考研考博-英语-吉安职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉安职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

问题1选项

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项sucking“吸，吮吸”；B选项lapping“舔，折叠”；C选项“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D选项sipping“啜饮”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽烟。Swigging“大口喝，痛饮，畅饮”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

2.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

3.单选题

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

问题1选项

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deny“否定；拒绝承认”；B选项overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（对不良现象等）视而不见”；C选项exaggerate“夸大，言过其实”；D选项ignore“无视，佯装未见”。句意：人们倾向于_______自己的生活是如何独特，所以他们与他人的共性看起来是他们一系列的小小奇迹。根据语境，人们总觉得自己的生活很独特，所以看到和别人的共性时觉得简直就是奇迹，这里指人们夸大自己的独特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言过其实”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveoflowbudgetblackfilmswhichhaveturnedasolidprofitduetoaverystrongresponseintheAfrican-Americancommunityandalargercrossoveraudiencethananticipated.Anyrationalbusinessmanagerwouldnowidentifythissectorasaprimecandidateforexpansion,butifthefilmshavedonesowellwithlimitedproductionandmarketingcosts,whyhavetheynotreceivedfullscalesupport?

Manyanalystsfeelthebusinessisengulfedinamiasmaofself-servingandself-fulfillingmythsbasedontheunspokenassumptionthatAfrican-Americanfilmscanneverbevehiclesofprestige,glamour,orcelebrity.Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.Asexecutiveswhonowcontrolthefilmindustrygrewupinthosedecadeswhentherewerefewblackimagesonthescreenandthosethatdidexistwereproducedbyfilm-makerswithlimitedknowledgeoftheblackcommunity,itislittlewonderthattheyavoidideologicalissues,andseektocontinuemakingfilmsthattheyarecomfortablewithbyavoidingthenegativeimageryoffilmstheywouldprefertoeschewentirely.

AlsotoblameforthisdeleteriousphenomenonarelegionsofdesperateandMachiavellianAfrican-Americanfilmproducers,directors,andwriterswhowouldtransformTheBirthofaNationintoablackmusicalaslongasitwouldprovidethemwithgainfulstudioemployment.Thesefilmmakersnotonlyperpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms,buttheyalsoseasonthemwithasprinklingofAfrican-Americanauthenticity.Thissituationwouldbeonerousenough,giventheeconomicexploitationofthecommunityinvolved;unfortunatelythesefilmsalsovalidatethepathologiestheydepict.TheconstantprojectionoftheblackcommunityasakindofurbanWildKingdom,theglamorizationoftragicsituations,andthecelebrationofinnercitydrugdealersandgangstershasaprogrammingeffectonblackyouth.ThepowerofmusicinfilmisaparticularlyseductiveandpropagandisticforcewhichintherecentcropofAfrican-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.

Whatflowsfromthiscombinationoffactorsisapolicyofmarketexploitationratherthanmarketdevelopment,evidencedbythefactthatanynumberoffilmsmayopento1,500screensinoneweek,onlytototallydisappearinlessthanamonth.Thisrestrictedbodyoffilmproductserodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.Furthermore,whenAfrican-Americanactorsbegintoemergeasstars,theirprojectsareusuallydesignedtobe“more”thanablackfilm,suchthatanysuccessthatfollowsisthereforeperceivednotasareflectionoftheviabilityofAfrican-Americanfilmmakingbutasthebroaderpursuitofcelebrity.

36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthepassage?

37.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingischaracteristicofAfrican-Americanfilmsbeingproducedatpresent,EXCEPT（）.

38.Accordingtothepassage,filmindustryexecutiveshavebeenreluctanttosupportAfrican-Americancinemaforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

39.ItmaybeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageconsidersTheBirthofaNationtobe（）.

40.Accordingtotheauthor,African-AmericansfilmmakershavefailedtotakewhichofthefollowingstepsinproperlypromotingAfrican-Americancinema?

问题1选项

A.TocontrasttheconditionofAfrican-Americancinemawiththatofmainstreamcinema

B.ToprovideaneconomicexplanationfortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

C.TocriticizetheassumptionsmainstreamaudiencesallegedlymaketowardAfrican-Americancinema

D.TocataloguetheattitudesandpracticesresponsiblefortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

问题2选项

A.long-termviabilityasagenreinwhichaudienceskeepaconsistentinterest

B.successinattractingaudiencesoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity

C.atendencytoglamorizetheproblemsexistinginAfrican-Americanurbancommunities

D.alimitedlevelofauthenticityintermsoftheirpresentationofAfrican-Americanculture

问题3选项

A.ExecutivesbelievethatAfrican-Americanaudiencesareoftenrepelledbythepresentationofideologicalissuesinfilm.

B.ExecutivesconcludethatAfrican-Americancinemaisnotlikelytoattractaudiencesoverseas.

C.ExecutivesareoftheopinionthatAfrican-Americanactorswhoemergeasstarsarereluctantfortheexecutivestoassociatethemwith“black”films.

D.ExecutivesareundertheimpressionthattherearemanystrongAfrican-Americanproducers,butfewwillingtoworkwithmainstreamstudios.

问题4选项

A.amovieoutsideAfrican-AmericancinemawhoseadaptationtotheAfrican-Americangenrewouldlikelyproveawkward

B.amoviethatAfrican-Americanswouldbeunlikelytorespondtoinapositivefashion

C.amoviethatwouldlikelyrequiretheinputofAfrican-Americans,wereittoberemade

D.amoviethatvalidatesthepathologiesitdepictsintheAfrican-Americancommunity

问题5选项

A.Theyhavefailedtodemonstratetostudioexecutivesthemarketpotentialoftheirfilms.

B.Theyhavefailedtoexpressideologicalissuesintheirfilmsthatcouldattractpotentialaudiences.

C.TheyhaveneglectedtousegenuineAfrican-Americanmusicasaforceintheirfilms.

D.TheyhaveexploitedstereotypesaboutAfrican-Americansforthegainofthemselves,butnotthegenre.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】36.主旨大意题。通读全文后，根据“onlyalimiteddomesticbusiness”“erodesthegenre’slong-termviability”等，可发现作者通篇探讨的是对于非洲裔美国电影不能广泛流行的态度及原因。从而得出本题答案。

37.

细节事实题。可将信息点定位至原文最后一段第二句，根据“…erodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.（这削弱了该类型电影的长期生存能力，尤其是对那些变化无常的非裔美国观众和外国观众而言。）”，即可发现选项A与原文信息不符，从而得出本题答案。

38.

细节推断题。根据题意可将信息点定位至原文第二段第二句，根据“Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.（《恋爱关系》的演员们已经说服自己，在任何情况下，黑色电影只能在国内做有限的生意，几乎没有海外票房潜力。）”即可得出本题答案。

39.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“TheBirthofaNation”可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“African-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.（在最近一批非洲裔美国人的电影中，这种力量很少以积极的社会方式使用。）”从而得出本题答案。

40.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“African-Americansfilmmakers”“promotingAfrican-Americancinema”可将信息点定位至原文第三段第二句和第三句。根据“perpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms（在他们的电影中延续消极的刻板印象）”“giventheeconomicexploitation（考虑到经济剥削）”“validatethepathologiestheydepict.（验证它们所描述的病理。）”即可得出本题答案。

5.单选题

Theofferofafreeoverseastour（

）himintobuyingthevillaonthehillside.

问题1选项

A.discouraged

B.committed

C.tempted

D.tangled

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。discourage阻止，使气馁；commit犯错，委托；tempt诱惑，引起；tangle使纠缠。句意：因为提供免费的境外旅游诱使他买下了山坡上的别墅。选项C更符合语境。

6.单选题

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。

7.单选题

WhenMr.Simpsonwenttoapplyfora

intheofficeofalocalnewspaper,hewastoldtoseethemanager.

问题1选项

A.career

B.position

C.profession

D.location

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career“事业”；position“职位”；profession“职业，专业”；location“位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.2.6

B.3.5

C.3.9

D.136

【答案】D

【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?

M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.

W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.

M:Great.

W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(钠)136,andPotassium(钾)3.9.

M:3.5.

W:No,that’s3.9

Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?

【解析】细节题。女士说：Sodium（钠）136，故选D。

9.单选题

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

问题1选项

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vengeful“复仇的，报复的”；invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我们惊讶地发现他有报复心理，他记着那些做了对不起他的事的人。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim欢呼,喝彩,称赞;attest证明;ratify批准,认可;consider考虑。句意：他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多万人的欢迎,其中大多数人都受到了真诚的鼓舞。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

问题1选项

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

问题2选项

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

问题3选项

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer. 

问题4选项

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

问题5选项

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要提出了高级女主管很少的现象，并且对此分析了原因。

2.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力帮助女性把事业和家庭结合起来。法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家帮助儿童保育。这与美国和英国的学校形成了鲜明的对比，美国和英国的学校在一个成年人的工作日结束之前就把他们赶出去了。美国的父母还必须为成年人安排超短的假期，为孩子安排长得荒唐的假期。”可知法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家比英国和美国更加平等，更加重视女性，故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由倒数第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企业界，赞助和晋升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西尔维亚•安•休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商业评论》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇报告《赞助商效应》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她认为，几乎所有升到高层的高管都有一个强有力的支持者。然而，女性往往无法培养出休利特所说的“关系资本”。他们不愿寻求帮助，担心会显得咄咄逼人。还有很多人担心与男同事的亲密关系会引发流言蜚语。毫无疑问，所有这些都发挥了作用。但让更多女性进入董事会的一个更大障碍是，太多女性难以平衡工作和家庭。可知ABD项在文中都有提及，故C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她们比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士说，而且更擅长多任务处理。那些有孩子的人很快就会变得有效率。她们知道她们必须在特定的时间回家。”可知职业女性的优势是善于合作，能够处理许多任务，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判断题。全文通过一些数据来分析女性高管少的现象及原因。故A项正确。

12.翻译题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科学技术的进步使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲，物质最基本的组成部分，以及生命的奇迹。

与此同时，今天，人类所做的事情及没能做到的事情，不仅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。

全球化使世界变得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗问题提醒我们，更小、更快的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。

我们正处在一个知识爆炸的世界之中，但却迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息排挤了散杂文，个人生活变得更加疯狂，这个世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大学毕业生。

基于所有这些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加坚信大学的独特和不可替代的使命。

13.不定项选择题

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

问题2选项

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

问题3选项

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

问题4选项

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

问题5选项

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

问题6选项

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

【解析】第