考研考博-英语-厦门软件职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门软件职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Researchmarchesonward,butwe’restill（

）somethingassimpleastheflu.

问题1选项

A.inthecourseof

B.withtheexceptionof

C.onthebrinkof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。inthecourseof“在…过程中”；withtheexceptionof“除...之外”；onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”；atthemercyof“任凭……摆布”。

句意为：研究不曾止步，而我们对类似流感这般简单的疾病仍然难以控制。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings（）ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.

问题1选项

A.virtually

B.literally

C.appropriately

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】根据下半句“ratherthanbyaccident..”可推测,“我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然伤害”。所以选项D符合语境。

3.单选题

Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.trouble

B.headache

C.barrier

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦；烦恼”；B选项headache“头痛；麻烦”；C选项barrier“障碍物，屏障；界线”；D选项threat“威胁”。句意：学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个（

）。根据逻辑可知，对学生而言，校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的，即“威胁”，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Hegotafteryoutochangeyourmind,didn'the?

问题1选项

A.wanted

B.urged

C.persuaded

D.forced

【答案】B

【解析】getafter攻击，追击，催促。只有选项B有催促的意思，所以正确。

5.单选题

MartinLutherKing,Jr.persuadedhisfollowerstobringthe（

）oftheAmericanNegroestotheattentionoftheUnitedNations,buttheydidnotactveryeffectively.

问题1选项

A.conspiracy

B.pledge

C.plight

D.compulsion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conspiracy“阴谋；共谋”；pledge“保证；誓言；抵押”；plight“困境；苦境”；compulsion“强制；强迫”。句意：马丁•路德•金说服他的追随者去让联合国关注美国黑人的苦境，但是他们的行动没取得什么效果。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Hewas（）forhisyearsofservicetothecompanywithagrandfarewellpartyandseveralpresents.

问题1选项

A.awarded

B.rewarded

C.warded

D.safeguarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

8.单选题

TeacherscomplainthatEnglishlearners（

）thesetestswithoutbeingabletospeakEnglishonadailytopicandwriteadecentessay.

问题1选项

A.lookthrough

B.carrythrough

C.sailthrough

D.putthrough

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项lookthrough“逐一查看，浏览”；B选项carrythrough“（常指艰难地）做，完成”；C选项sailthrough“顺利地通过，轻易地做成”；D选项putthrough“为……接通电话，使遭受（不愉快的经历）”。由thesetests（这些考试）及语境可知选C。句意：老师们抱怨说，英语学习者能顺利的通过这些考试，却不能用英语进行日常交流，写一篇像样的文章。

9.单选题

Thisareaoftheparkhasbeenspecially（）forchildren,butaccompanyingadultsarealsowelcome.

问题1选项

A.inaugurated

B.designated

C.entitled

D.delegated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate指定，标出，bedesignatedfor为…而设；entitle定名为…，给…称号，使有权利，常用于beentitledto表示有……资格；delegate委派……为代表，委任。故B符合句意。

10.单选题

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury（）.

问题1选项

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处为强调句型，itwasnotunti+强调部分+that引导的完整句子。因此C选项符合题意。

11.翻译题

Etiquette

Tobeabletoanswerthequestion“Isetiquetteimportant?”onemusthaveanunderstandingofthetruemeaningoftheword.Thereisnosimpledefinitionofsynonym,buttome“consideration”comestheclosest.Allgoodmannersarebasedonthoughtfulnessforothers,andifeveryonelivedbytheGoldenRule—“Dountoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdountoyou”—therewouldbenobadmannersintheworld.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstodefine“etiquette”overtheyears,butmyownparticularfavoritewasfoundinanoldgrammarbook.Itis,“Politenessistodoandsaythekindestthinginthekindestway.”

Thetypeofpersonforwhombooksonetiquetteholdaninteresthaschangedalmostasmuchasmannersthemselves.UntilthefirsteditionofEtiquettewasprintedin1922,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-called“society”.Today,fortunately,ourattitudetowardmannerisfarmoresensible.

【答案】礼仪

“礼仪重要吗？”若要回答这个问题，我们必须懂得“礼仪”一词的真正含义。我们无法把这个词简单地定义或给出某个同义词，而在我看来，“体谅”则是最贴切的诠释。一切礼貌的行为举止皆以体贴他人为基础。如果人人都能遵循“己所不欲，勿施于人”这一黄金法则，这世界上也就不会有不礼貌的行为了。多年来，很多人都试图给“礼仪”定义，但我特别喜爱的解释是在一本古老的语法书中发现的，书中这样写到，“文雅就是善良地做事，和善地说话。”

对礼仪书籍感兴趣的那一类人的变化几乎和礼仪本身一样大。直到1922年《礼仪》第一版出版，人们普遍认为，除了富人或所谓“社会”成员之外，任何人对礼仪都不感兴趣。今天，幸运的是，我们对待礼貌的态度要明智得多。

12.单选题

Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyraidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoaneweraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”，derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirtysevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpail,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Whatistheliteralmeaningoftheword“television”?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevision

transmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenthetelevisionandits

viewerscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Recentchangesinmoderntechnology. 

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

问题2选项

A.Mediumofthemasses

B.Sightfromadistance

C.Airwavetransmission

D.Vehicleforcommunication

问题3选项

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawireorcable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

问题4选项

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

问题5选项

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewershavegrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第三段起到了承上启下的作用:Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings(电视不仅仅是一个电子系统,它还是一种表达工具和传播渠道。因此,电视成了一个对其他人发生影响的强大工具)。因此C项“电视在当今社会里的角色”比较能概括文章大意。

2.词义题。第二段指出:Theword“television”canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance(电视…可以从字面上理解为来自远方的景象)。由此可知B项“来自远方的景象”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:图像转换成电子脉冲,B:通过电线或电缆发送电子脉冲,C:将一个图像转换成另外一个图像,D:将脉冲送入接收机。第二段指出:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,oelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage(通过复杂的电子系统,电视能够将一副閤像转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。当这些电子脉冲信号被输入一部接收机(电视机)吋,就可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像)。由此可知C项在文中未被提及。故选C。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques(第二类为非广播电视,使用受控的发射技术来满足个人以及某些特殊利益群体的需要)。因此答案为D项“非广播类的”。

5.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer(我们渐渐把显像管看作是娱乐的来源,让自己成为这个生动的媒介的被动观众),由此可知A项“观看者在观看电视吋扮演被动角色”正确。

13.单选题

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（

）.

问题1选项

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。tradition“惯例，传统”；transportation“运输”；transmission“传递，传送”；transformation“转换，改革”。

句意：20世纪见证了全世界巨大的政治、经济和文化的变革。选项D符合语境。

14.单选题

Thetransitionfromwife’stomother’srolerequirethewifeto（

）tothecompletelynewsituationindailylife.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.adjust

C.adopt

D.accept

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指适应新环境。adaptto为固定搭配，意为“适应”，所以选项A正确。

15.单选题

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectedincreasedtax（）.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.revenues

C.privileges

D.validity

【答案】B

【解析】efficiency效率;revenue收入,税收;privilege特权,特免;validity有效性,合法性。句意：城镇规划局表示,下一年的财政前景是乐观的,他们期望能够增加税收收入。

16.单选题

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

问题1选项

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很严重的错误，会受到严厉的责罚，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃离。

17.单选题

Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;plucksatoursleevesontheescalator;signalstousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandlashesmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Ithasforcedonusawholenewconceptionofthesuccessfulmanasamannolessthan20%ofwhosemailconsistsofannouncementsofgiantcarpetsales.

AdvertisinghasbeenamongEngland’sbiggestgrowthindustriessincethewar,intermsoftheratioofmoneyearningstodemonstrableachievement.Whyallthefantasticexpenditure?

Perhapstheansweristhatadvertisingsavesthemanufacturersfromhavingtothinkaboutthecustomer.Atthestageofdesigninganddevelopingaproduct,thereisquiteenoughtothinkaboutwithoutworryingoverwhetheranybodywillwanttobuyit.Thedesignerisbusyenoughwithoutaddingcustomer-appealtoallhisotherproblemsofman-hoursandmachinetolerancesandstressfactors.Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingandleaveittotheadvertisertofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealtopurchasersaftertheyhavefinishedit,bypretendingthatitconformstatusoratractsloveorsignifiesmanliness.Iftheadvertisingagencycandothisauthoritativelyenough,themanufacturerisinclover.

Othermanufacturersfindadvertisingsavesthemfromchangingtheirproduct.Andmanufacturershatechange.Theidealproductisonewhichgoesonunchangedforever.If，therefore,foronereasonoranother,somealternationseemscalledforastohowmuchbettertochangetheimage,thepacketorthepitchmadebytheproduct,ratherthangotoalltheinconvenienceofchangingtheproductitself.

Theadvertisingmanhastocombinethequalitiesofthethreemostauthoritativeprofessions:Church.Bar,andMedicine.Thegreatskillrequiredofourpriests,mosthighlydevelopedinmissionariesbutpresent,inall,istheskillofgettingpeopletobelieveinandcontributemoneytosomethingwhichcanneverbelogicallyproved.AttheBar，anessentialabilityisthatofpresentingthemostpersuasivecaseyoucantoajuryofordinarypeople,withemotionalappealsmasqueradingaslogicalexposition;acaseyoudonotnecessarilyhavetobelieveinyourself,justoneyouhavestudiouslyavoideddiscoveringtobefalse.AsforMedicine,anydoctorwillconfirmthatalargepartofhisjobisnotclinicaltreatmentbutfaithhealing.Hisapparentlyscientificapproachenableshispatientstobelievethatheknowsexactlywhatiswrongwiththemandexactlywhattheyneedtoputthemright,justasadvertisingdoes—“Rundown?Youneed...”“Noonewilldancewithyou?Alittleof...willmakeyoupopular”.

Advertisingmenusestatisticsratherlikeadrunkusesalamppost-forsupportratherthanillumination.Theywilldressanyoneupinawhitecoattoappearlikeanunimpeachableauthority,or,failingthat,theywillevenbyhappywiththeannouncement.“Asusedby90%oftheactorswhoplaydoctorsontelevision.”Theirengagingqualityisthattheyenjoyhavingtheirlatesttricksuncoveredalmostasmuchasanyoneelse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,modernadvertisingis“authoritative”becauseofthewayit（

）

2.Theformsofadvertisingmentionedinthefirstparagraphwouldhaveleastimpact（

）

3.Accordingtothepassage,customersareattractedtoaproductbecauseitappearsto（

）

4.TheadvertisingmanissaidtosharewiththeChurch,Bar,andMedicinetheabilityto（

）

5.Theadvertisers（

）.

问题1选项

A.influencesourimageofthekindofpersonweoughttobelike

B.interfereswiththeprivacyofhomelife

C.continuallyforcesusintobuyingthings

D.distractsusnomatterwhereweare

问题2选项

A.intherushhours

B.duringworkinghours

C.beforeworkinghours

D.afterworkinghours

问题3选项

A.haveasufficientlyattractivedesign

B.offergoodvalueformoneyspentonit

C.fulfillthemanufacturers’claims

D.satisfytheirpersonalneeds

问题4选项

A.convincepeopleofthetruth

B.winpeople’sconfidence

C.acceptpeople’sprejudices

D.exploitpeople’sfears

问题5选项

A.knowdeepdownwhattheywant

B.areinterestedinwhatisbeingdesigned

C.areindifferenttowhatisbeingadvertised

D.areuncriticalandeasilyinfluenced

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实。第一段:Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives...coloredlightsallnight,即D项(不管我们在哪里,广告都会分散我们的注意力)。

2.归纳推理。第一段举例讲述的是广告对我们日常休闲时候的影响。题干问的是什么时候广告对我们影响最小,因此推测B项(工作时间)正确。

3.细节事实。第三段:Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingandleaveittotheadvertisertofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealtopurchasersaftertheyhavefinishedit,bypretendingthatitconformstatusoratractsloveorsignifiesmanliness.由此推断D项(满足消费者个人需求)正确。

4.归纳推理。文章指出广告人不得不结合三个最权威行业：教堂，酒吧和医院。他们最大的本领就。是取得人们的信任。

5.判断推理。从文章大意可以看出那些广告客户的目的十分明确。

18.单选题

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalnicheHoloceneclimatestabilitywhichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservicesaquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systemswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

问题3选项

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

问题4选项

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

问题5选项

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者态度题。整篇文章作者都是客观地阐述了大城市的城市化对生态环境的破坏，但是小城市、小镇的城市化和生态环境结合起来就会产生良性循环。其中没有作者过多个人观点的表达。所以对文中的问题作者持中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources”，可知城市形态是由投机者和开发商决定的，绕过了对规划和资源的民主监督，这造成了空间隔离和环境问题。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.”，可知使城市地区在环境上的问题正是因为这些特点，即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的。可判断出these指代的就是上文提到的features，选项B符合题意。

4.词义理解题。wholesome“健全的”；righteous“正义的”；efficacious“有效的”；pernicious“有毒的，恶性的”。句意：相比之下，那些最典型的城市特征，与一些小城市或城镇结合起来也会形成一个更良性的循环。所以virtuous意思为良性的，只有pernicious不是它的同义词。选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.”，可知从郊区进入市中心的交通费用降低了，交通也可以得到更有效的管理。所以C选项中的unaffordable与文意相反。选项C符合题意。

19.单选题

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（

）.

问题1选项

A.personality

B.temperament

C.interest

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。Nationaltemperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。

20.单选题

Thetemperatureoftheatmospherebecomescolderaselevationincreases.

问题1选项

A.altitude

B.aptitude

C.latitude

D.longitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项altitude“海拔”；B选项aptitude“天资”；C选项latitude“纬度”；D选项longitude“经度”。句意：海拔越高，大气温度越低。划线部分elevation是海拔的意思。因此A选项正确。

21.单选题

Despitethe（）conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.

问题1选项

A.attached

B.adverse

C.adequate

D.annual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attached“附加的；依恋的”；B选项adverse“不利的；敌对的”；C选项adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；D选项annual“年度的；每年的”。句意：尽管存在种种（）情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。因此B选项正确。

22.单选题

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepanofEasternEurope_______Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.pitched

B.imposed

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】pitched倾斜;投掷;imposed强加的;inserted插入;plunged投入,陷入。句意：1914年,东欧一个偏远地区发生的一件显然无关紧要的事件使欧洲陷入了一场大战。选项D符合句意。

23.单选题

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax（）.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.revenues

C.privileges

D.validity

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：城镇规划委员会对他们下一年的经济前景持乐观态度。他们期盼税收增加。

efficiency效率；revenue税收，收益；privilege特权；validity有效性。taxrevenue表示“税收”，是常用词组。故本题选B。

24.单选题

Thestudentsareallfrom（

）countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.oriental

C.island

D.Christian

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”；oriental“东方的；东方人的”；island“岛的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：这些学生都来自东方国家，比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。

25.单选题

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，无生气的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，迟钝的”。句意：孩子们重视他们写作中具有洞察力的评论、回答和问题，但是他们能迅速区分敷衍的意见和普通的赞美。选项B符合题意。

26.单选题

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe（

）bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

问题1选项

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grip“紧握，抓牢”；B选项strike“击打，碰撞”，指灾难或疾病的爆发；C选项attack“攻击，进攻”，指暴力性的袭击或者战争的攻击；D选项ravage“毁坏”。由lungcancer（肺癌）可知选B符合逻辑搭配。句意：烟瘾大的人患肺癌的几率是不吸烟者的20倍。

27.单选题

Ruleshavebeen（

）forthebehaviorofthemembersofthegolfclub.

问题1选项

A.lainoff

B.laindown

C.laidoff

D.laiddown

【答案】D

【解析】句意:针对高尔夫球俱乐部成员行为的制度己被制定。

考查短语辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词词组的过去分词形式表被动。Lieoff停止工作;liedown躺下（休息或睡眠）;layoff辞退）工人，脱掉（衣物），放弃;laydown放下,搁下,规定。由关键词rules(制度)可知D符合句意。

28.单选题

Whatarethe______farmproductsinthisregion?

问题1选项

A.principle

B.princess

C.principal

D.prince

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项principle“原则，原理”；B选项princess“（除女王或王后外的）王室女成员”；C选项principal“最重要的，主要的”；D选项prince“王子，王孙”。句意：这个地区的______农产品是什么？根据语境，这里在问这里有什么农产品，横线处修饰farmproducts，C选项principal“最重要的，主要的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

29.单选题

Auction(拍卖)arepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhighestfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoodsforthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatin“antic”,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,thesemileswerecalled“subhanta”,meaning“underthespear’’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacarvedtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle’’,ashoecandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,cobra,fir,mat,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,oldbooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobetoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivesfulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleddrafter,asgenerallyas.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder,hesafelywaituntilhethefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestingin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,59theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.

问题1选项

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.atfixedprices

C.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

问题2选项

A.theauctioneerknocksontheta