主制度和经济平等。由句意可知A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog（占道者）,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadcourtesyisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtohitbackwhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizecourtesywhentheyseeit.

Contrarytogeneralopinion,youngdrivershavebettermannersthantheirseniors.Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.Thismaybeencouragedonthebattlefieldbutisoutofplaceontheroads.

Lorrydriverssaytheyhavealmostabandonedthepracticeofsignalingcarstoovertakewhentheroadisclear,becausemanyofthecarstooktoolongtopass.Theycouldn’tbebotheredtoselectalowergear.Thecardrivers,afterovertaking,sloweddownagainandhoggedtheroad.Again,amotoringmagazinehasrecentlydrawnattentiontotheincreasingnumberofdriverswhoneverwaitforgaps.“Theymanufacturethembyforce,usingtheirdirectionindicatorsasathreatratherthanawarning.”Punch-ups（打群架）arequitecommon.Itcan’tbelongbeforewehearofpistolsandknivesbeingused.

Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.

1.Theauthorismostconcernedabout（）.

2.Theword“deplorable”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Theword“courtesy”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3that（）.

6.Anexampleofgoodmannersontheroadsis（）.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,agooddrivershould（）.

问题1选项

A.trafficjam

B.roadmanners

C.fastpaceoflife

D.highcostofpetrol

问题2选项

A.moreserious

B.moretempting

C.disturbing

D.noticeable

问题3选项

A.driving

B.waving

C.goodmanners

D.badmanners

问题4选项

A.Manydriverstendtofightbackagainstrudebehaviors.

B.Alittlecourtesymayhelpeasethetensionsontheroad.

C.Goodwillandtolerancemayhelprelievetrafficjam.

D.Manydriversnowadayslackagoodsenseofcourtesy.

问题5选项

A.youngdriversaremoreaggressive

B.youngdriverswouldsoonlosetheirgoodmanners

C.elderdriversaremorecautious

D.elderdriversshouldimprovetheirdrivingskills

问题6选项

A.signalingcarstoovertake

B.manufacturingagap

C.selectingalowergear

D.usingthedirectionindicator

问题7选项

A.betechnicallyskilled

B.haveagoodstateofmind

C.besympatheticwithothers

D.takegoodcareofhisvehicle

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。作者围绕交通文明而展开论述。因此B项“道路礼貌”比较符合本文主旨。

2.【试题解析】词义题。“deplorable”所在句为：Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjam,thecostofpetrolandthefastpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingdeplorable（交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏固然应该指责，但道路上的礼仪正变得……）。由此可知，deplorable有“糟糕，变坏”之意，故选A。

3.【试题解析】词义题。对于“courtesy”的理解可参考其所在句子：Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofcourtesyhelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofcourtesyarealltooraretoday.（—个友好的点头或挥手以回应一个……的行为，有助于创造友好和宽容的氛围，而这正是现代交通条件下迫切需要的。但是这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了），由此可知，courtesy意为“礼貌”。

4.【试题解析】主旨大意题。第二段先是提出了道路文明，尾句是主题句：这种礼貌的回应现如今实在太少见了。现在当遇到这样的情况，许多司机甚至都意识不到这种礼貌或好意。因此D项“现在许多司机缺乏礼貌意识”比较符合第二段大意。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：Butthisisshort-livedintheworldofmoderndrivingwheremanydriversneitherexpectnorgiveanymercy.（但是这会是短暂的，在这个现代的驾驶世界，许多司机既不期待也不给予任何宽容），由此推测，B项“年轻的司机很快就会失去他们的礼貌”正确。

6.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出：卡车司机说，他们几乎已经放弃了在道路畅通时向汽车发出超车信号的做法，自己懒得麻烦变道，即使这么做了，上来的车也不会有好的做法。因此，这属于一种道路礼貌的行为，故选A项。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。Drivingisessentiallyastateofmind.Howevertechnicallyskilledadrivermaybe,hecan’tbeanadvancedmotoristifheisalwaysarrogantandaggressive.（开车是一种心态，技术再好的司机，如果傲慢和具有侵略性，也不可能是一位优秀的司机）。由此可知，作者认为，优秀的司机得有一个好心态。故选B。

11.单选题

（

）threebasicissuesoffinancialbonds:corporations,states,andmunicipalities.

问题1选项

A.Someof

B.Thereare

C.Therebeing

D.Thoseofwhich

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据固定句型therebe“有”，表示存在，可排除A和D项，又因为整个句子缺主谓，所以不能用非谓语形式，可排除C项。句意：金融债券有三种基本发行方式:公司债券、国家债券和市政债券。选项B符合题意。

12.翻译题

Whenacompanyunexpectedlyfindsitselflosingmarketshareandtakingabeatingatthehandsofitscompetitors,it’saclearsignalthatachangeisneeded.Foravarietyofreasons,anycompanycansuddenlylosethecompetitiveadvantagethatitpreviouslyenjoyed.(36)Themarkofastrongbusiness,however,isitsabilitytoovercomesuchsetbacksandreclaimitspositionsasthefrontrunnerinitsfield.

Oneofthegreatestvariablesintheprocess,however,istechnology,whichononehandmakesbusinessmoreefficientandthusprofitablethanpreviouslythoughtpossible,butchangesatsucharapidpacethatfewbusinessesutilizeittoitsfullpotential.Thosecompaniesthatinvestheavilyinthelatesttechnologyofthedaymayfindtheirmachinesoutdatedandobsoletethenextyear,thuslosingtheadvantagethattheyhopedtogain,andalsoasubstantialamountofinvestmentmoneyaswell.(37)Thosewhoaremorecautiousandbuylessofthelatestmachinemaylearnthattechnologychangesmoreslowly,andtheircompetitorswhoinvestedmoreheavilynowholdtheupperhand.It’sagameofhitormiss.

Becauseoftheunevenandunpredictablepaceofprogressbetweentechnologicalfields,(38)companiesaredevotingmoreandmoreresourcestonotonlyacquiringmoreofthelatestdevelopments,butresearchingthefactorsthatdeterminetheirproductionsoastopositionthemselvesbettertoadapttothenextchange.Thisstrategyhasbeenproducingpositiveresultsforthosewhoemployit,butitisamassivelyexpensiveone,limitingitsviabilitytoonlythelargestcompanies,whoarealreadyenjoyingmanyadvantagesinthemarket.

Suchdynamicsmakeitincreasinglydifficultfornewsetupcompaniestobreakintoestablishedmarkets,lackingthefundingandcashreservesnecessarytoplaythegamewayasthebigboydo.Thesametechnologythatkeepsthelargecompaniesontop,however,canstilltopplethem.(39)Newandsmallercompanieshavelesstoloseandthuscanaffordtogambleonnewtechnologiesthatlargercompaniesconsidertooriskytodevotethemselvesto.(40)Intherareoccurrenceswhentheseriskyendeavorsbearfruit,providingthemselveswiththewayoffuture,therewardstothosedaringenough,orsmallenough,toinvestinthemprovewellworththeeffort.

【答案】36.然而，一个强大企业的标志是它有能力克服这些挫折，重新成为该领域的领跑者。

37.那些更谨慎、较少购买最新产品的公司可能会发现，技术进步越缓慢，他们竞争对手投资越多现在越占据上风。

38.企业投入越来越多的资源，来换取更多的最新发展和研究生产要素，以便更好地定位自己，从而适应下一次变化。

39.新公司和小公司因为损失更小，所以能够在新技术上赌一把，而大公司会认为风险太大而放弃投入。

40.这些冒险的努力很少会取得成果，继而为他们指明未来的道路。而对于那些非常敢于投资或小型企业来说，回报会证明这样的投资是值得的。

13.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersintheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheels.Itisallverywell,againtohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“Bekindtootherdrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwithdeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgivesrisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadaremainlycausedby

.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule”(Para.A.1)impliesthat_________.

3.By“goodsense”,thewritermeans

.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,______.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardsroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstituteamajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultyandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.”可知，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为导致的。因此选项C符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到如今彬彬有礼的驾车者却成了例外（Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule），由此可推测粗鲁的司机占了大多数，选项D符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句提到道路礼仪不仅是好的态度，还是良好的意识（Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.），接着又提到当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑（Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior），说明良好的意识就是能够忍受一些不良的行为，因此选项C符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章最后一段倒数第二句话提到专家几年前就告诫我们汽车数量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers），因此选项CB符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.”一个资深的司机，认为司机应该学会正确加入交通而不会造成令人生气的交通阻塞。可知，作者认为司机应该适当地使用礼貌。因此选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflower