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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof().

问题1选项

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意:童年记忆经常由于取代感而更加哀伤,每一次教训都伴随着

的丢失。

perspective洞察力,看法;innocence纯洁,纯真;permission允许,许可;veracity诚实,真实。故选B。

2.单选题

Ifyou(

)someone,youfeelgreatadmirationandloveforthem.

问题1选项

A.advocate

B.adjoin

C.adore

D.addict

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项advocate“拥护”;B选项adjoin“毗邻,连接”;C选项adore“崇拜,爱慕”;D选项addict“沉迷”。

句意:如果你崇拜一个人,你会钦佩和爱戴他。根据下文的“admirationandlove”可知选项C最为恰当。

3.单选题

______atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.

问题1选项

A.Looking

B.Looked

C.Beinglooked

D.Tolook

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语thesituation与look之间为动宾关系,表示被动,前面部分完整的表达为thesituationislookedatinthisway,故用动词的过去分词作状语,因此选B。句意:从这个角度看,情况似乎并不那么绝望。

4.单选题

SevenWaystoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout£100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis£90,000fuelandpowerbillby£60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany£200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizingenergyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.

GreenDriving

Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated.Gasoline-electrichybridmodelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

ABetterFridge

Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.

FlexiblePayment

Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofittinginreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings,InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto____.

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby____.

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby____.

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif____.

问题1选项

A.Raisingefficiency.

B.Cuttingunnecessarycosts.

C.Findingalternativeresources.

D.Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

问题2选项

A.Diversifyenergysupply.

B.Reducecarbonemissions.

C.Cutenergyconsumption.

D.Raiseproductionefficiency.

问题3选项

A.improveyouworkenvironment

B.getridofair-conditioners

C.cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf

D.enjoymuchbetterhealth

问题4选项

A.Asmallportion.

B.Some40percent.

C.Almosthalf.

D.75to80percent.

问题5选项

A.upgradingtheequipment

B.encouraginginvestments

C.providingsubsidies

D.implementinghigh-tech

问题6选项

A.reducingtheCO2emissions

B.settingupfactoriesinChina

C.usingthenewesttechnology

D.recyclingheatandenergyofitsplants

问题7选项

A.weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

B.wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

C.wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

D.wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“现在节约能源最好的方法是什么”,可定位到原文第1段第2句Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.(如今,节约能源就是提高使用效率:使用少量的能源得到同样的效果,或者更好的效果。)由此可知,现在节约能源的方法是提高能源使用效率,A选项“提高效率”,符合原文。原文第1段第1句Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.(忘记旧的观念:节约能源是一种自我否定的形式——骑自行车,调暗灯光,少洗澡。)由此可知,B选项“减少不必要的消耗”、C选项“寻找替代资源”、D选项“牺牲一些个人舒适”对应的都是以前节约能源的观念,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

2.事实细节题。题干“欧盟计划做什么”,可定位到原文第3段第2句theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.(欧盟公布了一项计划,到2020年将整个欧洲大陆的能源使用量减少20%。)由此可知,欧盟计划减少整个欧洲大陆的能源使用,C选项“降低能源消耗”,符合原文。A选项“能源供应多元化”、B选项“减少碳排放”、D选项“提高生产效率”,均未提及。因此,本题最佳选项为C。

3.事实细节题。题干“如果你给你的房子添加足够的隔热材料,你也许可以____”,可定位到原文Insulate小节,第4句Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.(最先进的隔热材料遵循收益递增的规律:如果你增加了足够多的隔热材料,你就可以按比例减少甚至取消供暖和空调设备,甚至在你开始节省水电费之前就降低了成本。)B选项“摆脱空调”,表述与原文一致;C选项“减少一半的水电费”,原文并未明确指出可以减少一半的水电费,排除;A、D选项可定位到本小节最后一句Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.(研究表明,绿色工作场所(那些不需要经常开暖气或空调的工作场所)可以提高员工的工作效率,降低员工的发病率。)A选项“改善你的工作环境”,原文没有提到工作环境的改善,提的是工作效率的提高,排除;D选项“享受好得多的健康状态”,原文虽然提到了可以减少员工的发病率,但并没有说健康状态就会好得多,该选项属于过度推理,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为B。

4.事实细节题。题干“多少电能是白炽灯照明消耗的”,可定位到原文ChangeBulbs小节,第1句Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity(照明消耗了全世界20%的电力),第2句Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs(其中40%用于老式白炽灯泡),由此可知,白炽灯泡消耗的电能为全世界电力的8%(=20%*40%),A选项“一小部分”符合原文。B选项“几乎一半”,没有出处,排除;C选项“大概40%”,原文40%指的是白炽灯消耗的电能占照明消耗的电能的比例,而非占总电能的比例,排除;D选项“75%到80%”,原文指的是CFL灯比白炽灯可以少消耗的电能,与题目无关,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

5.事实细节题。题干“一些国家试图通过____来启动热泵市场”,可定位到原文ComfortZone小节第2段第3句Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket(一些国家已经通过补贴来启动市场),由此可知,一些国家通过发放补贴来启动热泵市场,C选项“提供补贴”,符合原文。A选项“升级设备”、B选项“鼓励投资”、D选项“应用高科技”,原文均未提及。因此,本题最佳选项为C。

6.事实细节题。题干“德国化工巨头BASF通过____每年节省2个亿”,可定位到原文RemakeFactories小节,第2、3句GermanchemicalsgiantBASF…isusedtopowerthenext.…,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany£200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.(德国化工巨头BASF……用一个化学过程产生的热量为下一个过程提供动力。……,这种热能和能源的循环利用每年就为公司节省了2个亿以及近一半的二氧化碳排放量。),由此可知,BASF的钱是通过热能和能源的循环利用节省下来的,D选项“回收工厂的热能和能源”,表述与原文相符。A选项“减少二氧化碳的排放”和节省的2个亿一样,是结果而非原因,排除;B选项“在中国设立工厂”,可定位到该小节第4句NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.(现在BASF在中国的新工厂也采取了同样的做法。)由此可知,公司的资金并不是靠在中国建立新工厂省下来的,而是想在中国的新工厂使用同样的方法来节约资金,排除;C选项“使用最新的技术”,原文并未提及,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

7.事实细节题。题干“全球居民用电量可以减少43%,如果____”,可定位到原文ABetterFridge小节,最后一句AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.(根据国际能源机构的一项研究,如果消费者能在整个电器使用过程中选择那些最省钱的型号,他们就能减少全球居民电力消耗(以及他们的水电费)的43%。)由此可知,D选项“我们选择最节能的型号的冰箱和其他耗电家具”表述正确。A选项“我们给墙壁和水管添加隔热材料”,可定位到原文Insulate小节,第2句There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved…(可以节省多少几乎是没有限制的),由此可知,选项表述不符合题意,排除;B选项“我们选择比较简单的电器型号”、C选项“我们减少了冰箱和其他耗电家具的使用”,原文均未提及,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

5.单选题

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis().

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

问题1选项

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

问题2选项

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

问题5选项

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】6.判断推理题。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)。首先,作者对这一项目持的是肯定态度,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed(有一项措施不仅能立即提振经济,还能立即救济那些最需要帮助的人)说明了这一项目的好处,指出这一项目是解决两大问题的措施;然后,作者批评了第107届国会Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress(这是第107届国会最大的失败之一)。由此可以推知作者的言下之意,就是下一届国会应当重新考虑并采纳这一项目,因此A选项“即将到来的国会应该重新考虑”正确。B选项“被排除在经济刺激计划之外”;C选项“由众议院精心设计的救济计划”以及D选项“由共和党和民主党共同提出”,都是不正确的。

7.事实细节题。本题实际上考查的是对第一段最后一句中的主语it所指的理解。该段在提出提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.(参议院在11月份休会之前批准了这样一个项目。可众议院却不予支持)。由此可以看出,其后一句中的it指代的就是这种参议院批准而众议院否决该项目的情况,因此B选项“失业保险延期未获批准”正确。A选项“众议院不同意参议院的意见”;C选项“经济没有得到提振”以及D选项“没有向有需要的人提供救济”都与原文不符,也无法由原文合理推知。

8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到细节题第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.(该法案将不仅涉及联邦项目中登记的人,还包括提供13周的援助给在新的一年里那些失去国家福利的人。)可知,该法案不但覆盖了那些已经在联邦项目中登记了的人,也为那些在新的一年中将失去州救济金的人提供13周的援助。再来对照选项,D选项“失业工人,有或没有联邦福利”覆盖最完整,因此正确。A选项“只有那些参加了联邦计划的人”;B选项“估计有95000名失业的工人”以及C选项“只有那些耗尽了国家资助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.(众议院也应该这样做。众议院去年抱怨的一个问题是,克林顿-尼克尔斯法案耗资50亿美元,太昂贵了。考虑到众议院共和党人所考虑的减税成本,这是荒谬的。)这一段提到了众议院对Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨,认为这一法案耗资太大。作者也表明了自己的看法认为它很荒唐,然后说明了原因。其言下之意很明显:众议院共和党提出的减税计划耗资比Clinton-Nickles法案更大,故他们认为后者耗资大才显得荒唐可笑。因此C选项“它的减税提议代价更大”正确。A选项“它提供的理由在很大程度上是无关紧要的”;B选项“克林顿•尼克尔斯的法案太昂贵了”以及D选项“这项法案的成本估计只有50亿美元”都与原文不符,也无法由原文推知。

10.判断推理题。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.(后来,他终于要求国会为这些工人延长该计划,并使福利从12月28日起生效。)中提到布什总统最后终于要求国会延长该项目,并于12月28日开始发放救济金。因前面已说过对许多失业工人的救济将在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow),故据此即可推知布什总统的要求已经太迟了。接着,在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的态度That'snotenough.(那还不够),并详细说明了布什总统的计划的缺陷。由此又可推知,作者认为总统的计划不完善。因此C选项“缺乏稳定性”正确。A选项“缺乏远见”;B选项“迟到和不完整的”以及D选项“详尽的但无效”三项都无法由原文推知。

6.单选题

Althoughthegeneticexplanationofwhysomepeopleareright-handedwhereasothersareleft-handedisplausible,ithasbeeneffectivelychallengedbyexperimentsinwhichgenetically(

)miceshoweddifferentpawpreferences.

问题1选项

A.verified

B.indistinguishable

C.identical

D.complex

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。verified“已证实的”;indistinguishable“不能区别的;”identical“同一的;完全相同的”;complex“复杂的;合成的”。句意:虽然遗传学解释为什么有些人习惯用右手而另一些是左撇子似乎是合理的,它已经被基因实验有效地挑战,在基因上别无二致的鼠表现出使用爪子的不同偏好。由plausible“看似可信的”与showeddifferentpawpreferences“表现出不同偏好”可知B项符合语境,故B项正确。

7.单选题

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

问题1选项

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”;B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”;C选项compulsory“义务性的”;D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意:与其他国家的同类银行相比,国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种效力,部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍,因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_______。根据语境,这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍,在行动上比较自由,所以discretionary“自由决定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在现代科学的冲击下,哲学任务这个概念已经发生了彻底的再定位。从更广泛的历史角度来看,可以说,哲学家们自古以来都在从事三大事业:他们一直在寻找关于基本现实的绝对真理和绝对的道德标准。他们试图构建一种综合的观点,一种对宇宙及人类在宇宙中所处位置的看法,是一种将科学的各种贡献整合成一个明白易懂的和谐整体的观点。最后,哲学家们试图澄清知识和评估的基本概念、假设和方法的意义以及有效性。

根据现代科学,不仅根据其结果和结论,而且特别是其开放的态度和批评方法,对绝对真理的探索在很大程度上被放弃,即使不是毫无意义,也是徒劳无益的。当代科学的精神是“批判性的”,因为它的所有结论直到“进一步注意”才被认为是合理的或可成立的。换句话说,这两个极端——教条主义或怀疑主义——都是不可接受的。持开放态度的警方表示,虽然,原则上,我们的所有信念都应公开接受批评和修改,但是,在有力证据迫使我们修改或用因相关证据而得到更有力支持的其他假设来代替它们之前,回应已充分证实了的假设是完全合理的。

9.单选题

Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto()himinhiswork.

问题1选项

A.hamper

B.support

C.assist

D.encourage

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hamper“妨碍;束缚;使困累”;B选项support“支持;扶持,帮助;供养”;C选项assist“帮助;促进”;D选项encourage“鼓励;支持”。句意:他们俩人都看不起他,且都试图在他的工作上妨碍他。根据句中“Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhim他们俩人都看不起他”可知“妨碍”符合语境,因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devised设计B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估计D.encountered遇到

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】原文指到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上,2050年是一个未来的年份,这个数据应该是预估的,C选项“估计”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被预测”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项devised“设计”,美国的老年痴呆症患者的数量应该是自然发生的,不存在说被设计成多少;

B选项thrust“用力推”,不符合原句逻辑;

D选项encountered“遇到”,不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】预计到2050年,美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上。

11.单选题

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

问题1选项

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项sensation“感觉,轰动”,B项selection“选择,挑选”,C项imitation“模仿,仿造”,D项irrigation“灌溉”。根据句子关键词newinvention“新发明”可知,空格处填入A项符合语境。句意:史密斯教授的新发明在校园里引起了很大的轰动。因此,该题选择A项正确。

12.翻译题

TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofdevelopment.ThepoliticalandsocialeventsthathaveinthecourseofEnglishhistorysoprofoundlyaffectedtheEnglishpeopleintheirnationallifehavegenerallyhadarecognizableeffectontheirlanguage.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.TheScandinavianinvasionsresultedinaconsiderablemixtureofthetwopeoplesandtheirlanguages.TheNormanConquestmadeEnglishfortwocenturiesthelanguagemainlyofthelowerclasseswhilethenoblesandthoseassociatedwiththemusedFrenchonalmostalloccasions.AndwhenEnglishoncemoreregainedsupremacyasthelanguageofallelementsofthepopulation,itwasanEnglishgreatlychangedinbothformandvocabularyfromwhatithadbeenin1066.

【答案】今天的英语反映了许多世纪的发展。在英国历史进程中深刻影响英国人国家生活的政治和社会事件,通常也对他们的语言产生了明显的影响。597年罗马人对不列颠的基督教化使英国接触了拉丁文明,并大大增加了我们的词汇。斯堪的那维亚人的入侵导致了这两个民族及其语言的大量混合。诺曼征服使英语在长达两个世纪的时间里成为下层阶级的主要语言,而贵族和与他们有关的人几乎在所有场合都使用法语。当英语再次成为所有人口的语言时,它的形式和词汇都比1066年发生了巨大的变化。

13.翻译题

由于世界范围内的高校采用越来越以市场为导向的管理模式,为了用可度量的方式来显示自己的价值,学者们所承受的压力也与日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果,研究成果通常是按照发表文章的数量和质量来计算的,而质量则常常由是否有文章被引文索引库(citationindex)所收录来决定。因此,要想在专业上成功,学者们需要写出一系列会被索引引用的文章,当然这些文章很可能是用英语写成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

14.填空题

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改为include

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】B部分在句子中是谓语动词,时态为一般现在时,主语Theprofessionalfields为复数,这里应该用include。

【句意】处理医学伦理问题的专业领域包括医学、护理、法律、社会学、哲学和神学,尽管在20世纪后期,医学伦理已经被视为一门独立的学科。

15.单选题

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.(46)alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(47)inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The(48)studentisconsideredtobe(49)whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof(50),nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned(51)briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis(52)forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis(53

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