考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Kuwaitisfamousforits______resources.

问题1选项

A.fame

B.jaw

C.petroleum

D.jar

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fame“名声，声誉”；B选项jaw“下颌”；C选项petroleum“石油”；D选项jar“（玻璃）罐子；坛子”。句意：科威特以其______资源而闻名。根据语境，这里要表达的是科威特因为拥有某个资源而出名，C选项petroleum“石油”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiodhowpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposedandexperienced.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusicalthoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

21.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheunderlinedword“eventually”inPara.1?

22.Theunderlinedphrase“frownedon”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.

23.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof____.

24.Accordingtothepassage,whywasBernardinoCirillodisappointedwiththemusicofhistime?

25.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid.

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”.

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians.

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet.

问题2选项

A.givenup

B.forgottenabout

C.arguedabout

D.disapprovedof

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.Itwasnotcomplexenoughtoappealtomusicians.

B.Ithadlittleemotionalimpactonaudiences.

C.Itwastoodependentontheartandliteratureofhistime.

D.Itdidnotcontainenoughreligiousthemes.

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了‘文艺复兴’这个词”。

B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用‘文艺复兴’这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。

C选项“‘文艺复兴’一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。

D选项“音乐历史学家使用的‘文艺复兴’一词与朱尔斯•米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。

22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frownedon的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。

A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。

A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。

B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。

D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。

24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirillo…“他们了解了古代音乐打动听者的力量，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝纳迪诺•西里洛……”，从这里可知引出西里洛不满的目的只是为了举例，说明古代音乐打动听者但是现在音乐就没有这种效果了，西里洛非常不满，希望音乐也能像雕塑、戏剧一样对古代文化进行重新发掘，所以B选项“它对观众的情感影响很小”正确。

A选项“它不够复杂，不足以吸引音乐家”，见正确选项，从这里可知不满是因为现在音乐打动不了听者而不是音乐家，所以A选项错误，这里属于张冠李戴。

C选项“它太依赖于他那个时代的艺术和文学”，文章没有提及。

D选项“它没有包含足够的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从中可知文艺复兴时期的艺术家都是从宗教事务转向世俗事务，所以作为一个文艺复兴时期的艺术家不会因为宗教成分过少而感到不满所以D选项错误。

25.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段第二句话Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.“此外，音乐在这一个半世纪中变化如此之快——尽管在不同的国家变化速度不同，以至于我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格”，从这里可知答案选D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从不是一成不变的”。

B选项“音乐文艺复兴的时间太短，不足以产生一种新的音乐风格”，见正确选项解析，不是文艺复兴时间段太短了导致没有音乐风格而是文艺复兴时期出现的音乐风格太多导致无法给他们下一个明确的定义，这里属于偷换概念。

A选项“音乐文艺复兴的定义是技术而不是风格”定位到最后一段第一句话ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.“欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和心理状态”，这里虽然表述正确，但是与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。

C选项“文艺复兴时期的音乐家采用了希腊和罗马音乐家的风格”虽然文章有提及整个文艺复兴是对古希腊罗马文化的借鉴重生，但是不是为什么音乐界的文艺复兴风格缺失的原因与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。

3.单选题

Humanbeingsspendalotoftimetryingtofigureoutwhatwillmakethemhappy,butnotnearlyenoughtimetryingto（

）thehappinesstheyalreadyhave.

问题1选项

A.hangonto

B.putupwith

C.lookdownon

D.goinfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。hangonto意为“紧紧握住”；putupwith意为“忍受，容忍”；lookdownon意为“看不起，轻视”；goinfor意为“从事”。句意：人类花了很多时间试图找出什么会使他们快乐，但却没有足够的时间去尝试把握他们已经拥有的幸福。

4.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.

B.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.

C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromanillness.

D.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.

问题2选项

A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.

B.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.

C.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.

D.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneystone.

问题3选项

A.Abitbetter.

B.Terriblyawful.

C.Couldn'tbebetter.

D.Okay,butabitweak.

问题4选项

A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.

B.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecovery.

C.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.

D.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.

问题5选项

A.From4p.m.to6p.m.

B.From5p.m.to7p.m.

C.From6p.m.to8p.m.

D.From7p.m.to9p.m.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】W:Hello.

M:Hello!

W:So,didyouhaveacomfortablenight?

M:No,notreally.

W:Sorrytohearthat.Andhowareyoufeelingatthemoment?

M:Abitbetter.

W:Youdon’tfeelsickatall?

M:No,I’mOK.

W:That’sgood!Areyouhavingsipsofwater?

M:No.

W:Wouldyoulikesome?

M:Well,Idon’treallyfeellike

W:Ah,youcan’tdrinkanythingatthemoment.

M:Thenurseshavebeengivingmemouthwashes.

W:Yes.Ithinkyoubegintopickupasthedaygoeson.Andwe’llcarryongivingyousomethingtoeasethediscomfort.Doesithurtmuch?

M:Well,itdoeswhenImoveabout.

W:Right.(19)Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine.

M:OK,Ican’tsayI’mreallylookingforwardtothat.

W:(17)YouhaveaprettybiggallstoneandtheGallbladderwasquiteinflamed.Therewasalotofinfectionarounditandinsideit.(16)Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble.

M:Uh.

W:Anymorequestionsoranythingwecandoforyou?

M:No,IthinkI’mOK.(18)I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment.Whenwillmywifebeabletocomeandseeme?Thenursestoldmebefore,butIcan’tremember.

W:(20)Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening.

M:OK,thankyou.She’llbeheretonightinthatcase.

W:Fine.I’llstopintoseeyoutomorrow.

M:Thankyou.

16.What’strueaboutthemanintheconversation?

【解析】女士说“Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble”可知，男士得了胆结石，而且胆囊发炎，但现在取出来了，所以是刚经历过手术。故选B。

17.Whatwaswrongwiththeman?

【解析】女士说“Youhaveaprettybiggallstoneandthegallbladderwasquiteinflamed”，由此可知，他胆囊发炎了。故选B。

18.Howisthemanfeelingnow?

【解析】男士说“I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment”，由此可知，病人仍旧感到虚弱。

19.What’sthemansupposedtodoaccordingtothedoctor’sorders?

【解析】女士说“Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine”可知，男士会四处活动一下。故选D。

20.What’sthehospital’svisitinghours?

【解析】女士“Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening”可知，探访时间是晚上6点到8点。故选C。

5.单选题

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。

6.单选题

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

问题2选项

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

问题3选项

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

问题4选项

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

问题5选项

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。

4.根据第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。

7.单选题

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Theearliest（1）abouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'saccuracytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartas（2）frommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywas（3）withthestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthe（4）thatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographers（5）thatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyis（6）establishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariously（7）tobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anything（8）makingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.Itshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakefor（9）theconceptofartimposedbythe（10）ofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

问题1选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题2选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题3选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题4选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题5选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题6选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题7选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题8选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题9选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题10选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

【答案】第1题:G

第2题:C

第3题:I

第4题:A

第5题:E

第6题:B

第7题:M

第8题:K

第9题:L

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:1.由下文“whether….”可知此空填controversies正确，句意：最早关于摄影和艺术关系的争论集中在…

2.bedistinctfrom“与…不同”。

3.beidenticalwith“与…一致”。

4.由that….可知此空指有人指责。句意：有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、对现实的机械复制…

5.此空应填一个动词，句意：摄影师们宣称，这是一种特殊的观看方式，是对平庸视觉的反抗，是一种与绘画同等价值的艺术。

6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此处意为：具有讽刺意味的是，现在摄影被安全地确立为一门艺术，许多摄影师认为它自命不凡或与此标签不相关。

7.claimtodosth“声称做某事”。

8.anythingbut“根本不，决不”。

9.takeforgranted“认为是理所当然的”。

10.此处要填名词。句意：它显示了他们仅仅把现代主义胜利强加的艺术概念视为理所当然的程度：艺术越好，对艺术的传统目标就越有颠覆性。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

第6题:

第7题:

第8题:

第9题:

第10题:

8.单选题

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。activate“刺激，使活动”；alleviate“减轻，缓和”；mediate“调解，居中”；deteriorate“恶化”。句意：这种药减轻了他的疼痛，但是没有治愈他的病。由but…可知空格处所填词的内容性质与其相反，故B项正确。

9.单选题

Thedoctor’s（）wasthatsheshouldgoandseethespecialistinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.constraint

B.counsel

C.coherence

D.consciousness

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。constraint约束，强制；counsel劝告，忠告；coherence一致；consciousness意识，知觉。

句意:医生的（）就是她应该去看这个领域的专家。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Todaywemakeroomforaremarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.We’retoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts—whichmeansthatwe’velostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts—intheotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyou’renotanintrovertyourself,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone.

Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that'sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closetintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeevent—alayoff,anemptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylike―jolts（震惊）themintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts.Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.WelivewithavaluesystemthatIcalltheExtrovertIdeal—theomnipresent（无所不在的）beliefthattheidealselfisgregarious（社交的）,andcomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavorsquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividual―thekindwho’scomfortable“puttinghimselfoutthere.”Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.

Introversion—alongwithitscousinssensitivity,seriousness,andshyness—isnowasecond-classpersonalitytrait,somewherebetweenadisappointmentandapathology（变态）.IntrovertslivingundertheExtrovertIdealarelikewomeninaman’sworld,discountedbecauseofatraitthatgoestothecoreofwhotheyare.Extroversionisanenormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe’veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwemustconform.

TheExtrovertIdealhasbeendocumentedinmanystudies,thoughthisresearchhasneverbeengroupedunderasinglename.Talkativepeople,forexample,areratedassmarter,better-looking,moreinteresting,andmoredesirableasfriends.Velocityofspeechcountsaswellasvolume:werankfasttalkersasmorecompetentandlikablethanslowones.Eventhewordintrovertisstigmatized—oneinformalstudy,bypsychologistLaurieHelgoe,foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegenericintrovertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture.

ButwemakeagravemistaketoembracetheExtrovertIdealsounthinkingly.Someofourgreatestideas,art,andinventions—fromthetheoryofevolutiontovanGogh’ssunflowerstothepersonalcomputer—camefromquietandcerebralpeoplewhoknewhowtotuneintotheirinnerworldsandthetreasurestobefoundthere.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thereexists,asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,adiscrepancybetween（

）.

2.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,oursocietyonlypermits

（

）

tohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion?

5.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha

（

）

note.

问题1选项

A.whatpeoplesaytheycandoandwhattheyactuallycan

B.whatsocietyvaluesandwhatpeoplepretendtobe

C.whatpeopleprofessandwhatstatisticsshow

D.whatpeopleprofessandwhattheyhidefromothers

问题2选项

A.doubtful

B.sociable

C.determined

D.bold

问题3选项

A.theyoung

B.theordinary

C.theartistic

D.therich

问题4选项

A.Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity.

B.Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople.

C.Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient.

D.Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles.

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.warning

C.positive

D.humorous

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts...One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts（我们把自己看作是一个外向的国家……三分之一到一半的美国人是内向的）和第二段中的Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that'sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.（如果这些统计数据让你感到惊讶，那可能是因为太多人假装外向）可知人们宣称的结果与统计的结果存在不一致，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.（典型的外向型倾向于行动而不是沉思，倾向于冒险而不是谨慎，倾向于确定而不是怀疑）可知“怀疑”不是理想的外向者的特质，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.（我们允许在车库里开办公司的技术天才孤独者拥有他们喜欢的任何性格，但他们是例外，而不是规则。我们的宽容主要延伸到那些非常富有的人身上，或是那些信守承诺的人身上）可知社会允许富人拥有他们喜欢的个性，因此选D。

4.主旨大意题。由文章第三段中的Extroversionisanenormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe’veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwemustconform.（外向是一种非常吸引人的个性风格，但我们已经把它变成了一种压迫性的标准，我们大多数人认为我们必须遵守）可知B选项“外向是被社会作为一种规范强加给人们的武断行为”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由题干关键词windsup（结束）定位到文章的最后一段中，由ButwemakeagravemistaketoembracetheExtrovertIdealsounthinkingly.（但是我们犯了一个严重的错误，不加思考地接受外向的理想主义）可知作者的语气是警告的，因此选B。

11.单选题

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

It