考研考博-英语-宁波大学科学技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波大学科学技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI

.

问题1选项

A.hadto

B.woulddo

C.shouldhave

D.mighthaveto

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。shouldhavedone表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。句意：我上周没有提交申请表格，这本是我应该去做的。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedinadvance.Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.Allmensimplywalkintoashopandasktheassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstockthesalesmanpromptlyproducesit,andthebusinessoftryingiton,proceedsatonce.Allbeingwell,thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes,withhardlyanychatandtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.

Foraman,slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants,ordoesnothaveexactlywhathewants.Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish."Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant,sir,butwouldyouliketotryitforsize?Ithappenstobethecoloryoumentioned."Fewmenhavepatiencewiththistreatment,andtheusualresponseis"Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton."

Nowhowdoesawomangoaboutbuyingclothes?Inalmosteveryrespectshedoessointheoppositeway.Hershoppingisnotoftenbasedonneed.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermindwhatshewants,andsheisonly"havingalookaround".Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes;mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvaluewhentheybuyclothes.Theyarealwaysonthelook-outfortheunexpectedbargain.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses,awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother,toandfro,oftenretracinghersteps,beforeselectingthedressesshewantstotryon.Itisalaboriousprocessbutapparentlyanenjoyableone.Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands.

1.Whenamanisbuyingclothes,（

）.

2.Incommerceagoodsalesmanisonewho

（

）.

3.Whatdoesamandowhenhecannotgetexactlywhathewants?

4.Accordingtothispassage,whenshoppingforclothes,women

（

）.

5.Whatisthemostobviousdifferencebetweenmenandwomenshoppers?

问题1选项

A.hechoosesthingsthatothersrecommend

B.hebuyscheapthings,regardlessofquality

C.hebuysgoodthings,solongastheyarenottooexpensive

D.hedoesnotmindhowmuchhehastopayfortherightthings

问题2选项

A.sellssomethingacustomerdoesnotparticularlywant

B.alwayshasinstockthethingthecustomerwants

C.canfindoutquicklythegoodsrequired

D.doesnotwastehistimeondifficultcustomers

问题3选项

A.Hebuyssomethingthatissimilarenoughtotheidealone.

B.Heusuallydoesnotbuyanything.

C.Atleasttwoofhisrequirementsmustbemetbeforehebuys.

D.Solongasthestyleisright,hebuysthething.

问题4选项

A.oftenbuythingswithoutthinking

B.seldombuycheapclothes

C.welcomesuggestionsfromanyone

D.nevertakeanyadvice

问题5选项

A.Thefactthatmendonottryclothesoninashop.

B.Womenbargainfortheirclothesbutmendonot.

C.Womenstandupwhileshopping,butmensitdown.

D.Thetimetheytakeoverbuyingclothes.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.（他知道他想要什么，他的目标是找到它并购买它；价格是次要的考虑因素）可知选D。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish.（在这种情况下，推销员，顾名思义，试图向顾客推销其他东西——他提供了最接近他所需要的物品。优秀的推销员不会直截了当地提出这样的替代方案，而是用技巧和变通来做的这点）可知选A。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton（这是对的颜色，可能是合适的尺寸，但试穿还是浪费你我的时间）可知选B。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.（她总是乐于接受说服；事实上，她非常重视女售货员告诉她的话，甚至是同伴对她说的话。她会试穿很多东西。在她心中最重要的是应该找到每个人都认为适合她的东西）可知选C。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes（这笔交易可以而且经常在不到五分钟内完成）和最后一段中Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands（所以大多数服装店都为等候的丈夫提供椅子）可知男女购物最大的区别是购物花费的时间，因此选D。

3.单选题

Somediseasesare（

）bycertainwateranimals.

问题1选项

A.transplanted

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。

句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Thestudents,arrivingattheusualtimeforbreakfast,wereextremelyfhriouswhentheydiscoveredthatthepricesofalmostthefooditemshaddoubledovernight.

问题1选项

A.students,arriving

B.wereextremelyfhrious

C.almostthefooditems

D.haddoubled

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由furious的英文释义“markedbyextremeandviolentenergyorextremeanger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely”属于重复，应该去除。

5.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

问题2选项

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

问题4选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

问题5选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识……即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（随着交通的改善……最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。

6.单选题

Veryfewexpertshave（）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblems.

问题1选项

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。cometo达到；comearound恢复；comeupwith提出；comeon快点。句意：很少有专家能对世界经济问题提出全新的答案。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

TheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmed（1）betweennorthernandsouthernsectionsoftheUnitedStates.ThefightingbeganonApril12,1861,and（2）untilMay1865.

Foralongtime（3）theCivilWar,theNorthandSouthhad（4）eachotheronmanyissues.Mostpeopleinthe（5）wantedtoabolishslavery,oratleasttostopitsspreadtonewstates,（6）theslaveownersoftheSouthheldthat（7）shouldbeallowedeverywhere.

AnotherissuethatdividedtheNorthandSouthwasa（8）one.TheNorthbelievedinastrongcentralgovernment,（9）,thefederalgovernmentshouldhavemorepowerthanthestategovernments.Mostsoutherners,（10）,regardedthenationasaunionofseparateandmoreorless（11）states.Theyheldthatastatehadtherightto（12）or“secede”fromtheUnionwhenitfeltitsintereststobethreatened.

InNovember,1860,AbrahamLincolnwas（13）the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.SinceLincolnhadbecomewell-known（14）thecountryforhisanti-slaveryviews,hiselectioncausedapanicamongthe（15）intheSouth.Onemonthlater,SouthCarolinasecededfrom（16）.ByFebruary1,1861,sixotherstates—Mississippi.Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana,andTexas—hadtaken（17）steps.

PresidentLincolnknewthatifthese（18）stateswereallowedtoleavetheUnion,itwouldsoon（19）.Soshortlyafterhehadtakenoffice,itwasdecidedbyhiscabinetthattheUnionwastobepreserved（20）.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.quarrel

C.battle

D.struggle

问题2选项

A.established

B.preserved

C.founded

D.lasted

问题3选项

A.after

B.before

C.until

D.to

问题4选项

A.disagreedwith

B.agreedto

C.agreedwith

D.disagreedto

问题5选项

A.North

B.South

C.CivilWar

D.Country

问题6选项

A.as

B.so

C.and

D.while

问题7选项

A.freedom

B.slavery

C.plantation

D.revolution

问题8选项

A.political

B.economical

C.educational

D.artificial

问题9选项

A.sotosay

B.however

C.thatis

D.forexample

问题10选项

A.asaresult

B.however

C.yet

D.in

问题11选项

A.dependent

B.independent

C.complete

D.incomplete

问题12选项

A.succeed

B.erect

C.establish

D.withdraw

问题13选项

A.elected

B.selected

C.chosen

D.appointed

问题14选项

A.for

B.throughout

C.among

D.during

问题15选项

A.laborparty

B.factoryowners

C.slaveowners

D.presidents

问题16选项

A.theUnion

B.theNorth

C.theSouth

D.theState

问题17选项

A.alike

B.likely

C.similar

D.related

问题18选项

A.six

B.two

C.live

D.seven

问题19选项

A.gettogether

B.burstinto

C.breakout

D.breakup

问题20选项

A.byforce

B.bypersuading

C.bytalking

D.byeducation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾”；B选项quarrel“吵架，争论”；C选项battle“战役，斗争”；D选项struggle“斗争，奋斗”。根据句意“美国内战是美国北部和南部地区之间长达四年的武装冲突。”选项A最符合语境。

2.考查动词辨析。A选项establish“建立”；B选项preserve“保存”；C选项found“创立”；D选项last“持续”。根据原文可知，这里是说战争从1861年4月12持续到了1865年5月，所以选项D符合原文。

3.考查介词辨析。原文是说在美国内战爆发之前的很长一段时间里，南北双方在很多问题上就已经存在分歧了。所以选项B符合原文。

4.考查上下文语义。根据下文的描述可以推断出双方应该是存在分歧，由此可首先排除选项B和选项C；当表示双方意见不一致的时候用介词with，所以选项A正确。

5.考查上下文语义。本段主要是讲南北之间的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隶主，那这里指的应该是北方的大多数人想要取消奴隶制。所以选项A符合原文。

6.考查逻辑关系词。前后形成对比并且是相反的情况，应使用连词while表转折，所以选项D正确。

7.考查上下文语义。上文提及北方大多数人想要取消奴隶制，然而南方的奴隶主们认为奴隶制在任何地方都应该被允许，所以选项B符合原文。

8.考查形容词辨析。A选项political“政治的”；B选项economical“经济的”；C选项educational“教育的”；D选项artificial“人造的”。根据原文可知，分裂南北方属于政治问题，所以选项A符合原文。

9.考查连接词。A选项sotosay“可以这么说，打个比方说”；B选项however“然而”；C选项thatis“也就是说，换言之”；D选项forexample“例如”。根据句意“北方相信一个强大的中央政府，（），联邦政府应该比州政府拥有更多的权力。”句子的后半部分是对前半部分的进一步解释，所以选项C更符合语境。

10.考查逻辑连接词。上文提及北方相信一个强大的中央政府，而下文讲到南方认为这个国家是一个独立的，或者或多或少独立的州组成的联盟，前后形成转折关系，所以选项B符合语境。

11.考查上下文语义。这里是由and连接的两个并列成分，根据上一句“regardedthenationasaunionofseparate把国家看作是一个独立的联合体”可知，后半句表示或多或少独立的州。所以选项B符合句意。

12.考查动词辨析。A选项succeed“继承，接替”；B选项erect“竖立，建造”；C选项establish“建立”；D选项withdraw“撤退，离开”。根据句意“他们认为，当一个州感到自己的利益受到威胁时，它有权退出或“脱离”联邦。”选项D符合原文语境。

13.考查动词辨析。A选项elect“选举”；B选项select“选择”；C选项choose“挑选”；D选项appoint“任命，委派”。根据原文可知，这里是说林肯当选为美国第16任总统，选项A符合句意。

14.考查介词辨析。根据句意“林肯反奴隶制的观点闻名于全国”，贯穿全国用介词throughout，选项B正确。

15.考查上下文语义。根据句意“他（林肯）的当选在南部引起了恐慌。”林肯反对奴隶制，损害的是南方奴隶主的利益，所以选项C符合原文语境。

16.考查上下文语义。根据最后一段第一句可知，这里指脱离的是联邦政府，所以选项A符合原文语境。

17.考查形容词辨析。A选项alike“相似的，相像的”，强调两个人长得相像；B选项likely“可能的，合适的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项related“有关联的”。根据原文可知，这里是说其他六个州也采取了类似的措施，选项C符合语境。

18.考查上下文语义。南卡罗来纳州已经脱离了联邦政府，所以这里是说“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话”，选项A符合语境。

19.考查词组辨析。A选项gettogether“聚集，积累”；B选项burstinto“闯入”；C选项breakout“爆发，突发”；D选项breakup“解散，衰落”。根据句意“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话，联邦很快就会分裂。”选项D符合原文语境。

20.考查短语辨析。A选项byforce“强迫地，靠武力”；B选项bypersuading“通过劝说”；C选项bytalking“通过谈判”；D选项byeducation“通过教育”。根据句意“因此，在他就职后不久，他的内阁决定通过武力来维护联邦。”选项A符合原文语境。

8.单选题

Togetmytraveler’schecksIhadto____suchaspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

问题1选项

A.makefor

B.makeout

C.makeup

D.makeover

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.makefor前往；造就B.makeout填写完

C.makeup补充；编造；构成D.makeover转让

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析与动宾搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填短语搭配的宾语为“一张特别的支票”，B选项makeout“填写完”可以与之搭配，makeoutacheck“填写支票”。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项与宾语“一张特别的支票”搭配不当。

【句意】为了取得全额的旅行支票，我必须给银行开一张特别的支票。

9.翻译题

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中国正处于一个具有挑战性的转型阶段。人口老龄化的迅速增长、不断增加的债务以及固定资产投资回报率的下降给经济带来了新的负担。由于人口老龄化，中国的劳动力总量预期今年达到最高峰，然后开始一个长期的减少，而到2050年中国的劳动力规模可能减少16%。到2030年，中国的抚养比率——即不属于劳动力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和儿童）将达到47%。而中国人均国内生产总值的减少会比日本或美国等国家出现得早很多。

10.单选题

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,

Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.

Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.

Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.

Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.

ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.

Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?

3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?

4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?

问题1选项

A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.

B.Itcollideswithotherstars.

C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.

D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.

问题2选项

A.Blackholesaredeadstars.

B.Blackholeshavegravity.

C.Blackholesareinvisible.

D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.

问题3选项

A.Itbecomesinvisible.

B.ItfallstoEarth.

C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.

D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.

问题4选项

A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.

B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.

C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.

D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.

问题5选项

A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.

B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.

C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.

D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."当气体耗尽时,恒星停止燃烧并开始死亡。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,选项A,B,C均是对黑洞正确的描述;选项D描述太绝对,所以不正确。

3.判断推理题。根据六七段的内容可知,当恒星死亡后,重力使其向内挤压,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不见的,所以选项A正确。

4.判断推理题。根据倒数策二段的倒数二三句"Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes."黑洞是如此的紧凑以至于它的重力吸收一切——甚至光。黑洞发出的光永远不会回到你的眼睛里。选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容,本文主要是讲黑洞的形成与影响,所以选项C正确。

11.翻译题

BrendaFarmerandWillieBlanscethavesatacrossfromeachotherontheButterballbagginglinefor17years,102cold,rawturkeysslidingbyinfrontofthemeveryminute.“MeandWillielookateachotherandsay,‘Howintheworldcananybodyeatthismuchturkey?’”

Theoddsaregoodthatyoursmaybeone.1.Thewomen,alongwithworkersatanotherButterballplanta90-minutedriveaway,helpproduceaboutathirdofthe43millionturkeysthenationwilleattoday,accordingtotheNationalTurkeyFederation.

ThiscomerofnorthwestArkansasisnotthelandoffree-runningheritagebirdsthatcommand$16apound.Aleisurelymorningbrowsingthefarmers,marketisnothowmostpeoplespendaSaturday.

2.Inthiscommunityof3,000ontheArkansasRiver,whereeveryoneischeeringontheHillbillies,thehighschoolfootballteamthatmadeittothestateplayoffs,turkeyisanindustry.AndajobattheButterballplantisoneofthemostreliableintown.

ThemedianincomeinFranklinCountyisjustover$30,000ayear.Unemploymentisat7.3percent.Everyweek,adozenorsopeopleshowupattheplantlookingforwork.Maybetwogethired,plantmanagerssaid.

Itisnoteasywork.Turkeysneedtobestunnedanddispatchedandgutted.Someonehastocuttheoilglandoutofthetail.Necksandgizzardsandlivershavetobecleanedandstuffedintoacavity.3.Duringasix-weekperiodthatbeginsinOctober,thelinerunssevendaysaweektoprocessfreshturkey.Itisaperiodpeopleintownsimplyrefertoas“fresh”,anditisgrueling.

“It’salongbattlewhenwe’reworkingfresh,butIatleastgotsomebillspaidandChristmasmoney,”Mrs.Farmersaid.“IjustsitthereandhumandsingandtalktomyfriendWillie.Wegetthroughittogether.”

【答案】1.一些妇女和工人们在距离这里90分钟车程的巴特堡养殖场工作。根据美国火鸡联盟提供的数字，今天全国火鸡的总消耗量将达4300万只，其中总量的三分之一的火鸡由巴特堡的这家养殖场提供。

2.阿肯色河沿岸有3000个群落。这里的每一个人都在为高中橄榄球队希尔比利斯能进入全国季后赛而欢呼雀跃。在这里，火鸡是一项产业。

3.在从十月份起长达六周的时间里，生产线整周整周不停地加工新鲜的火鸡。小镇里的人称这段时间为“新鲜期”，这段时间的工作十分折磨人。

12.单选题

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

问题1选项

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项homogeneity“同质，同种”，B项proximity“接近”，C项lingering“拖延的，迟迟不结束的”，D项access“通道，进入，机会”。根据but可知，前后句子为转折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息）对比可知，前面空格处应该表示“住在邻居隔壁”，B项符合。句意：住得离邻居很近是很舒适的，但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息。因此，该题选择B项。

13.单选题

Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.obstinate

C.sober

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sophisticated“复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的”；B选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”；C选项sober“冷静的，清醒的；未醉的”；D选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”。句意：尽管这位律师有丰富的律师执业经验，但她未能从这位固执的证人那里打听到多少信息。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyaretoo（

）fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

问题1选项

A.scarce

B.scary

C.scared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；scary“可怕的，恐怖的”；scared“害怕的”；scarred“伤痕累累的”。句意：一项研究发现，父母们正在摒弃传统的童话故事，因为它们太恐怖，不适合年幼的儿童。因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Backin1992,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat“themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemandinafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks.”Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.

Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.

InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsrael’sprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclasses’teachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildren’stestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.

Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammercamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.

Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthor,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingthescheme’scomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest