考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

问题1选项

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。题干中先行词是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Sheisseriouslyill.

B.Shehastolookafterherhusbandathome.

C.Shewillpersuadeherhusbandtogotohospital.

D.Shewillbetakengoodcareofbyhersisteranddaughter.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Oh,Icouldn'tpossiblydothat.Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway,who’dlookafterhim?

M:Icanunderstandyourconcerns.Ifyouknewthathewouldhavecomeheretoday,whatdoyouthinkhewouldsay?

W:He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals.

M:Well,youmightalsothinkaboutwhatyouwouldsaytoyoursisteranddaughter?

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?

【解析】女士说：Icouldn’ttellmyhusbandandanyway（我不知道怎么开口告诉他），He’dbesoworried.Hedoesn’tlikeitwhenanyoneissickandhehateshospitals（他平时就恨生病，也讨厌来医院），因此她一直焦虑如何说服丈夫来医院。

3.单选题

Researchshowsthatmanyvoterswhohaven’tyetmadeuptheirmindsare______towardstheDemocrats.

问题1选项

A.tilting

B.skidding

C.transferring

D.sliding

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tilt“倾斜，翘起，俯仰（摄影机）”，B项skid“刹住，使减速，滚滑”，C项transfer“转让，转接，移交”，D项slide“滑动，平稳地走，悄悄移动”。根据句子意思“研究表明，许多尚未做出决定的选民都……向民主党”可知，tilt符合语境，tilttowards表示“偏向，向……倾斜”。句意：研究表明，许多尚未下定决心的选民正倾向于民主党。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.单选题

TheSwisspsychologistJeanPiagetreportedastrikingcasefromhisownpast.Herememberedhisnannypushinghiminhiscarriagewhenamancameupandtriedtokidnaphim.

问题1选项

A.assault

B.abduct

C.embrace

D.compliment

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.assault袭击，侵犯人身（尤指构成罪行）B.abduct劫持，绑架

C.embrace抱，拥抱D.compliment赞美，称赞

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】kidnap的意思为“劫持，绑架”，和him构成动宾搭配，指的是有个男人试图绑架他，abduct与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】瑞士心理学家让•皮亚杰报告了自己过去的一个不同寻常的案例。他记得他的保姆在他的马车里推着他，这时有个男人走过来并试图绑架他。

5.单选题

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

问题1选项

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。automotive自动的；instructive有教育意义的；unconventional不按照惯例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新闻节目已经成为大多数城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrawacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.

1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause（）.

2.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause______.

3.AccordingtoFriesandCrapo,soundhealthchoiceshouldbebasedon______.

问题1选项

A.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

问题2选项

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

C.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends

D.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife

问题3选项

A.personaldecisions

B.society'slaws

C.friends'opinions

D.statisticalevidence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为______。文章第二句话提到“Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为______。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现象做了总结：Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors。说明影响因素是方方面面的。因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于______。根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“…personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项ensure“保证，确保（侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果）；使安全”；B选项guarantee“保证；担保（指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证）”；C选项assure“保证；担保（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，从而有达到目的的保证感）；使确信；弄清楚”；D选项fulfill“履行；实现；满足；使结束”。句意：为了___反对暴政的自由，我们的先辈制定了这些规则。本句侧重表达“确保达到反对暴政的自由这一目的”。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

问题1选项

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；A选项“local当地的；局部的；地方性的”；B选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常见的”；C选项good“好的；优良的；愉快的”；D选项unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不顺利的”。句意：由于天气条件恶劣，旅行者们停下来露营。根据句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp这些旅客停下了去扎营”可知adverse在这里的意思为“不利的”，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Competition,manypeoplebelieve,

thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.

问题1选项

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。

10.翻译题

Francehasastrongregionalidentity.WhenaFrenchmantalksof”monpays"（mycountry）,heismorelikelytobereferringtotheareainwhichhegrewupthantothenationasawhole.SoNormandy（诺曼底）remainsresolutelyNorman.Brittany（布列塔尼）defiantlyBreton,andthevillagesofthesouthdecidedlycontrary.

Andbecauseofthislocalsenseofbeing,thebakerfromanotherregionbeyondthehillswillberegardedasmuchofaforeignerasthewelcomevisitorfromoverseas,clutchingaguidebook.Andregionalprideguaranteesthatshopkeepers,restaurateursandeventheoldmanplayingpetanque（滚球游戏）onadustyvillagesquarewillupgradethewelcometoanystrangerifonlytoprovethattheirregionistheonlytrueFrance.

You'llsoondiscoverthat,asmuchasthelandscape,itisthelocalfoodthatdefineseachregionofFrance.Chanceencountersaresometimesthebest一comingacrossastrawberryfairinthenorth,oranolivemarketinthesouth;happeninguponmonkstendingtheirvinesinawalledclos（庄园）fillingcuppedpalmsandanysparebottleswithmineralwaterinaspa-resort（温泉胜地）；orwatchingthemorningcatchspillontoaharborquayside（码头区）.

【答案】法国每个区域都有其强烈的特色。当一个法国人谈起“我的国家”，他很有可能指的是他所成长的区域，而非整个法国。因此诺曼底人一定会说起诺曼底区，布列塔尼人会直率的指出他是来自布列塔尼区，以及所有南方地区的村庄都是如此。

正因为区域意识的存在，从山的另一边的区域而来的面包师会被当地人当作手持旅行指南的外国人，或是受欢迎的海外观光客。区域的自豪感使得店主和饭店老板，甚至是正在满是灰尘的广场上玩滚球游戏的老人，都会增加对任何一个陌生人的欢迎程度，只要能证明他们所在的区域才是真正的法国。

你很快就会发现，和地图一样，每个地区的食物将每个地区区分开来。有时偶然碰上的反而是最好的！比如你在北部偶遇的草莓集市，或是在南部发现的橄榄集市；又比如碰巧在围墙内的庄园中遇见僧人正在照料葡萄藤，葡萄遍布在凹陷的棕榈植物中间，或是品尝了在温泉胜地中用多余的瓶子盛的矿泉水；又比如你恰巧看到清晨在码头区打捞后的漏网之鱼。

11.单选题

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

问题1选项

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】时态错误。hadmovedto改为havemovedto。“Ialreadyfeel我已经感觉”是一般现在时态，因此，前一个表示原因的分句应该用现在完成时态。

12.单选题

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与…相连”；berelevantto意为“与…有关的”。选项D符合语境。

13.单选题

Haveyoueverfeltyourlifegointoslowmotionasyourealizesomethingbadishappening?Youmighthavejustknockedoverawineglassornoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,forexample.Nowscientistshavemeasuredexactlyhowmuchtheseattention-grabbingeventsslowdownourperceptionoftheworldaroundus.

Anotherexampleoftheworldappearingtoslowdowniswhenyouarehangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend.Ifyourattentionwanderswhileyou’rewaiting,thensuddenlyswitchesback,youwillprobablyhearwhatseemslikealongerthanusualsilencebeforehearingthedialingtoneagain.Foryou,timewillhavemomentarilyslowed.

Toseehowourperceptionoftimechangeswhensomethingnewhappens,VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesputheadphonesonvolunteersandplayedeightbeepstotheirrightears.Thegapbetweeneachbeepwasexactly1second,exceptforthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeeps,whichthescientistscouldmakeshorterorlonger.Theyalteredthelengthofthisgapuntilthevolunteersestimateditwasthesamelengthastheothergaps.Theresearchersfoundthat,onaverage,peoplejudgeasecondslightlyshort,at955milliseconds.

Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,thefirstfourbeepswereplayedtothesubject’srightear,buttheotherfourwerethenplayedtotheirleft.Again,thevolunteerswereaskedtoestimatewhenthegapbetweenthefourthandfifthbeepswasthesameastheothers.Thistimetheyjudgedasecondtobeevenshorteras825millisecondslong.

Perceivingasecondtobemuchshorterthanitismakesyoufeelasthoughtheworldhasgoneintoslowmotion,sincelesshappensinthatsliceoftime.Walshthinkstheeffectcouldhaveevolvedtogiveusafractionmoretimetoreacttopotentiallythreateningevents.

Lastyear,KieranYarrow,aBritishpsychologistfoundasimilareffectwithvision.Whenyouglanceataclock,thefirstsecondwillseemlongerthanitreallyis.

Yarrow’sresultsshowedthattimeappeartoslowdownbyasimilaramountasWalshfound.Previousstudieshaveshownthatcoolingthebodyslowsdownourperceptionoftimewhilewarmingituphastheoppositeeffect.

1.Afteryounoticedacarhurtlingtowardsyou,youmightfeelthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hangingonthephonewaitingforsomeonetopickupattheotherend,youmight（

）.

3.VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto（

）.

4.WhathaveVincentandhiscolleaguesfoundthroughtheexperiment?

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatwhenwearehot,we’llfeeltime（

）.

问题1选项

A.theworldaroundyouhadsloweddown

B.somethingbadwasgoingtohappen

C.lifehadsuddenlybecomemeaningless

D.people'slifewassofragile

问题2选项

A.haveahighconcentrationofmind.

B.feelveryannoyedatthepeopleontheotherend

C.feeltimeissomehowsloweddown

D.beunabletohearthedialingtone

问题3选项

A.seewhichearismoresensitivetobeeps

B.findouttherelationshipbetweentimeandlife

C.studyhowtimechangesatthe4and5hbeeps

D.observehowpeople’sperceptionoftimechanges

问题4选项

A.Theleftearofpeopleismoresensitivethantherightone.

B.Peoplejudgeasecondtobeslightlyshorterthanitreallyis.

C.Researchsubjectsarelessaccuratethanresearchersinjudgingasecond.

D.Normallyasecondisinfacteither955millisecondsor825milliseconds.

问题5选项

A.runsfaster

B.stopsalltogether

C.runsslower

D.reversesitsdirection

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Nowscientistshavemeasuredexactlyhowmuchtheseattention-grabbingeventsslowdownourperceptionoftheworldaroundus.”科学家们精确地测量了这些引人注目的事件在多大程度上减慢了我们对周围世界的感知。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，当你在等待电话另一端的人接电话的时候，你会觉得时间暂时慢了下来。选项C正确。

3.根据第三段的第一句“Toseehowourperceptionoftimechangeswhensomethingnewhappens,VincentWalshandhiscolleaguesputheadphonesonvolunteersandplayedeightbeepstotheirrightears.”VincentWalsh和他的同事们做实验是为了了解当新事物发生时，我们对时间的感知是如何变化的。选项D符合原文。

4.Vincent和同事们做的实验，两个部分都得出一个结论，那就是人们认为一秒钟的时间比实际时间要短。选项B正确。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Previousstudieshaveshownthatcoolingthebodyslowsdownourperceptionoftimewhilewarmingituphastheoppositeeffect.”以前的研究表明，给身体降温会减缓我们对时间的感知，而给身体升温则会产生相反的效果，也就是会加快我们对时间的感知，认为时间比实际时间要快。选项A正确。

14.单选题

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

问题1选项

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contraryn.相反，反面；B选项contradictionn.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversyn.争论，论战；D选项contradictoryn.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。

15.单选题

Beforethemid-1860's,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedattheMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimal-drawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.

Overconstantlyshrinkingroutes,coachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelate1860's,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainsCityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadBillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthatarailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdeserts,mountainsandsemiaridplainscouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadBill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.

1.Whydoestheauthorrefertotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860'sas“limited”?

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroadexpanded?

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainparagraph2?

4.Whylittleconstructionwascompletedthoughthebillhadlongbeensigned?

问题1选项

A.Becausepassengerspreferredwagonsandstagecoaches.

B.Becauseothermodesoftransportationhadtobeemployed.

C.Becausetheywereonlycenterforwaterbornetransportation.

D.Becausethetrackdidnottakedirectroutefromonecitytothenext.

问题2选项

A.Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficienttrainedpeopletooperatethem.

问题3选项

A.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

B.TogiveanexampleofobstaclesfacedbytheCentralPacific.

C.ToarguethatadirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.

D.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.

问题4选项

A.Becauseofaworrythatlittlebenefitwouldbegained.

B.Becauseofaharsh,challengingandthinlysettledplain.

C.Becauseofachangeoftheplanowingtothehighcost.

D.Becauseofacontinuedrunningofcoachesandwagons

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whydoestheauthorrefertotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”?1.为什么作者说19世纪60年代以前铁路的影响是“有限的”？

A.Becausepassengerspreferredwagonsandstagecoaches.A.因为乘客们更喜欢马车。

B.Becauseothermodesoftransportationhadtobeemployed.B.因为必须使用其他运输方式。

C.Becausetheywereonlycenterforwaterbornetransportation.C.因为它们只是水上交通的中心。

D.Becausethetrackdidnottakedirectroutefromonecitytothenext.D.因为铁轨并没有直接从一个城市到另一个城市。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段前两句“在19世纪60年代中期之前，铁路对美国的影响是有限的，从某种意义上说，铁路的终点是密苏里河，大约是国家的中心。这时，火车把货物、邮件和乘客转交给轮船、马车和公共马车。”，从中我们可以推断出，19世纪60年代以前铁路的影响是“有限的”，是因为必须要使用其他运输方式。B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“因为乘客们更喜欢马车”和D项“因为铁轨并没有直接从一个城市到另一个城市”没有提及，无中生有；

C项“因为它们只是水上交通的中心”，这是蒸汽划船和马车运输等其他运输方式成为铁路运输补充的结果，与题干无关，张冠李戴。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroadexpanded?2.随着铁路的扩张，我们可以推断出关于客车和马车货船的什么？

A.Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.A.他们开发了相互竞争的路线。

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.B.他们的司机拒绝为铁路工作。

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.C.他们开始专门从事私人投资。

D.Therewereinsufficienttrainedpeopletooperatethem.D.没有足够的训练有素的人员来操作它们。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在不断缩小的路线上，马车和货车继续在西部尚未铺设铁路的地方纵横交错”，从中可知，随着铁路的扩张，传统的货运方式逐渐衰落，但是在火车线路不能到达的地方，他们仍在扩展相互竞争的路线。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“他们的司机拒绝为铁路工作”、C项“他们开始专门从事私人投资”和D项“没有足够的训练有素的人员来操作它们”没有提及，无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainparagraph2?3.为什么作者在第2段中提到内华达山脉？

A.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.A.指出发生严重火车事故的地点。

B.TogiveanexampleofobstaclesfacedbytheCentralPacific.B.举一个中央太平洋铁路公司面临的障碍的例子。

C.ToarguethatadirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.C.争辩说可以采取直接去西方的路线。

D.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.D.确定西部有历史意义的山脉。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词SierraNevada定位到第二段的第二句“19世纪60年代末，重大变化已露端倪，在这一时期，太平洋联合铁路终于开始由位于中央平原的奥马哈市向西扩建，与中央太平洋铁路汇合，中央太平洋从加利福尼亚经过内华达山脉的巨大障碍，向东挺进”，从该句可以推断，作者提到内华达山脉是为了给中央太平洋铁路公司面临的障碍举例，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“指出发生严重火车事故的地点”、C项“争辩说可以采取直接去西方的路线”和D项“确定西部有历史意义的山脉”在该段没有依据，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whylittleconstructionwascompletedthoughthebillhadlongbeensigned?4.为什么法案早就签署了，却有很少的建设已经完工？

A.Becauseofaworrythatlittlebenefitwouldbegained.A.因为担心不会有什么好处。

B.Becauseofaharsh,challengingandthinlysettledplain.B.因为一个严酷的，具有挑战性的和稀疏的平原。

C.Becauseofachangeoftheplanowingtothehighcost.C.因为成本太高，计划改变了。

D.Becauseofacontinuedrunningofcoachesandwagons.D.因为长途汽车和马车的持续运行。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第三句“尽管亚伯拉罕•林肯总统在1862年签署了最初的太平洋铁路法案，并在1864年签署了修订版，在财政上更加慷慨，但直到1865年中太平洋铁路和1866年联合太平洋铁路才完成了很少的建设”，结合下一句“主要原因是，人们怀疑修建一条穿越沙漠、山脉和半干旱平原的铁路是否有利可图（Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthat…couldpayaprofit）”，理解可知，很少的建设已经完工的原因是，人们怀疑没有利益可图，A项“因为担心不会有什么好处”符合这一分析。

【干扰项排除】

B项“因为一个严酷的，具有挑战性的和稀疏的平原”是人们怀疑是否有利可图的原因，与题干无关，张冠李戴；

C项“因为成本太高，计划改变了”和D项“因为长途汽车和马车的持续运行”没有提到，无中生有。

16.单选题

Cropsdiesduringthe（）,resultinginfaminethroughoutthecountry.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.disaster

C.drought

D.calamity

【答案】C

【解析】adversity灾难，逆境，不幸；disaster灾祸；drought干旱；calamity灾难，不幸事件。根据句意可知，庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡，所以选项C符合语境。

17.单选题

“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”

“Oh,（

）."

问题1选项

A.eitherdoeswell

B.eitheronewilldo

C.eachoneisgood

D.eachwillbefine

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。Either表示“两者中的任何一个”，each表示“两者中的每一个”。因此根据题干可知应该用either,时态应是将来时，所以选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

问题1选项

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cycling“骑脚踏车消遣，骑脚踏车兜风”；B选项whirling“旋转”；C选项surrounding“周围的，附近的”；D选项orbiting“盘旋；绕轨道运行”。句意：与九颗（）太阳运行的行星相比，太阳是非常大的，而九颗行星又由三十三颗卫星环绕着。这里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“轨道行星”，因此D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof（）betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

问题1选项

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：休闲度假政策仍然是管理层和工人之间（）的根源。

disturbance干扰，骚乱；resistance阻力，电阻，抵抗；contraction收缩，紧缩；friction

摩擦。D选项符合句意。

20.单选题

Anycountryhasgoodreasontowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible,sinceoneofitsgreatestresourcesisanactivepopulation.Nocountrywantsitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth.

Thiswasthekindofthinkingwhichledtotheintroductionofahealthserviceinmanycountries.InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa“WelfareState”inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartiallyraisedbycontributionsfromemployersand

employees.

Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanwasestimated.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealth

Service-doctors,nursesandotherhospitalstaff—havemuchmoreroutineworktodoandasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivemedicine.TheHealthServicedoesneedmorestaff—aneedthatcanonlybemetifmoremoneyismadeavailabletoit.

However,apowerfulargumentfortheHealthServiceisthatmanypeopleareabletoreceiveexpensivetreatmentwhichtheycouldneveraffordthemselves.Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Becausetheyhavesomanypatients,

doctorscannotspendaslongwitheachoneastheywouldlike,andsomepeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentsothattheirdoctorscangivethemmoretime.Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.

1.Intheauthor’sview,BritainisaWelfareStateinthat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theauthormentionsthatsomewealthypeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentbecause（）.

5.Theword“abused”(Para.4)means（）.

问题1选项

A.allcitizensareentitledtoafreemedicaltreatmentinsomesense

B.poor,unliketherich,couldenjoyfreemedicaltreatment

C.healthserviceishighlydevelopedinBritain

D.Britaindoesn’tallowitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth

问题2选项

A.theHealthServiceisintroducedtomanyothercountriesbyBritain

B.theHealthServicehasbeenintroducedanddevelopedfor30yearsinBritain

C.anactivepopulationisthegreatestresourceinBritain

D.allcitizensinBritainhaveagoodopinionoftheHealthService

问题3选项

A.AWelfareState

B.ImportanceoftheHealthService

C.DisadvantagesoftheHealthService

D.TheHealthService

问题4选项

A.theirdoctorscangivethemmoretimeleavefromwork

B.thosedoctorshavebettermedicalinstruments

C.theymightsavesomemoneyforthepoor

D.theirdoctorshaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityforthepatients

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.usedinwrongway

C.ignored

D.wasted

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WelfareState”定位到第二段第二句“InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa'WelfareState'inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.”threedecades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。

3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。

4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthypeople”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。

21.单选题

（）,overthemonths,webegantogettoknowhim.

问题1选项

A.Onceinawhile

B.Fromtimetotime

C.Everynowandthen

D.Littlebylittle

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。onceinawhile“偶尔，有时”；fromtimetotime“不时，有时”；everynowandthen“不时地，常常”；littlebylittle“渐渐，逐渐地”。句意：经过几个月时间，我们渐渐地了解了他。由overthemonths,以及begantoknow可知D项“渐渐地”符合题意。

22.单选题

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe（）betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

问题1选项

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy（类似，相似）符合句意。

23.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.(1)Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgmentorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,andtheyaresubjecttosuddenaccessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.(2)Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.

Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.(3)They