考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited,thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentifythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkerssuchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400”inparagraph3?

2.Accordingtoparagraph5,whydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

4.Accordingtoparagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

问题1选项

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear

B.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney

C.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth

D.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections

问题2选项

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritieswhohavenormallifestyles

问题3选项

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs

B.Theydonottrytofindemployment

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation

问题4选项

A.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime

B.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously

C.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘为什么作者在第三段提到“福布斯400强”?’根据第三段第一句Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.“尽管社会上关于他们的神话总与事实相反，但是预测未来财富只要看你出生的家庭就行了”和第四句Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled“self-made”werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets.“榜单上那些可以被称为“白手起家”的人并不是典型的出身贫寒；最重要的继承资产。”可以确定B选项“支持大部分富人都是继承了家庭财产的论点”。A选项“解释每年公布财富榜单的意义”没有在文章中提及；C选项“对家庭收入可以推测个人财富这一观点提出质疑”和D选项“举例说明大部分富人与家庭之间的关系不多”与原文意思相反。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘根据第5段，为什么在美国大多数人认为自己是中产阶级?’根据第五段第三句ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesinanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.“但是，美国是一个开放的阶级制度，这一观点使许多人认为，大多数人都过着中产阶级的生活方式，因为一般来说，人们不愿意承认美国的阶级差别。”和第四句Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.“因此，中产阶级成为了普遍存在的规范，尽管许多自称中产阶级的人对这个阶级地位的把握微乎其微。”确定C选项“人们不愿意去了解阶级的不同”正确。A选项“他们其他人有着相同的生活方式”与原文的不同阶级划分相反，排除；B选项“因为不清楚阶级，所以他们不知道如何去定义自己的位置”没有在文章中提及，排除；D选项“他们认定自己和大多数人一样有着正常的生活方式”与题干没有关联，排除。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘关于美国的穷人，我们可以推断出什么?’根据最后一段第一句Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.“较低阶级是由无家可归的穷人组成的”和第二句Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.“这个阶层的人几乎没有接受过正规教育，经常失业或从事最低工资的工作。”确定D选项“他们从事的工作不要求高学历”正确。A选项“他们无法找到初级职位”和B选项“他们没有尝试找工作”没有在文章中提及。C选项“他们属于服务行业人员和手工劳动者”根据文章信息，这类人是属于中下阶级，与题干不符。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘根据第7段，为什么出现了下层阶级?’根据最后一段第五句Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopment.“下层阶级包括那些被当代经济发展抛在后面的人。”和第六句Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.“被排斥在经济体系之外的下层阶级可能会依赖公共援助或非法活动。”确定A选项“经济体系的变化导致底层的人只能靠社会救济或者违法行为来生存”。

2.单选题

Themotherreallytookprideinherson,a（）artistwhohadalreadyheldseveralnationalexhibitions.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.perspective

C.descriptive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C选项descriptive“描述性的”；D选项partial“局部的，偏袒的”。句意：这位母亲真的为自己的儿子感到骄傲，因为他儿子未来会是一位艺术家，已经举办过好几次全国性的展览。空格后的内容都是描述儿子的，从举办过好几次展览可知儿子最有可能成为未来的一位艺术家，所以A选项符合句意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人轶事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（

）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers

（

）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho

（

）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess

（

）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

问题2选项

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver'sperformancewasatschool

问题3选项

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

问题4选项

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

问题5选项

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.观点态度题。本题其实也属于主旨类题，解决方式也是找主旨。文章多出出现了“giftedstudents天赋学生”，第一句说到“Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.考虑到天才学生和他们的学校之间的不和谐，这些学生经常对他们的学校生活没什么好的评价也就不足为奇了。”能提取出来的信息就是“天赋学生”对“学校”不满，原因是“不和谐”。学校无法满足他们的兴趣和要求，因此有天赋的学生并不喜欢学校。因此B选项“他们往往不能满足有才能学生的需要”正确。

2.作者意图题。在第一段最后部分说到“AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.关于奥利弗•戈德史密斯，他的一位老师说：‘从来没有像他这样迟钝的孩子。’这些孩子常常意识到他们知道的比老师多，他们的老师常常觉得这些孩子傲慢、注意力不集中或缺乏动力。”因此作者在这引用也是为了论证上文中提到的观点：许多有天赋的学生在学校表现很差或很不高兴。A选项“支持他的论点”正确。

3.事实细节题。第二段第一、二句说到“Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现很差，因为他们的天赋不是学术的。也许我们可以这样解释毕加索。”说明毕加索的天赋并非学术性，因此在学校表现并不佳。C选项“不能成功地应付他们在学校的学习”符合文意。

4.事实细节题。本题是在找有天赋的学生自认为的成功原因，第三段第一句说到“Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.在任何领域，当极具天赋的学生谈论什么对他们能力的发展重要时，他们更可能提到他们的家庭，而不是学校或老师。”因此在他们看来，成功的重要因素是“家庭”。A选项“主要是父母的帮助和他们在家里的教育”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。本题关键在于“rootcause根本原因”。A选项“他们的不一致给他们带来了很多麻烦”，文章并未重点讲述“麻烦”造成他们不喜欢学校生活；B选项“他们很少受到老师的表扬”和D选项“老师通常比他们的父母严厉得多”未提及，因此排除。C选项“学校的课程没能激励他们”，也就是没有引起他们的兴趣，第一段和第二段多处提到，这些学生常觉得自己比老师知道得多，因此学校的课程并没有什么挑战性。所以C选项正确。

4.单选题

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

问题1选项

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒凉的”;destitute“贫困的”；derelict“荒废的”。前面提到“他对工作的无聊和深深的蔑视源于工作关系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作关系”符合语境，因此选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

问题1选项

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。request“请求，需要”；inquiry“探究，调查”；enquiry“询问，询盘”；proposal“提议，建议”。句意：他提出要请一天假以便能够参加他女儿的婚礼。requestfor“要求，对…有请求”，只有A项符合句意。

6.单选题

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

问题1选项

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项tour“旅行，旅游”，B项travel“长途旅行”，C项visit“访问，逗留”，D项trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（赛跑等）赛程”。根据关键词earth（地球）和aroundthesun（围绕太阳）可推测，空格处表示“旅程”，而根据语境，四个选项中能够与make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。因此，该题D项正确。

7.单选题

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeople

thinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.what

问题2选项

A.lower

B.raise

C.decrease

D.increase

问题3选项

A.cost

B.price

C.value

D.spending

问题4选项

A.fight

B.pay

C.offer

D.finance

问题5选项

A.out

B.off

C.on

D.away

问题6选项

A.compensate

B.offset

C.exchange

D.accomplish

问题7选项

A.expand

B.spend

C.extend

D.explore

问题8选项

A.respond

B.return

C.meet

D.spend

问题9选项

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.timely

D.exceedingly

问题10选项

A.Whether

B.If

C.Though

D.Forfearthat

问题11选项

A.like

B.of

C.as

D.except

问题12选项

A.plenty

B.comply

C.satisfy

D.supply

问题13选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Furthermore

问题14选项

A.uninteresting

B.interesting

C.interested

D.interest

问题15选项

A.shouldincrease

B.increased

C.increase

D.beincreased

问题16选项

A.restrict

B.impose

C.cover

D.protest

问题17选项

A.controller

B.consumer

C.employer

D.manager

问题18选项

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.By

问题19选项

A.create

B.invent

C.discover

D.result

问题20选项

A.insufficient

B.processing

C.productive

D.excessive

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economiccondition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项A符合题意。

2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项D符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney应该与purchasingpower意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。fight“与……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“负担经费”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此financeawar符合题意。

5.考查词组辨析。carryout“实施”；carryoff“夺去，夺得”；carryon“继续，参与”；carryaway“运走，使失去自制力”。与socialprogram搭配的动词词组是carryout，所以选项A符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。compensate“补偿，赔偿”；offset“抵消；补偿”；exchange“交换”；accomplish“完成，实现”。offsetdeficit“弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项B符合题意。

7.考查动词词义辨析。expand“扩张”；spend“度过，花费”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根据后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项A符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项C符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。excessively“过分地”；automatically“自动地”；timely“及时地”；exceedingly“非常；极其”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项B符合题意。

10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项B符合题意。

11.考查介词词义辨析。televisionandcomputers属于populargoods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项A符合题意。

12.考查词义辨析。plenty“足够的”；comply“遵守，遵从”；satisfy“满足，说服”；supply“供给，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项C符合题意。

13.考查逻辑关系。根据ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项D符合题意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项D符合题意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付费用”是固定用法，选项C符合题意。

17.考查名词词义辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消费者，用户”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“经理，管理人员”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项B符合题意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。

19.考查动词词义辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与D都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生产的”；excessive“过多的”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

问题1选项

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因为我的蛀牙很严重,牙医不得不拔掉它。

考查形近词辨析。Extricate使解脱,解救;exterminate消灭,根除;eradicate铲除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

9.问答题

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(杂交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“对美国农产品需求的下降对美国农产品产生了什么影响？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复过来，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，20世纪20年代对美国农产品的需求下降了；结果是农产品价格急剧下降），因此答案为Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（结果是农产品价格急剧下降）。

2.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，是什么恶化了20世纪30年代美国农民的财政状况？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（从1929年开始并延续到1939年的大萧条使这些发展更加恶化），由此可知答案为GreatDepression（经济大萧条）。

3.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么联邦农业委员会成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了为农民提供更大经济稳定性的第一个国家性的承诺），由此可知答案为Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（为农民提供更大的经济稳定性）。

4.推理判断题。题干意思是“农业调整法案中有什么提高农产品价格的计划？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（这项法律赋予农业部长权力，通过与农民签订自愿协议减少产量，这些农民得到报酬，不再使用他们的土地；故意的农产品短缺是为了提高价格而计划的），由此可知，通过与农民签订自愿协议，给予农民补贴减少土地使用权，降低农产品产量可以提高农产品价格；即缩小生产规模。因此答案为Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓励农民缩小生产规模）。

5.细节推理题。题干意思是“为什么《农业调整法案》被宣布为违宪？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布这项法律是违反宪法的，因为全民的税收都被用来为一个特殊群体服务），由此可知，《农业调整法案》被宣布为违宪是因为它以损害别人的利益来使农民受益；故答案为Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（这项法律以损害他人利益为代价使农民受益）。

10.单选题

Manyfunctionsavailablefrommodernsoftwarearequite（）andhaveanumberofoptions.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.sustainable

C.accessible

D.applicable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:现代软件提供的许多功能非常灵活且有多种选择。

考查形容词辨析。Flexible能适应新情况的,灵活的,可变动的,柔韧的;sustainable,足可支撑的,养得起的,可持续的,;accessible,易接近的,可进入的,可理解的,;applicable,可适用的,可应用的。根据and后面的关键信息“haveanumberofoptions(有多种选择)”可知A符合句意。

11.单选题

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

问题1选项

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

问题2选项

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

问题3选项

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girls