考研考博-英语-吉林化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林化工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.InreachingthisconclusiontheCourtexaminedthespecifickindsofdutieswhichthelawhadimposedinavarietyofsituationsandderivedtherefromageneralprincipleforthelawofnegligence.

InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.Inthiswayrulesoflawarisewhichlimittherangeofcomplainantsandtheextentoftheirremedy.Therulethatyouaretoloveyourneighborbecomesinlaw,youmustnotinjureyourneighbor;andthelawyer’squestion,whoismyneighbor?receivesarestrictedreply.Youmusttakereasonablecaretoavoidactsoromissionswhichyoucanreasonablyforeseewouldbelikelytoinjureyourneighbor.Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentence,apersoninjuredmaynotbeabletorecoveragainstanegligentactorwhocausedtheharmbecause___.

2.LordAtkinthinksthat___.

3.Inthesenseoftortlaw,aneighborisonewho___.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasoningforthelawofnegligence___.

问题1选项

A.therelacksarelationofcontractbetweenthetwo

B.theydonotknoweachother

C.theactorisnegligent

D.manufacturersdonotoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumer

问题2选项

A.Englishlawdoesnothaveageneralconceptionofdutyofcare

B.theliabilityfornegligenceshouldbestyledasaspeciesof“culpa”

C.theliabilityfornegligenceisbaseduponapublicunderstandingthatoffendersmustpayfortheirwrongdoing

D.everypersoninjuredshouldbegivenarighttodemandrelief

问题3选项

A.livesnextdoortoyou

B.youoweadutyofcare

C.shouldbetakengoodcareof

D.hasfriendlyrelationshipwithyou

问题4选项

A.Thereisadutytotakecareimposedbylaw

B.Thedoerfailedtotakecare

C.Thefailurecauseddamagesorinjurytoothers

D.Thedoerhasforeseentheresult

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.（合同相对性的缺失使一个人无法对给自己造成伤害的过失行为人获得赔偿，无论该过失行为是否构成了对他人的违约）可知选A选项“两者之间缺乏契约关系”；B选项“他们彼此不认识”，C选项“行为人疏忽”第一段未提及；根据第一段第二句TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英国上议院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商确实对最终消费者负有注意义务，不应在制造过程中造成伤害风险）可知D选项“制造商对最终消费者不负有注意义务”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.（过失责任，无论你将其视为“罪犯”的一种，或将其视为其他制度中的一种，无疑是基于公众普遍的道德错误情绪，而犯罪者必须为此付出代价）可知C选项“过失责任的基础是公众认识到违法者必须为他们的过错付出代价”正确；根据第二段开头InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.（用阿特金勋爵的话说：目前我满足于指出，在英国法律中，必须而且是一些关系的一般概念，产生了一种谨慎的义务，书中所发现的特殊情况只是实例）可知A选项“英国法没有注意义务的一般概念”和原文相悖；B选项“过失责任应该被定义为一种‘过失’”原文没有直接说明；第二段Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.（但是，在现实世界中，任何道德准则都不会责难的作为或不作为都不能被视为给予每一个受其伤害的人要求救济的权利）可知D选项“每个受伤的人都应该被赋予要求救济的权利”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.（这样，谁是我的邻舍呢？答案似乎是——那些受到我的行为密切而直接影响的人，当我将我的思想导向被质疑的作为或不作为时，我应该合理地考虑他们是如何受到影响的）可知在侵权法的意义上，邻居是会受到“我”行为密切影响的人，“我”需要考虑他们是如何受到影响，选B选项“你应负注意义务”；A选项“住在你隔壁”，D选项“与你有友好的关系”原文未提及；原文只是说“我”的行为会密切和直接影响邻居，没有要求必须好好照顾邻居，C选项“应该被好好照顾”错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段末TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.（阿特金勋爵的判决推理的基本结构可以说如下：（1）在一系列案件中，法院发现了因疏忽而应承担的责任。（2）在这些案件中，法院确立了谨慎的标准。（3）在这些情况下，我们可以从法律规定的注意义务（注意标准）中推断出来。过失法也适用于这种行为）可知A选项“法律规定有谨慎的义务”，B选项“行事者没有注意”符合原文，同时可知D选项“行为者已经预见了结果”和原文相悖，原文明确提出在一系列案件中，法院发现了因疏忽而应承担的责任；根据第一段TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英国上议院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商确实对最终消费者负有注意义务，不应在制造过程中造成伤害风险）可知造成伤害风险的话是需要承担义务，则为C选项“该故障对他人造成损害或伤害”也属于过失法的理由。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphiloso¬phies.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harm¬ful,oraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesthatweunquestionablyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd；BraveNewWorldridiculesthepreten¬sionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxley,andpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiremethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopin¬ions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscom¬bination,andspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausethereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Sat¬ireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstore¬mindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaishypocritical,sentimental,andonlypar¬tiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbutlendloforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhydoestheauthormentionDonQuixote,BraveNewWorldandAModestproposalinthefirstparagraph?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatiricliterature?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（）

问题1选项

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

问题2选项

A.Theyarefamousexamplesofsatiricliterature.

B.Theypresentcommonsensesolutionstoproblems.

C.Theyareappropriateforreadersofallages.

D.Theyarebookswithsimilarstories.

问题3选项

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralsandethics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

问题4选项

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopment

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“presentsthefamiliarinanewform”，可知首先讽刺作品以新的形式呈现熟悉的事物。后面提到了“Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular…madetheminterestingandentertaining.”表达方法和讽刺技巧让讽刺文学流行，所以主要讲到了讽刺文学的流行原因。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，作者用《堂吉诃德》、《奇妙的新世界》和《温和的建议》这三部小说举例子，这三部小说都是著名的讽刺小说，以独特的手法来呈现熟悉的事物，以此来论证自己的观点。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombination…”，可知讽刺文学中是将熟悉的事物不协调地组合在一起，并不是奇怪的事物的组合。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“remindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaishypocritical,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.”。提醒人们在媒体上看到的听到的并不完全是真实的。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Whenmakingmoderncameras,peoplebeganto（）plasticsformetal.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.substance

C.stretch

D.substitute

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。surround“环绕，包围”；substance“物质”；stretch“伸展，拉紧”；substitute“替换，代替”。句意：做现代摄像头时，人们开始用塑料替换金属。D项符合题意。

4.单选题

Thelettersaidthattherewasan______,butIcouldn’tfindwhereitwas.

问题1选项

A.emergency

B.exposure

C.enclosure

D.expenditure

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项emergency“紧急情况，突发事件”，B项exposure“暴露，曝光，揭露”，C项enclosure“附件，围墙”，D项expenditure“支出，花费”。根据句子关键词letter“信”可知，空格处应该表示“附件”。句意：信上说有一个附件，但我找不到它在哪里。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.单选题

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。

6.单选题

Doeshehavetherightworkexperienceandskills?（）,canhedothejob?

问题1选项

A.Inanotherway

B.Inotherways

C.Inanotherword

D.Inotherwords

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inanotherway另一方面；inotherways在其他方面；ininotherwords换句话说。inantherword没有这个搭配。空格前后句子意思相似，故D项正确。句意：他有相关的工作经验和技能吗？换言之，他能做这个工作吗？

7.单选题

Hedoesnot___asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.

问题1选项

A.equal

B.match

C.qualify

D.fit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项equal“等于；比得上”；B选项match“相配，相称；相似；与……成对；配对；”；C选项qualify“限定，修饰；使具有资格；证明……合格”；D选项fit“安装；使……适应；使……合身；与……相符”。句意：他不能___英语教师的工作，因为他的发音很糟糕。本句表达“他没有资格作为英语老师”，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof（）.

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize（）.

问题1选项

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

问题2选项

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

问题3选项

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

问题4选项

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

问题5选项

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍河流对于文明和发展的作用。因此B项“河流生命对于早期文明发展的影响”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判断推理题。题干问的是:下列哪项是美索不达米亚中供水的不可预测性所产生的社会影响?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(这种努力需要大量人员的前所未有的合作。只有十几户家庭的小村庄容易受到经济冲击，但是在年长村民的指导下，这些村庄可能会学着在建立协调的水治理系统中进行人力资源共享，这吋候乡村的安全和稳定性以及繁荣度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不达米亚的文明之种正被播散开来)。故选B“它激发了水资源管理体系创新的相互合作”。

3.细节事实题。通过题干关键词geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同样，早期的测量和估算方法，以及几何学的初期发展，都是因为需要记录土地的所有权和记录被周期性淹没的土地边界范围而刺激发展的。因此，最初几何学主要是为了记录土地的所有权和实际情况而发展的)。故选D“土地所有者”。

4.判断推理题。题干为:中东地区的复杂文明的出现主要依赖于之前的哪项的发展？第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(随着中东地区的气候变化，出现的状况导致了复杂和先进的文明形式。……当美索不达米亚的幼发拉底河变得更干旱后，产生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了拥有先进农业技术的移民。即中东地区的先进文明的发展有依靠农业技术的支持),故选A“基本的农业技术”。

5.作者意图题。题干为:作者谈及印度和中国的文明出现主要是为了强调什么？根据题干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所产生的类似的发展，比如：印度西北部河流，中国的黄河)。因此,文章中谈及印度和中国，是为了说明河流同样在这些国家的发展中起到的作用,因此D项“在世界各地人类文化的发展中，河流发挥关键的作用”正确。

9.翻译题

Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebooks—lessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentauto-biographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRemydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimself—whowouldsuspectit?—isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.

【答案】不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，只有极少数作品——或许不到50本——是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯•桑德拉尔指出，古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，并且了解书的这种重复性。桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，没有人会怀疑这一点。他阅读了大部分作家的原作。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世界上，几乎没有人能像他一样，不仅读得广、读得精，而且还著述颇丰。可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的。因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何“肆意浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学界的凯撒大帝。

10.问答题

Manypeopleare(A)naturallydistrustfulofambition,feelingthatitrepresents(B)somethingintractableinhumannature.ThusJohnDeanentitledhisbookabouthisinvolvementintheWatergateaffairduringtheNixonadministrationBlindAmbition,asifambition(C)weretobeblamedforhisignobleactions,andnottheconstellationofqualitiesthat(D)makeuphisrathershabbycharacter.

【答案】C；改成weretoblameforhisignobleactions.toblame用主动形式表被动意义。

11.单选题

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured.Asasocietyweignorantlytakeadvantageoftheamenitiesprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasessuchaspolio,measles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasesmaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiringvitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientismandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientists,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycomprisesoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe（）.

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate（）.

3.Nothing,accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificwithadvances

问题2选项

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

问题3选项

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

问题4选项

A.people’signoranceoftheirculture

B.people’signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people’smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvance

问题5选项

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured”,如果没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降，我们繁荣富强的国家就会陷入经济萧条，我们的人民就会患上无法治愈的疾病。由此可知，科技对我们的生活是十分重要的。因此A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances”,医疗保健是我们社会的一个方面，它把我们和我们的古老祖先分开，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上。由此可知，医疗保健和疫苗是科技发展的一个见证。因此A选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled”,没有这台机器，我们的世界可能存在，但电脑带来的便利是无与伦比的。由此可知，电脑是一项伟大的发明，它所带来的便利和益处是其他发明难以企及的。因此C选项符合题意。

4.作者意图题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem”,但我们有必要检查我们的文化如此公然的忽视科学的便利设施。例如，电灯泡、电、电话、自来水和汽车是我们当今社会的必需品，然而，它们直到科学家发现后才出现。由此可知作者对于便利设施的忽视是持不满态度的。因此B选项符合题意。

5.作者意图题。作者从最开始的科技对人类生活的重要性，到医疗保健和疫苗对人类健康的保证，以及计算机和科技设施的影响，都是积极赞赏的语气，因此C选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈从于……,使隶属;file把……归档,提出(申请等);commit犯罪,做错事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后,预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼,指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起诉。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推断题。根据对话推断John是对话中女士的男友。

14.单选题

Becausetheywereunawareofhisinterestsinthebuilding,theydidnotunderstandwhyhe

AB

feltsobad.

CD

问题1选项

A.unawareof

B.interests

C.felt

D.sobad

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词单复数。interest意为“兴趣”时，为不可数名词。

试题答案：B;interestin

15.单选题

Virtuallyunknownadecadeago,bigonlineteachereducationprogramsnowdwarftheirtraditionalcompetitors,outstripping(超过)eventhelargeststateuniversityteachers’colleges.

AUSATODAYanalysisofnewlyreleasedU.S.DepartmentofEducationdatafindsthatfourbiguniversities,operatingmostlyonline,havequicklybecomethelargesteducationschoolsintheUSA.Lastyearthefour—threeofwhichareforprofit—awardedonein16bachelor’sdegreesandpost-graduateawardsandnearlyonein11advancededucationawards,includingmaster’sdegreesanddoctorates.

Adecadeago,thefor-profitUniversityofPhoenixawarded72educationdegreestoteachers,administratorsandotherschoolpersonnelthroughitsonlineprogram,accordingtofederaldata.Lastyear,itawardednearly6,000degrees,morethananyotheruniversity.

Traditionalcollegesstillproducemostofthebachelor’sdegreesinteaching—ASUtoppedthelistwith979bache